2. FIVE BASIC METHODS OF CONTROL
1. Physical(mechanical)- use of
mechanical devices or physical
forces.
2. Chemical- use of
rodenticides, insecticides, and
larvicides.

3. 3. Biological- consideration of
limiting factors that affect their
growth and reproduction.
4. Environmental- cleanliness of the
immediate premises and proper
building construction and
maintenance so as to prevent access
of these pests into human dwellings

4. 5. Educational- health education and
information such that the population will
understand and appreciate the importance
of control measures and therefore
motivate them to change their habits,
practices, and attitudes, which promote
the survival and multiplication of pests.

5. Murine Typhus
Ricketssia Typhi Infected rat
fleas
Plague Blood
Pasteurella
pestis
Rigurgation of
infected into
bite wound by
flea
Rat bite fever
Streptobacillus
Moniliformis
Rat bites
DISEASES CAUSATIVE
ORGANISM
MODE OF
TRANSMISSIO
N

6. Salmonellosis Salmonella
species
Rodent urine
and/or feces
Weil’s disease
Leptospira
icterohaemorr
-hagiae
Rodent urine
and/or feces
Rickettsialpox Rickettsia
akari
House mouse
night bite

7. Murine Typhus
 also called endemic typhus
is a form of typhus transmitted by fleas,
usually on rats
is an under-recognized entity, as it is
often confused with viral illnesses
most people who are infected do not
realize that they have been bitten by
fleas.

9. Rat bite fever
is an acute, febrile human illness
caused by bacteria transmitted
by rodents, rats or mice in most
cases, which is passed from rodent
to human via the rodent's urine or
mucous secretions

11. Salmonellosis
is an infection with Salmonella bacteria
most people infected
with Salmonella develop diarrhea, fever,
vomiting, and abdominal cramps 12 to 72
hours after infection

13. Weil’s disease
is the acute human form of a bacterial
infection with a raft of different names: mud
fever, swamp fever, haemorrhagic jaundice,
swineherd's disease, sewerman's flu.
The infection is caught through contact with
infected animal urine (mainly from rodents,
cattle or pigs), generally in contaminated
water, and typically enters the body through
cuts or scrapes, or the lining of the nose,
mouth, throat or eyes.

15. Rickettsialpox
is an illness caused by bacteria of
the Rickettsia genus
the first symptom is a bump formed by the
bite, eventually resulting in a black, crusty
scab
is treated with doxycycline.
Doxycycline is a member of the tetracycline
antibiotics group, and is commonly used to treat
a variety of infections.

18. 1. Preventive
(environmental control)
a.Elimination of food by
proper garbage disposal
and food storage.

19. b. Elimination of breeding
placesa (harborage) by
proper refuse storage,
satisfactory house-keeping
and proper design and
construction of buildings.

20. c. Rat-proofing of buildings-
Special construction to
prevent rats from going
under, through, and over
the building.

21. d. Health education and
information

22. 2. Suppressive Measures
a.Physical- use of traps(spring
trap, cage trap, etc.),
shooting with bullets, darts,
catching, clubbing

23. b. Chemical- use of poisons
which maybe generally
classified into:
b.1. contact poisons
b.2. stomach poisons
b.3. fumigants
b.4. sterilants

24. c. Biological- use of living
rat predator and disease
agents

26. Mosquitoes are slender delicate insects having
scales on their wings and long antennae. The
mouth parts are adapted for piercing and
sucking, but the males do not suck blood, the
boring apparatus not being strong enough to
penetrate the human or animal skin. The female
mosquitoes feed only on the blood of man and
animal, while the male mosquitoes feed on the
nectar from flowers

27. Anopheles Minimus Flavirostris is by far the
most dangerous malaria transmitter in the
Philippines. Anopheles mangyanus seems an
effective vector among the primitive
Mangyans in Mindoro island.
The control of this mosquitoes is being
undertaken by the Malaria Eradication
Program under the Department of Health so
as to achieve the eradication of malaria in the
Philippines and to prevent it’s re-introduction.

28. The vectors of these diseases are
found in the Philippines are Aedes
poecilus and Culex quinquefasciatus
The control of these mosquitoes is
now being undertajen by the
Filariasis Program under the
Department of Health.

29. Aedes Aegypti is the carrier of dengue and
yellow fever. The adult mosquito is medium-
sized and gives the impression of being gray,
but when closely examined, the gray color is
found to be due to silvery working on the legs,
abdomen and thorax.
To control mosquitoes for disease prevention,
mention has been made of the Malaria
Eradication Program and the Filariasis