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打造網站親和⼒力
PIXNET -YvonneYu
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Accessibility
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網站親和⼒力、無障礙網站
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親和⼒力網站是打造給盲⼈人的
每個⼈人
觀念⼀一:
無法正常使⽤用滑⿏鼠
reference: About Application Software Accessibility
滑⿏鼠壞了
操作困難
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⽼老花眼、弱視、近視
認知和學習障礙
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搜尋引擎
聽障⼈人⼠士
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⾊色盲
全球男性⼈人⼝口約8%,⼥女性⼈人⼝口約0.5%

紅⾊色盲:難以辨認紅⾊色	

綠⾊色盲:難以辨認綠⾊色	

第三⾊色盲:難以辨認藍⾊色和⿈黃⾊色,⼜又稱藍⿈黃⾊色盲。
Reference: ⾊色盲⼈人⼠士的世界到底是怎樣!? 7
視障⼈人⼠士(盲⼈人)
使⽤用 螢幕閱讀器 瀏覽網站

OSX: VoiceOver

Windows: NVDA、JAWS
迷思: 視障⼈人⼠士不使⽤用網站	

許多⼈人認為⾝身障⼈人⼠士不使⽤用網站。事實上,情況完全相反

很多⾝身障⼈人⼠士和健全⼈人⼠士⼀一樣經常使⽤用網站,在網上購物
和進⾏行社交活動,令他們更能獨⽴立地⽣生活。
Reference: 政府資訊科技總監辦公室 - 無障礙網⾴頁⼿手冊 8
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Touch screen
iOS: 	

官⽅方說明	

輔助使⽤用實⽤用技巧與秘訣
Siri:⾝身障⼈人⼠士⽤用聲⾳音操作⼿手機	

Facetime:聽障⼈人⼠士可以⾯面對⾯面聊天	

⽂文字輸⼊入:⽤用聲⾳音打字	

VoiceOver:朗讀觸碰到的畫⾯面按鈕	

放⼤大⽂文字與影像、提⾼高背景對⽐比顏⾊色
親和⼒力是...	

讓不同程度的使⽤用者

可以更輕易獲取網站上的資訊
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親和⼒力網站不關我的事!
是每個⼈人都該關⼼心
觀念⼆二:
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假如你是⼯工程師...
好的網站架構讓未來維護更簡單,開發成本減低
好的親和⼒力網站可優化搜尋引擎
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假如你是⽼老闆...
網站內容會被更多⼈人閱讀,開拓潛在市場
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給每個⼈人...
⼤大家⽣生活在同⼀一個地球,	

我們的所作所為,都會引起很重要的作⽤用
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⾝身障⼈人⼝口
0
300,000
600,000
900,000
1,200,000
1,141,677
2014 台灣⾝身障⼈人⼝口
總⼈人⼝口的 5%
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台灣 2014 年⾝身障⼈人⼝口分佈
32%
5%
9%
10%
11%
33%
肢體 聽障 多重障礙者 智能障礙 視障
其他
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打造親和⼒力網站是困難的
容易的
觀念三:
WCAG 2.0
全⽂文:Web Content Accessibility Guidelines

中⽂文:無障礙網⾴頁內容指南	

W3C 為推動更多網站採⽤用無障礙設計,所研究跟推⾏行的指南
跟建議,以便⾝身障⼈人⼠士使⽤用。	

總共有 61 項準則,並依照重要性分成三個等級
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A級 AA級 AAA級
基本 建議 典範
有意義的 HTML 結構(A)
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<header>

<h1>哈佛的最後⼀一堂課</h1>

</header>

<nav>

<ul>

<li><a>⼤大綱</a></li>

<li><a>完整介紹</a></li>

</ul>

</nav>

<article>

<section>每個哈佛教授都會對在畢
業....</section>

</article>
<div>哈佛的最後⼀一堂課</div>

<div>

<span><a>⼤大綱</a></span>

<span><a>完整介紹</a></span>

</div>

<div>

每個哈佛教授都會對在畢業前對學⽣生
講出....

</div>
網⾴頁標題 (A)
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標題要能定義網站內容
<head>

	

 <title>痞客邦 PIXNET </title>

</head>
我是分隔線
!
Image tag 加上 alt 與 title (A)
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alt: 當圖⽚片沒有載⼊入時出現的⽂文字。
<img src=“logo.png” alt=“PIXNET logo” title=“點擊回 PIXNET ⾸首⾴頁”>
裝飾性或無意義的圖⽚片,alt 要空字串。不需要提⽰示使⽤用者
無圖⽚片時
無圖⽚片時
影⽚片DEMO
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title: 滑⿏鼠移過去會出現的⽂文字
alt: 搜尋引擎在搜尋圖⽚片時,會尋找 alt 內⽂文字。	

!
螢幕閱讀器所朗讀,代表圖⽚片的⽂文字。需要簡單明瞭
規劃好 tab 的移動順序 (A)
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<form>

	

 <label for="name">Name</label>

	

 <input type="text" id="name" tabindex="1">

	

 <input type="submit" id="submitform" tabindex="2" value="Submit">

</form>
1
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撰寫好的 HTML 架構	

可使⽤用 tabindex 確保閱讀器有良好瀏覽順序
Font Size (AA)
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使⽤用 relative size (em 或 rem),讓使⽤用者依照喜好調整 size ⼤大⼩小
跳⾄至內容(A)
放上直接 “跳⾄至內容” 的按鈕,直接閱讀該⾴頁⾯面的重點

- 可隱藏,只要按鈕可 focus, 閱讀器 就可讀到
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顏⾊色對⽐比⾼高(A)
勿只依賴顏⾊色傳遞資訊,內容彩度需對⽐比⾼高
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紅綠⾊色弱
網站範例
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Mark Zuckerberg
明顯的對⽐比
Role	

定義 HTML Component ⾓角⾊色,

給予使⽤用螢幕閱讀器的使⽤用者了解原件的操作跟作⽤用	

[影⽚片 DEMO]
WAI-ARIA
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Web Accessibility Initiative's Accessible Rich Internet Applications
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PIXNET 可以做些什麼?
了解⾃自⼰己網站的親和⼒力 - webaim
列出不符合親和⼒力的錯誤、警告跟解決辦法	

例:image tag 沒有加上 alt ⽂文字	

解析畫⾯面的結構,確保是否是合理的 HTML 結構	

例:標出畫⾯面上有多少 h2 tag,跟⽤用多少 list element	

!
DEMO: http://wave.webaim.org/report#/www.pixnet.net
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檢視親和⼒力
Validator by W3C:檢視是否為 valid HTML markup	

親和⼒力網站 的 check list 

- A11Y project or Cameron Moll [pdf]	

檢查顏⾊色對⽐比

- Contract A orVischeck	

使⽤用螢幕閱讀器閱讀網站
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優秀的親和⼒力網站
TED: 

網站顏⾊色對⽐比⾼高,內容清楚

影⽚片附字幕,操作簡單

網站 markup 均有標⽰示 ARIA 跟 alt	

Mozilla Taiwan

鍵盤操作簡單,按 tab 可輕易瀏覽網站

Font Size 採⽤用 relative size,

可依照設定調整⼤大⼩小
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REFERENCES
⾹香港政府資訊科技總監辦公室 - 無障礙網⾴頁	

在 30 天內打造更具親和⼒力的網站	

嫁給RD的 UI Designer - ⾊色盲者使⽤用的配⾊色檢測法	

O3noBLOG - 在盲⼈人之前的親和⼒力	

WebAIM.org - WebAIM's WCAG 2.0 Checklist	

Web Accessibility 介紹影⽚片 by Department of Social Services	

網站親和⼒力 - 台灣第⼀一本《網⾴頁親和⼒力》專書的部落格	

如何設計好網站 Don’t make me think - Steve Krug
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THANKYOU

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打造網站親和力