This chapter will help you realize the transformation of teaching and learning from the past years to the present century.

1. TEACHERS AND
STUDENTS IN THE
DIGITAL AGE
CHAPTER 1

2. Intended Learning Outcome:
At the end of this chapter, you are expected to:
•Differentiate the roles of teachers and students in the
earlier years and in the 21st century of instruction.

3. Teacher of the Early Generations
VS
Teachers of the 21st Century
VS

4. Teachers in the Early Years
• Teachers were regarded as instruments for information dissemination and
communicators of knowledge in which the students obediently receive and
believe.
• Teachers were always in authority over the students.
• In this period, teacher-centered approach was observed in the educational
system.
• This approach seems to weaken the aim of acquiring quality learning for this
makes the students passive learners.
-It is believed that teachers today are far
different from teachers of yesterday. Let us see
how different they are from the past years to
this century.

5. Teachers of Yesterday Teachers of the 21st Century
• Disseminate information through • Allow students to solve real-world
problems
• Require students to memorize contents
from textbooks
• Allow students to construct their own
understanding of the subject matter.
• Make use of textbooks and workbooks
their reference.
• Make use of manipulative materials;
makes use of multitude of prints and
electronic sources.

6. • Give assessments through written
examinations.
• Give performance-based assessments
(performance task)
• Focus on their responsibility and
relationship with the students as
recipients of knowledge.
• Widen their responsibility and their
relationship with colleagues, community
and other stakeholders in acquiring clear
and obtainable standards for knowledge,
skills, and values that students are
expected to acquire.
• Followers of policies prescribed by the
school
• Participate in the decision-making in
schools.
• Use lecture as teaching method. • Use a variety of teaching methods
appropriate in students learning.

7. • Deliver the same lesson every year. • Spend time in researching to update
his/her knowledge of the subject matter.
• Too focused on self-achievement • Mentor new teachers
• Target to finish the lesson within the
period.
• Target the learners to be ready in the
challenges o today’s learning.
• Autocratic in which teachers are in
control of everything in all events of the
classroom.
• Democratic in which teachers allow
students to take responsibility in their
learning.
• Foster learner autonomy where students
also learn to take responsibility in their
learning.

8. 21st
Century
Teacher
Channel Communicator
Learner
futurist
Leader
Exemplar
Collaborator
Venture
player

9. Channel
Teachers serve as channels in connecting the curriculum,
software, hardware, and dynamics of teaching in their
instruction.
Communicator
This does not only refer to having a good language in
communicating knowledge to the students, but being a
teacher who can communicate with their students anytime and
anywhere with the use of tools and technologies.
Learner
When teachers want their students to learn beyond the usual
and learn to face the challenges of education, they themselves
should be lifelong learners.

10. Futurist
Teachers are futurist not only on what they want their students
to achieve at the end of the lesson, but on how they will
deliver the lesson with the use of emerging tools.
Leader
Teachers are leaders in their own way by leading their students
to the proper and appropriate use of learning materials
including technologies.
Exemplar
Teachers are model when it comes to behavior, language,
dealings with colleagues and students, use of facilities, and
other.

11. Collaborator
Collaborators not only inside the classroom, but also in
space.
Venture
player
Teachers are venture player in taking chances to apply
new knowledge, skills, practices, and technologies
especially if these will level up the students
understanding and learning.

12. Students of the Early Generations
VS
Students of the 21st Century
VS

13. Students in the Early Years
Students in their earlier generations are indeed different
in today’s generation.
• Students depend so much from the teacher when it
comes to learning.
• They listen passively to the discussion, they only speak or
answer when they are asked.
• They learn theories through memorization of text, and
many others in which we can tell that is not entirely
authentic.
Let us take a closer look at the differences of the
students of yesterday and the students of the 21st
century.

14. Students of Yesterday Students of the 21st Century
• Receiver of facts and information • Active creators of knowledge
• Learning is based on repetition • Interactive knowledge constructor
• Textbook users • Internet users to access a vast of
information
• Passive recipients of information • Actively engaged in class activities
• Competitive learners • Collaborative learners

15. • Factual thinkers • Reflective, critical and creative thinkers
• Unilateral thinkers • Divergent thinkers
• Inactive process of learning • Dynamic processes of learning
• Dependent learners • Self-managing learners
• Single taskers • Multitaskers
• Single sensory input provider • Multisensory input provider

16. The advent of technology in
education is truly a blessing
for students where they can do
other requirements in school
faster and easier. Yet, students
have to be reminded of being
responsible in using these
technologies appropriately.
Generally, they have to be
techno-smart not techno-
addict.

18. Instruction in the early generations
VS
Instruction in the 21st century
is an effective mode of instruction but
many not be as effective as other
pedagogies which would make teaching
and learning more interesting, engaging,
and would absolutely give students quality
education and authentic learning.

19. Here are some
useful and
effective
teaching
methods and
strategies

20. Traditional Learning Environment New Learning Environment
• Teacher-centered instruction • Student-centered instruction
• Single-sense stimulation • Multisensory simulation
• Single-path progression • Multipath progression
• Single medium • Multimedia
• Isolated work • Collaborative work
• Information delivery • Information exchange
• Passive learning • Active/ exploratory/ inquiry-based learning
• Factual, knowledge-based learning • Critical thinking and informed decision making
• Reactive response • Proactive/ planned action
• Isolated, artificial context • Authentic, real-world context

21. The 21st Century Skills
Making education of quality
does not focus alone on the
cognitive aspect of learning.
These skills are described, as the
“transversal skills” which
encompass the 21st century
skills, soft-skills, generic skills
and non-cognitive skills –
values, attitudes and respect for
the environment.

22. According to Partnership for 21st Century Skills Organization, the
following skills are relevant to the student’s professional growth
effective professional, citizens, and leaders of the future.
• Learning and Innovation Skills
• Life and Career Skills
• Information, Media, and Technology Skills

23. • Emphasize core subjects
• Emphasize learning skills
• Use 21st Century tools to develop learning skills
• Teach and learn 21st Century context
• Teach and learn 21st Century content
• Use 21st Century assessments that measure 21st
Century skills
6 Key Elements of 21st Century
Learning

24. Emphasize core subjects
• The core subjects provide a foundation for 21st century skills. The No Child Left
Behind Act identifies the following as core subjects: English, reading or
language arts, mathematics, science, foreign languages, civics, government,
economics, arts, history, and geography.
Emphasize learning skills
In addition to core subjects, students need to develop the necessary skills
to continue as lifelong learners:
• information and communication skills
• thinking and problem solving skills
• interpersonal and self-directional skills

25. Use 21st Century tools to develop learning skills
Students in the 21st century must be proficient the use of 21st century tools
including:
• information and communication technologies
• computers, networking, and other technologies
• audio, video, and other media and multimedia tools
Teach and learn 21st Century context
Students learn academic content best when teachers create an environment that:
• makes content relevant to student lives
• brings the world into the classroom
• takes students out into the world
•creates opportunities for students to interact with each other, with teachers, and with
other knowledgeable adults in authentic learning experiences

26. Teach and learn 21st Century content
Educators and business leaders have identified additional content areas essential
for student success in the community and in the workplace:
• global awareness
• financial, economic, and business literacy
• civic literacy
Use 21st Century assessments that measure 21st
Century skills
Teachers and schools must balance standardized testing and classroom assessments.
• standardized tests must measure both core subjects and 21st century skills
• standardized tests must be balanced appropriately with classroom assessments to
measure the full range of the students' skills in a timely way
• classroom assessments must be strengthened and integrated with the instructional
process to reinforce learning, provide immediate feedback and help students learn core
subjects and 21st century skills

27. • Educational Technology 2 , pages 2-12.
• https://etc.usf.edu/l4l/c-21c.html
• https://teachonline.ca/sites/default/files/pdfs/teaching-in-a-
digital-age_2016.pdf
• http://wiki.lib.sun.ac.za/images/f/f3/Teaching-in-a-digital-
age.pdf
• http://www.p21.org/our-work/p21-framework