1. WOMEN’S HEALTH ISSUES SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS CHAPTER 15 Created by: Yomayra Murillo

2. What are STIs and STDs? Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases or infections transmitted primarily though sexual intercourse Some of the most common STIs and STDs include HIV, Chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, genital herpes, human papilloma virus (HPV), hepatitis B, etc…

3. Transmission methods Blood Semen Vaginal secretions Discharge from sores or lesions Can be transmitted though oral, anal and vaginal sex when no source of protective barrier between body parts

4. Symptoms Pain or burning sensation while urinating Itching, discharge, or funky smell Sharp pains in lower belly (women) Growths, bumps, rashes, or sores in genital area SOME PEOPLE MAY BE ASYMPTOMATIC

5. Factors contributing to likelihood of getting an STI Social and cultural factors Poverty Younger population with more than one partner Violence and rape rates Biological factors Women are more likely to get and STI or and STD than men Age constraints Vaginal lining in women thins out with age making it easier to tear when performing a sexual activity

6. Chlamydia Spread through vaginal, oral, or anal sex Spread mother to child at birth Symptoms related to STI occur 7-14 after intercourse 4 out of 5 women have no symptom Symptoms in women include: discharge, pain, and bleeding Symptoms in men include: burning and discharge

7. Gonorrhea (clap) Transmitted during vaginal, oral and anal sex, or on mother to child at birth Symptoms appear within 2-30 days No symptoms in most women but thick pus, and bleeding may occur Other symptoms might include eye infection, and sore throat Symptoms in men might include thick pus from penis and burning urination

8. Syphilis Transmitted through skin and sexual contact Symptoms appear in primary stage at 10-90 days and 1-6 months at secondary stage Symptoms include in both men and women: painless sores that heal in 1-5 weeks- sores go away but bacteria stay in body Secondary stage symptoms- rash, flu-like symptoms, hair loss, wart like growths and swollen glands

9. Herpes I and II Type I generally only affects the mouth area though it may affect the genital area. Type II is known as genital herpes Transmitted sexually First outbreak occurs within 2-10 days having recurrent outbreak every 3-12 months Symptoms include painful blisters, painful urination, discharge, swollen glands, fever, body aches

10. Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) Spread through sexual contact with infected person Symptoms appear several months to years after infection had occurred Virus is not visible but small painless lesions are visible

11. GenitalWarts Caused by HPV Spread through contact with warts Warts appear 3 weeks to several months after infected Symptoms include growths, itching, irritation and bleeding

12. Hepatitis B Spread through sexual contact AND needle sharing Symptoms appear 6 weeks to 6 months after contact Symptoms include loss of appetite, weakness, muscle pain, headache, fever and dark urine Diagnosed through a blood test

13. HIV Spread through sexual contact, blood, body fluids, sharing needles, and breast feeding Positive blood test at 6 weeks to 3 months after contracting STI. May take 10 years or more for AIDS to develop Often mo symptoms to very, very mild symptoms like sore throat and swollen glands

14. Trichomonas Vaginalis Spread through sexual or contact with sexual fluids Symptoms appear within 6 months of exposure Symptoms include bad smelling greenish-yellowish discharge, itching, irritation, and redness

15. Bacterial vaginosis/yeast infection May or may not include sexual contact Symptoms include vaginal discharge, itching and bad smell Can be treated through pills or medicinal creams on affected area.

16. scabies/crabs Sexual contact or close contact with infected person sometimes through clothes or bedding Symptoms appear 2-4 after exposure Symptoms include severe itching Visual exam Topical treatments

17. Resources Women, B. (2005). Our bodies, ourselves: a new edition for a new era. Touchstone.