Asu history and theory lecture 5-design development 18-11-2017

1. ASU – Ain Shams University
Faculty of Engineering
Department of Architectural Engineering
ARC 122: History & Theory of Architecture
Fall 2017
Instructor: Dr. Yasser Mahgoub
Lecture 5 - Design Development

2. • Developing design solutions
• Comparison and evaluation
• Design Development Stages
• Structural Systems
• Technical Systems (MEP-HVAC-Lighting-Fire
Fighting, Acoustics, Codes, …)

3. Definition of Design Development
Phase
• Transitional phase of an architect/engineer (A/E)
services in which the design moves from the
schematic phase to the contract document
phase.
• In this phase, the A/E prepares drawings and
other presentation documents to crystallize the
design concept and describe it in terms of
architectural, electrical, mechanical, and
structural systems.
• In addition, the A/E also prepares a statement of
the probable project cost.

4. Design Development
Technical Documentation: Ability to make technically clear
drawings and write outline specifications.

5. Design Development
Technical Documentation: Ability to prepare models illustrating
and identifying the assembly of materials, systems, and
components appropriate for a building design.

6. Design Development
Structural Systems: Understanding of the basic principles of
structural behavior in withstanding gravity and lateral forces
and the evolution, range, and appropriate application of
contemporary structural systems.

7. Design Development
Building Envelope Systems: Understanding of the basic
principles involved in the appropriate application of building
envelope systems and associated assemblies relative to
fundamental performance, aesthetics, moisture transfer,
durability, and energy and material resources.

8. Design Development
Building Service Systems: Understanding of the basic principles
and appropriate application and performance of building
service systems such as plumbing, electrical, vertical
transportation, security, and fire protection systems.

9. Design Development
Life Safety: Ability to apply the basic principles of life-safety
systems with an emphasis on egress.

10. Design Development
Building Materials and Assemblies: Understanding of the basic
principles utilized in the appropriate selection of construction
materials, products, components, and assemblies, based on
their inherent characteristics and performance, including their
environmental impact and reuse.

11. THE PROJECT CYCLE

12. The Project Cycle

14. 14
The role of
architects in
building design
throughout
history.

15. 15
100 %
48 %
35 %

16. 16
An excellent
architect is able
to understand
the design
requirements and
the system
interrelationship
along with the
building code
requirement.

17. WORKING DRAWINGS

18. Drawings
They generally contain:
 site and building plans,
 elevations,
 sections,
 details,
 diagrams, and
 schedules

19. Example
• For small projects, working drawings and details can be
integrated in small number of sheets.

20. Example
• For medium projects, a sufficient number of drawings
need to be developed to cover all the required details.

21. SITE PLAN
• The site plan should show
the location of the building in
relation to the site
boundaries.
• All landscape elements,
streets and pedestrian
walkways should be indicated
and dimensioned.
• A reference point should be
identified to related the
building to GPS.

22. PLANS
• All plans should be
drawn scale 1;100
showing centerlines,
walls, openings,
external dimensions,
internal dimensions,
materials, etc.

23. SECTIONS
• Sections should illustrate vertical information including levels,
materials, dimensions, corresponding centerlines and details
cross-referencing.

24. ELEVATIONS
• Elevations should illustrate exterior finishing materials, levels,
dimensions, centerlines, and details cross-referencing.

25. WALL SECTIONS
• Wall sections
illustrate exterior
façade design
detailing. They are
extremely
important
illustration to
ensure the final
apperance of the
design.

26. Working Drawings
Highlights

27. Plans

28. Plans
All necessary dimensions

29. Plans
Stair symbols

30. PlansWindow and door identification marks

31. PlansTitles or numbers for all rooms & spaces

32. PlansMaterials symbols

33. Plans
Levels

34. Plans
All structural features

35. Plans
Bath Rooms

36. SectionsShow interior features

37. Sections
Show complete vertical dimensions

38. Sections
Indicate materials

39. Elevations
Grid lines

40. ElevationsAll necessary dimensions

41. Elevations
Slabs Levels

42. Elevations
Materials

43. StairsDetails

44. StairsDetails

45. Wall Sections
• Show all materials in
their proper location
and thickness.
• Tie the section into
the cross-reference
system

46. DRAWINGS FORMAT

47. Drawings
Sequence and sheet Formats
Organization:
 Site work
 Architectural drawings
 Structural
 Mechanical
 Plumbing
 Electrical
 Any special disciplines COVER
SHEET

48. Drawings
Sequence and sheet Formats
Standards:
 Sheet size
 Layout
 Title blocks

49. Each module is
identified by a letter
and a number.
Drawing may comprise
one or more modules.
Module identification
is established by the
coordinates for the
lower left hand
corner of the module.
A
B
C
D
1 2 3 4 5
A
B
C
D
1 2 3 4 5
MODULE C4
Drawing Sheet Coordinate System

50. Drawing modules
containing graphic
or textural info
are called drawing
blocks.
DRAWING BLOCKS
Drawing Blocks
Drawing Blocks

51. The Note Block
is the module or
modules in the
drawing area for
General Notes,
Keynotes, and
Key Plans.
Note Blocks
Note Blocks

52. Title Block Area
Margins
Same as Drawing Area
Formats
Horizontal Text
Vertical Text
Data Blocks
Designer Identification
Project ID Block
Issue Block
Management Block
Sheet Title Block
Sheet ID Block

53. Horizontal Text Format:
Title block text is oriented
parallel to the bottom of the
sheet.
The horizontal text format is
the most commonly used, and
is the preferred format.
Title Block Formats
Title Block Format (1)

54. Vertical Text Format:
Title block text is oriented
parallel to the right side of the
sheet.
Sheet title and sheet ID
remain oriented parallel to the
bottom of the sheet.
Title Block Formats

55. Title Block
Area
Drawing Area
Production
Data Area
Basic Sheet Layout

56. Graphic &
Notation Area
Column Grid & Dimension Area
Title Area
Drawing blocks that contain
plans, elevations, sections, and
details are organized in a
format that includes the
elements shown.
Margin
Drawing Module
Lines
Drawing Block Format

57. XXXXX
XX
XXXXX
XXX
SECTION
C3
X:X
GRID
XXXX
XXX XX XX
XXXX
XXXXXXX
Drawing Block Format - Sample
A sample drawing block
showing a simple plan layout.
Note the column grid and
dimension area (shaded), the
graphic and notation area, the
drawing block title area, and
the margins.

58. DRAWING SYMBOLS
Lines
Object Lines
Dimension/Extension Lines
Hidden/Invisible Lines
Center LinesCL

59. DRAWING SYMBOLS
Graphic Symbols - General
Wall Section
Detail Section
Building Section
Revision Marker
4
A-6
7
A-5
BB
A-4
6

65. 2 1 0 2 4
Graphic Scales
Sheet Keynote
Room Identifier
3
101
VESTIBULE
D2
A-512
Detail Indicator
Column Grid
Indicator
2
Reference Symbols
refer reader to another part of the
document
Examples:

66. The Note Block
is the module or
modules in the
drawing area for
General Notes,
Keynotes, and
Key Plans.
Note Blocks
Note Blocks

67. GENERAL SHEET
NOTES
1. IIII II III III IIII IIII
2. II III II II IIIII III
3. II IIIII II IIII IIIIII
4. I II IIII III IIIIIII II
5. III I II IIII IIIII III
REFERENCE
KEYNOTES
IIIII.I III III IIII II
IIIII.I II II IIIII II
IIIII.I I II IIII III
IIIII.I III IIIIIII II
IIIII.I IIII IIIII III
SHEET
KEYNOTES
1 III III IIII II
2 III III II II IIII
3 IIII II I II IIII
Sheet Keynotes
Order of
Sequence:
General Notes
Reference Notes
Sheet Keynotes

68. Drawings
CONDOC SYSTEM
GGeneral project requirements
Site work
TS Topographic survey
SB Soil borings data
SD Site demolition
C Civil
L Landscaping

69. Drawings
CONDOC SYSTEM
Major disciplines
S Structural
M Mechanical
P Plumbing
FP Fire Protections
E Electrical

70. Drawings
CONDOC SYSTEM
Special elements
ID Interior design
FS Food service
SG Signage/graphics
FF Furniture/furnishings
AA Asbestos abatement
Etc.

71. Drawings
CONDOC SYSTEM
Major disciplines
A Architecture
A000, A001, etc. Schedules, master keynote, legend,
general notes
A100, A101, etc. Plans
A200, A201, etc. Exterior elevations, Sections
A300, A301, etc. Vertical circulation, core plan and details
A400, A401, etc. Reflected ceiling plans, details
A500, A501, etc. Exterior envelope, details
A600, A601, etc. Architecture interiors

72. Drawings
Title Block
 Name, address, and phone number of the architectural firm
 Project title and address
 Owner's name and address
 Drawing title and sheet number
 Names and addresses of consultants
 Notation of who worked on the drawing, including cjecking
 Dates drawings were issued (such as for bid, permit, and
construction)
 Dates of revisions
 Architect's seal and signature (when required)
 Copyright information

73. Drawings
Drawings should also include the basic
information required to orient the user, such
as:
 Key plans (showing location of partial plans in
relation to the whole)
 North arrows
 Scales for drawings (graphic scales are
normally included in case drawings are
reduced or CAD generated)

74. Drawings
The Cartooning Process
Most firms lay out the drawings very early in the
project.
 To establish roughly how many and what kinds
of plans, sections, elevations, details,
schedules, and other graphic elements will be
prepared.
 Scale and size on sheet
 Order
 Interrelationships
COVER
SHEET

75. WD CARTOON SET Assignment
• Use A4 size paper to develop a rough sketch of your WD set.
• Determine the order of drawings and number ( __ of __ )
• Sketch by hand the rough size of each drawing on each sheet
• Determine the scale needed
• Convert the real dimensions of the building drawings to the
desired scale and show on your papers
• Make sure that all drawing fit on the size sheet plottable area
• Label each drawing, include the scale
• Add north arrow when appropriate
• Add descriptive text if known (such as window sill detail, east
elevation, etc.)
• Add sheet names, numbers, and drawing title in the border

76. COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN

77. Computer Aided Design

80. Sample Project

87. Example
An Architectural Studio in
A College of Engineering Building

88. Architectural Plan

89. Structural Plan

90. Furniture

91. Reflected Ceiling

92. Tiling

93. Lighting Layout

94. HVAC

95. Fire Protection

96. Wall Section

97. Wall Section

98. Wall Section

99. Partial Elevation

100. END