3. Current scenario of cold supply chain
• Currently, the Indian cold chain market is worth $3 billion.
• The market is expected to grow to $12.4 billion by the end
of 2015.
• Cumulative capacity of India is nearly 25 million tonnes,
resulting in loss of about 40% of the agri-produce post-
harvest.
• Uttar Pradesh has the maximum 1,579 numbers of cold
chains followed by West Bengal at the second place with
531 cold storages, Maharashtra 460 and Punjab 420.
• The current market demand is 10 times more than what we
have today.
4. Definition
Definition:
Cold chain is a logistic system that provides a series of
facilities for maintaining ideal storage conditions for
perishables from the point of origin to the point of
consumption.
• It extend and ensure the shelf life of products such as fresh
agricultural produce, seafood, frozen food, chemicals and
pharmaceutical drugs.
• Cold chain retains the longevity of product characteristics,
active ingredients, freshness, nutritive value.
5. Segments of cold supply chain
• Storage surface
Refrigerated warehouses for storage of temperature
sensitive products.
• Refrigerated Transportation
Reefer trucks, containers, ships and trains for transport of
temperature sensitive products.
6. Key activities
• Procurement
Involves activities such as aggregation, grading , sorting ,
pre‐cooling, packaging farms or manufacturers.
• Transportation
It includes all activities related to transportation of
produce to the market from farms or manufacturing
location.
7. Objective of cold supply chain
• Reduce costs
• Improve product integrity
• Increase customer satisfaction
• Reduce wastage and returns of expired stock
10. Cold supply chain logistic process (continue...)
• Pre-cooling facilities
• Cold Storages
• Refrigerated Carriers
• Packaging
• Warehousing
• Information Management systems (Traceability and
Tracking etc.)
11. Players of cold chain
Snowman R.K. Foodland
Carriers Trans cold chain
Crystal Sensitech
Refcon Fresh &
Bulkani deep freeze Healthy(Concor)
Glacio cold chain Weber distribution
GATI (Kausar) Apollo Everest Kool
Solutions, And Many
more
12. Drivers of cold supply chain
• Growth in organized retail
• Shift towards horticultural crops
• Growth in processed food sector
• Demand from pharmaceutical sector
• Changing consumption pattern
13. The most common Temperature Standards
• Banana (13 °C)
• Chill (2 °C)
• Frozen (-18 °C)
• Deep Frozen (-29 °C)
14. The major cold chain technologies
1. Dry ice
• Solid carbon dioxide, is about -80°C and is capable of keeping a shipment frozen
for an extended period of time.
• It’s used for the shipping of pharmaceuticals, dangerous goods and foodstuffs.
• Dry ice does not melt, instead it sublimates when it comes in contact with air.
2. Gel packs
• Gel packs are used to Chilled products like Pharmaceutical and Medicinal
product shipments.
• Gel packs contain phase changing substances that can go from solid to liquid
and vice versa to control an environment at a temperature range between 2°C
and 8°C.
3. Eutectic plates
• The principle is similar to gel packs. Instead, plates are filled with a liquid and
can be reused many times.
15. The major cold chain technologies (continue...)
4. Liquid nitrogen
• Liquid nitrogen is an especially cold substance, of about -196°C.
• It is used to keep packages frozen over a long period of time.
• Its mainly used to transport biological cargo such as tissues and organs.
5. Quilts
• It’s an insulated pieces that are placed over or around freight to act as buffer in
temperature variations and to maintain the temperature relatively constant.
• Its used to keep Freight frozen for a longer time period.
• Quilts can also be used to keep temperature sensitive freight at room
temperature while outside conditions can substantially vary (e.g. during the
summer or the winter)
6. Reefers
• It’s a Generic name for a temperature controlled container, which can be a van,
small truck, a semi or a standard ISO container.
• Perishable or temperature sensitive items are carried in refrigerated containers
(called "reefers").
16. Challenges in cold supply chain
• Rising Real Estate Cost
• Location for Cold Storage
• Lack of Proper Infrastructure
• High Energy Cost
• Uneven Distribution of Capacity
• The cold storages present in India can cater to single
commodities only
• FDI Restrictions in Retail
17. Phases for cold chain shipment and logistics
• Shipment preparation
• Modal Choice
• Custom procedures
• The “Last Mile”
• Integrity and Quality assurance
