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Xen on ARM
Stefano Stabellini
What is Xen?
● a type-1 hypervisor
● small footprint (less than 90K LOC)
Xen: Open Source
GPLv2 with DCO (like Linux)
Diverse contributor community
Xen: Open Source
source:
Mike Day
http://code.ncultra.org
Xen: the gears of the cloud
● large user base
more than 10 million individuals users

● power the largest clouds in
production
● not just for servers
Xen Architecture
Dom0

DomU

DomU

DomU

PV backends

PV Frontends

PV Frontends

PV Frontends

HW drivers

Xen
Hardware
Xen Architecture:
driver domains

Toolstack

Disk Driver
Domain

Network
Driver Domain

DomU

BlockBack

Dom0

NetBack

BlockFront

Disk Driver

Network Driver

NetFront

Xen
Hardware
Xen Architecture:
driver domains
● disaggregation and componentization
● security and isolation
● resilience
● hardware vendors can run their drivers in
separate VMs
○ could run in a RTOS environment
○ hidden from the user
■ media codecs, crypto keys, etc.
Xen on ARM: not just a port
● a lean and simple architecture
○
○
○
○
○

removed cruft accumulated during the years
no emulation, no QEMU
use PV drivers for IO as early as possible
one type of guest
exploit the hardware as much as possible

● a very good match for the hardware
● clean architecture = small code base
Xen on ARM architecture
Xen on ARM architecture
Code size
sometimes smaller is better
Common

ARMv7

ARMv8

Total

xen/arch/arm

5,122

1,969

821

7,912

C

5,023

406

344

5,773

99

1,563

477

2,139

2,315

563

666

3,544

2,532 1,487

11,456

ASM
xen/include/asm-arm

TOTAL

7,437

● X86_64-bit: ~120,000LOC (~4,000 ASM)
● ARM code ~= 1/10 x86_64 code
Achievements of one year
Xen support for ARM
upstream in Linux 3.7

Xen support for ARM64
upstream in Linux 3.11

Xen 64-bit
on ARM64

You are here
11/11

08/12 09/12

Part-time Xen ARM
hacking starts

11/12

Xen running on real
ARM hardware

First Xen on ARM talk at
Xen Summit 2012

01/13

03/13

Citrix announces
that will be joining
Linaro

06/13

07/13

Xen 4.3 released with
ARM and ARM64
support
A growing community
Xen-devel ARM traffic from August 2012:
● 4685 emails: 360 emails per month!
● 39% of which are not from Citrix
Hardware support
Upstream:
● Versatile Express Cortex A15
● Arndale board
● ARMv8 FVP
In progress:
●
●
●
●
●

Cubieboard2
Calxeda “Midway”
Applied Micro “Mustang”
Broadcom Brahma-B15
OMAP5
Porting Xen to a new board
● Xen only relies on GIC and GT
● platform specific code in Xen is reduced to:
○ secondary cpus bring up
○ UART drivers
○ any platform specific bootup quirks (ideally none)
Upstream features
Xen v4.3:
● basic lifecycle operations
● memory ballooning
● scheduler configurations and vcpu pinning
Linux v3.11:
● dom0 and domU support
● 32-bit and 64-bit support
● SMP support
● PV disk, network and console
Android on Xen on ARM
● Android is based on the Linux kernel
○ Jelly Bean uses Linux 3.4, when it updates to 3.7 will
get Xen on ARM support out of the box

● Additional work needed to support client
devices (compass, GPS, etc.) on multiple
VMs
○ easy to export 1 device to 1 VM
○ otherwise each type of device needs a PV drivers
pair
PV Protocols
Backend

Request Producer

Frontend

Request Consumer

Response
Consumer

Response Producer
PV Protocols
●
●
●
●
●

shared ring protocol
software interrupts AKA event channels
consensual memory sharing: grant table
easy to write
plenty of examples
○ network, block, console, PCI, keyboard, mouse,
framebuffer, sound, SCSI, USB, …
Porting other OSes to Xen
on ARM
● No invasive modifications needed
● only some new drivers:
○ grant table, xenbus and event channels
○ PV drivers for network, block, console, etc.

● BSD drivers already exist in NetBSD and
FreeBSD, can they be reused?
● FreeBSD port to Xen on ARM in progress
Coming in Xen 4.4
● 64-bit guest support
● live-migration
● SWIOTLB
A look into the future
●
●
●
●

IOMMU support in Xen
device assignment
UEFI booting
ACPI support
Xen for automotive: why?
● type-1
● small footprint
○ small codebase
○ no QEMU, no emulation

● driver domains / service VMs
○ componentization
○ security
○ support for legacy drivers

● supports Linux out of the box
● easy to port other OSes to Xen on ARM
More Information
● http://www.xenproject.org
● Xen on ARM @wiki.xenproject.org goo.
gl/FKNXe
● http://lists.xen.org/mailman/listinfo/xen-devel
Questions?
ALSF13: Xen on ARM - Virtualization for the Automotive Industry - Stefano Stabellini, Citrix

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ALSF13: Xen on ARM - Virtualization for the Automotive Industry - Stefano Stabellini, Citrix

  • 1. Xen on ARM Stefano Stabellini
  • 2. What is Xen? ● a type-1 hypervisor ● small footprint (less than 90K LOC)
  • 3. Xen: Open Source GPLv2 with DCO (like Linux) Diverse contributor community
  • 4. Xen: Open Source source: Mike Day http://code.ncultra.org
  • 5. Xen: the gears of the cloud ● large user base more than 10 million individuals users ● power the largest clouds in production ● not just for servers
  • 6. Xen Architecture Dom0 DomU DomU DomU PV backends PV Frontends PV Frontends PV Frontends HW drivers Xen Hardware
  • 7. Xen Architecture: driver domains Toolstack Disk Driver Domain Network Driver Domain DomU BlockBack Dom0 NetBack BlockFront Disk Driver Network Driver NetFront Xen Hardware
  • 8. Xen Architecture: driver domains ● disaggregation and componentization ● security and isolation ● resilience ● hardware vendors can run their drivers in separate VMs ○ could run in a RTOS environment ○ hidden from the user ■ media codecs, crypto keys, etc.
  • 9. Xen on ARM: not just a port ● a lean and simple architecture ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ removed cruft accumulated during the years no emulation, no QEMU use PV drivers for IO as early as possible one type of guest exploit the hardware as much as possible ● a very good match for the hardware ● clean architecture = small code base
  • 10. Xen on ARM architecture
  • 11. Xen on ARM architecture
  • 12. Code size sometimes smaller is better Common ARMv7 ARMv8 Total xen/arch/arm 5,122 1,969 821 7,912 C 5,023 406 344 5,773 99 1,563 477 2,139 2,315 563 666 3,544 2,532 1,487 11,456 ASM xen/include/asm-arm TOTAL 7,437 ● X86_64-bit: ~120,000LOC (~4,000 ASM) ● ARM code ~= 1/10 x86_64 code
  • 13. Achievements of one year Xen support for ARM upstream in Linux 3.7 Xen support for ARM64 upstream in Linux 3.11 Xen 64-bit on ARM64 You are here 11/11 08/12 09/12 Part-time Xen ARM hacking starts 11/12 Xen running on real ARM hardware First Xen on ARM talk at Xen Summit 2012 01/13 03/13 Citrix announces that will be joining Linaro 06/13 07/13 Xen 4.3 released with ARM and ARM64 support
  • 14. A growing community Xen-devel ARM traffic from August 2012: ● 4685 emails: 360 emails per month! ● 39% of which are not from Citrix
  • 15. Hardware support Upstream: ● Versatile Express Cortex A15 ● Arndale board ● ARMv8 FVP In progress: ● ● ● ● ● Cubieboard2 Calxeda “Midway” Applied Micro “Mustang” Broadcom Brahma-B15 OMAP5
  • 16. Porting Xen to a new board ● Xen only relies on GIC and GT ● platform specific code in Xen is reduced to: ○ secondary cpus bring up ○ UART drivers ○ any platform specific bootup quirks (ideally none)
  • 17. Upstream features Xen v4.3: ● basic lifecycle operations ● memory ballooning ● scheduler configurations and vcpu pinning Linux v3.11: ● dom0 and domU support ● 32-bit and 64-bit support ● SMP support ● PV disk, network and console
  • 18. Android on Xen on ARM ● Android is based on the Linux kernel ○ Jelly Bean uses Linux 3.4, when it updates to 3.7 will get Xen on ARM support out of the box ● Additional work needed to support client devices (compass, GPS, etc.) on multiple VMs ○ easy to export 1 device to 1 VM ○ otherwise each type of device needs a PV drivers pair
  • 19. PV Protocols Backend Request Producer Frontend Request Consumer Response Consumer Response Producer
  • 20. PV Protocols ● ● ● ● ● shared ring protocol software interrupts AKA event channels consensual memory sharing: grant table easy to write plenty of examples ○ network, block, console, PCI, keyboard, mouse, framebuffer, sound, SCSI, USB, …
  • 21. Porting other OSes to Xen on ARM ● No invasive modifications needed ● only some new drivers: ○ grant table, xenbus and event channels ○ PV drivers for network, block, console, etc. ● BSD drivers already exist in NetBSD and FreeBSD, can they be reused? ● FreeBSD port to Xen on ARM in progress
  • 22. Coming in Xen 4.4 ● 64-bit guest support ● live-migration ● SWIOTLB
  • 23. A look into the future ● ● ● ● IOMMU support in Xen device assignment UEFI booting ACPI support
  • 24. Xen for automotive: why? ● type-1 ● small footprint ○ small codebase ○ no QEMU, no emulation ● driver domains / service VMs ○ componentization ○ security ○ support for legacy drivers ● supports Linux out of the box ● easy to port other OSes to Xen on ARM
  • 25. More Information ● http://www.xenproject.org ● Xen on ARM @wiki.xenproject.org goo. gl/FKNXe ● http://lists.xen.org/mailman/listinfo/xen-devel