1. Wyatt Hilyard
M. Scoggin
ANTH 410
2/15/2013
Annotated Bibliography
Some of the articles in this bibliography were drawn from items of interest from previous
classes, others were not. My work as an anthropologist is, up until this point, purely academic. I have
not yet done any field work in my area of interest, primatology, though I hope to continue onto field
school or some other form of field work. As such, many of my articles are primate-based. I have always
found Sue Savage-Rumbaugh's work interesting, though I had not had any real direct knowledge of her
publications until recently. One of Karen Strier's books was used as the textbook for my primatology
class, which prompted me to research her work more in-depth. Though Frans de Waal is somewhat
controversial within anthropology due to his data collection methods (his bonobo field work was done
almost exclusively in captivity) I included him because he has been gaining traction in the popular
media over the last few years.
Athough my main interest is primatology, I do have quite a few cultural sources. I actually
surprised myself at how many cultural articles I found myself drawn to, particularly George Ayittey and
various critiques of his work. In a class last year, we watched the TED Talk I included and I loved his
ideas of internal mending for the continent of Africa. It was interesting to read reviews of his work;
there are many criticisms of his ideology and methodology.

2. Appadurai, Arjun. “Putting Hierarchy in Its Place.” Cultural Anthropology 3.1 (1988): 36–49. Web. 15
Feb. 2013. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/656307>.
Discusses hierarchy in an ethnographic sense. It is largely a critique and modernization of various
anthropologists' work, focusing on Dumont. Appadurai presents three different angles by which to
think about hierarchy in a specific culture.
Appadurai, Arjun. “Theory in Anthropology: Center and Periphery.” Comparative Studies in Society
and History 28.2 (1986): 356–361. Web. 15 Feb. 2013. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/178976>.
A critique of the concept of cultural relativism, and plays with the idea that “some others are more
other than others.” He uses Ortner's work quite a bit to compare and contrast.
Ayittey, George B.N., The Fund for Peace, and Pauline H. Baker. “Africa Fails Again.” Foreign Policy
174 (2009): 14–16. Web. 15 Feb. 2013. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/20684908>.
This is a publication of two articles: Ayittey's initial article and Baker's reply. Ayittey's perspective is
from an internal lens (he's Ghana-born) and he believes the continent has too many “'educated'
buffoons” in power that don't know how or don't want to distribute wealth and power fairly. His
summation of the continent's fate is “gloomy” according to Baker, who cites several resolved conflicts
and steps in the right direction.
Bermudez, Esmeralda. “In L.A., Speaking ‘Mexican’ to Fit In.” Los Angeles Times 3 Nov. 2008. Web.
15 Feb. 2013. <http://articles.latimes.com/2008/nov/03/local/me-salvadoran3>.
A newspaper article, but an important reminder that aspects of racism and social issues that cultural
anthropologists discuss are, in fact, real world issues. Sometimes anthropology gets a little too
“armchair” and forgets that real people are being affected daily by social issues.
Boas, Franz. “Individual, Family, Population, and Race.” Proceedings of the American Philosophical
Society 87.2 (1943): 161–164. Web. 15 Feb. 2013. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/985093>.
Lays out Boas's definitions of the title terms. I felt a Boas entry was important because of his
contribution to the field of cultural anthropology and the fact that some of his ideas still live on in
modern theories.
Clapham, Christopher. Review of Ayittey's “Africa in Chaos.” International Affairs (Royal Institute of
International Affairs 1944-) 75.1 (1999): 181–182. Web. 15 Feb. 2013.
<http://www.jstor.org/stable/2625527>.
For the most part, Clapham agrees with Ayittey's views on Africa's problems and their causes. He takes
issue with the anecdote-based nature of the original article, and the fact that his assumptions are based
on an idealized view of African pre-colonial history.
de Waal, Frans B. M. “The Communicative Repertoire of Captive Bonobos (Pan Paniscus), Compared
to That of Chimpanzees.” Behaviour 106.3/4 (1988): 183–251. Web. 15 Feb. 2013.
<http://www.jstor.org/stable/4534707.>.
Compares and contrasts the modes of communication of captive bonobos against those of chimpanzees.
Has some great tables of the time budgets of the individuals he was studying.
de Waal, Frans B. M. “Complementary Methods and Convergent Evidence in the Study of Primate
Social Cognition.” Behaviour 118.3/4 (1991): 297–320. Web. 15 Feb. 2013.
<http://www.jstor.org/stable/4534969>.
Covers the state of primate social cognition studies at the time. Includes some interesting methodology
and theory.

3. George Ayittey on Cheetahs Vs. Hippos. Video on TED.com. Film.
<http://www.ted.com/talks/george_ayittey_on_cheetahs_vs_hippos.html>.
Ayittey's main point is that Africa, as a continent, needs to stop accepting foreign aid and start fixing
itself from the inside. He claims that those in power are not doing anything/enough to help their people,
and the trickle-down method does not work.
Just, Peter. “Time and Leisure in the Elaboration of Culture.” Journal of Anthropological Research 36.1
(1980): 105–115. Web. 15 Feb. 2013. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/3629555>.
Discusses the importance of leisure time in hunter-gatherer societies. He postulates that as the act of
subsistence took more time to accomplish, the time that was left became more precious and valuable.
King, Barbara J. “Is Fieldwork Feminine?” The Women’s Review of Books 8.9 (1991): 19–20. Web. 15
Feb. 2013. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/4021030.>.
A critique of a book on the “Leakey's Angels.” The book's author claims the three women had a
different approach to primatology than their male contemporaries. King generally agrees with the
author that improving the ways in which humans interact with and endanger animals and their
environments was more important to those three women than social status or scientific recognition.
Lemarchand, Rene. Review of Ayittey's “Africa in Chaos” African Studies Review 41.2 (1998): 188–
190. Web. 15 Feb. 2013. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/524854>.
A very interesting, very critical review of Ayittey's article and work. He takes the hole in data that
Clapham saw and runs with it. He claims that Ayittey picks and chooses examples that fit his view of
the “vampire state” and completely ignores all the examples against it. Lemarchand's last line
wonderfully sums up his thoughts of Ayittey: “Whether he himself qualifies as an intellectual is what
remains in doubt.”
McGrew, W. C. “New Wine in New Bottles: Prospects and Pitfalls of Cultural Primatology.” Journal of
Anthropological Research 63.2 (2007): 167–183. Web. 15 Feb. 2013.
<http://www.jstor.org/stable/20371148>.
Focuses on the issues that arise when studying cultural primatology, specifically with chimpanzee
populations. Tackles the issues of essentially ethnographic research on another species, and speculates
that over time we may be able to hone methodology and theory to properly deal with those subjects.
Rabinow, Paul. “Beyond Ethnography: Anthropology as Nominalism.” Cultural Anthropology 3.4
(1988): 355–364. Web. 15 Feb. 2013. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/656482>.
Rodman, P. S. “Whither Primatology? The Place of Primates in Contemporary Anthropology.” Annual
Review of Anthropology 28 (1999): 311–339. Web. 15 Feb. 2013.
<http://www.jstor.org/stable/223397>.
Provides another view of primatology's place in anthropology. Provides the same kind of history that
Strier does, but adds sections of interesting ecology data. Covers almost all aspects of primate life and
uses examples of specific species.
Savage-Rumbaugh, E. Sue et al. “The Capacity of Animals to Acquire Language: Do Species
Differences Have Anything to Say to Us?” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of
London. Series B, Biological Sciences 308.1135 (1985): 177–185. Web. 15 Feb. 2013.
<http://www.jstor.org/stable/2396292>.
Starts by covering the history of attempting to teach apes language. She overviews her own research of

4. the famous bonobo, Kanzi, and his ability to understand spoken English and communicate back by use
of graphic symbols. She stresses that apes do not have the vocal chord range to actually speak language
as humans do.
Savage-Rumbaugh, E. Sue, and Duane M. Rumbaugh. “Ape Language Research Is Alive and Well: A
Reply.” Anthropos 77.3/4 (1982): 568–573. Web. 15 Feb. 2013.
<http://www.jstor.org/stable/40460489.>.
In this very well structured response article, Savage-Rumbaugh and Rumbaugh provide individual
responses to eight assertions made in the original Umiker-Sebok/Sebok article. The original article used
the Clever Hans experiments to make broad assumptions about the concept of teaching animals to
communicate with humans. The authors of the reply demonstrate that their research is much more
scientifically valid and serious than the earlier explorations.
Silk, Joan B. “Using the ‘F’-Word in Primatology.” Behaviour 139.2/3 (2002): 421–446. Web. 15 Feb.
2013. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/4535929>.
Critiques the use of anthropomorphic terms in primatology. The F-word referred to in the title, and
throughout the article, is friendship. I assumed she would be against anthropomorphizing, but she
seems to be for it given there is closer attention paid to methodology.
Strier, Karen B. “Primate Behavioral Ecology: From Ethnography to Ethology and Back.” American
Anthropologist 105.1 (2003): 16–27. Web. 15 Feb. 2013.
<http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1525/aa.2003.105.1.16/abstract>.
In-depth coverage of primatology's history and ethnographic roots. Very good basis for primatologists
about their field.
Strier, Karen B. “Why Anthropology Needs Primatology.” General Anthropology 18.1 (2011): 1–8.
Web. 15 Feb. 2013. <http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1939-
3466.2011.00002.x/abstract>.
Defends the discipline of primatology within the umbrella of anthropology; helps answer the question
of why non-humans should be included in a field that studies humans. Provides an interesting history of
primatology as a biological science.
Wadley, Reed L., Carol J. Pierce Colfer, and Ian G. Hood. “Hunting Primates and Managing Forests:
The Case of Iban Forest Farmers in Indonesian Borneo.” Human Ecology 25.2 (1997): 243–
271. Web. 15 Feb. 2013. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/4603238>.
Contains some very detailed data about the hunting patterns of Iban farmers. The focus of the article is
on primates, and how often they are singled out as opposed to other large mammals.