Managing Catastrophic Risks - Satoru Nishikawa
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‘There’s enough scientific knowledge to reduce suffering, but it’s not being adequately applied.’ - Satoru Nishikawa
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Managing Catastrophic Risks - Satoru Nishikawa
- 2. Ranking of Earthquakes 20-21st Century Strong Earthquakes Deadly Earthquakes Year Place Magnitude Year Place Casualties 1960 Chili 9.5 1976 China Tangshan 242800 1964 Alaska 9.2 1920 China Ningxia 235502 2004 Indonesia Sumatra 9.1 2004 Indonesia Sumatra 227898 2011 East Japan 9.0 2010 Haiti 222500 1952 Kamchatka 9.0 1923 Japan Kanto 105000 2010 Chili 8.8 2008 China Sichuan 87587 1906 Ecuador 8.8 2005 Pakistan, Afghanistan 86000 1965 Alaska Aleutian Islands 8.7 1908 Italy Sicily 82000 2005 Indonesia Sumatra 8.6 1927 China Gansu 80000 1950 Tibet, Assam 8.6 1970 Peru 66794 1957 Alaska Aleutian Islands 8.6 ・ ・ ・ 2011 East Japan 20001
- 3. Hazards Confronting Vulnerable Communities Cause Disasters Disasters Hazard Vulnerability (risk assessment) (societal conditions) 3
- 4. Less Disasters Disasters Hazard Vulnerability (risk assessment) (societal conditions) 4
- 5. Four Phases of Disaster Reduction Pre-Disaster Prevention & Mitigation Preparedness Post-Disaster Response Recovery & Reconstruction
- 6. Real-time Earthquake Early Warning issued 8.6 seconds after the first quake Earthquake! Primary Pressure Few Sec’s wave travels much faster than Several Sec’s the Epicenter Secondary Shake 15 seconds to Sendai wave Japan Met Agency issues EEW and is aired on TV, Radio and cell phones 65 seconds to Tokyo Protect yourself before the main shake comes!
- 7. NHK Broadcasting on March 11 14:46 Emergency! Earthquake Early Warning Live coverage of National Diet Session was being aired. Suddenly the special alarm sound sets off and the special screen broke in.
- 8. Tohoku Shinkansen (Bullet Train) immediately stopped No derailment, No fatalities, No injuries. Epicenter P-wave detected Power-off Emergency Seismo- Electricity Power Brake meter Transformer S-wave Shinkansen running at 270km/h. Safe Stop!
- 9. NHK Broadcasting on March 11 14:48 Changed screen to live coverage from the automated camera in Sendai City. Cut out from the live coverage of National Diet Session
- 10. 14:49 JMA issues first Tsunami Warning to Pacific coast of Japan NHK Broadcasting on March 11 14:50 Tsunami Warning Screen Aired 15:14 JMA upgrades Tsunami Warning based on the off shore GPS buoy sea level observation. NHK immediately airs screen.
- 11. Tsunami Warning → Run! Disaster Education Tested! Elementary Junior High Junior high school students helping elementary school children to run to high grounds in Kamaishi City.
- 12. Massive Evacuation ! Emergency Sirens for Elementary School on hilltop Tsunami Warning Signs of Tsunami Evacuation Building Approx. 500,000 people in the Tsunami inundated area. Majority escaped. But 20,000 did not make it! Photos by ADRC (including 276 firefighters in duty)
- 13. Success & Failure of Mitigation Structures Great Watergate of Fudai 15.5m high, engineered to withstand the 1896 tsunami. All villagers safe. Photo by Nihon Keizai Shinbun Great Tsunami Levee of Taroo 10m high, engineered to withstand the 1933 tsunami. Tsunami overran. Catastrophic Photo by Nikkei Construction damage.
- 14. Lessons to be shared for future generations December 2004
- 15. Lessons to be shared for future generations September 2005
- 16. Lessons to be shared for future generations March 2011 Safe high grounds