High quality, low foaming stabilizer based on natural minerals, especially for use in the discontinuous bleaching of cotton and cotton blended fabrics. Features:  Complete, balanced bleaching assistant for single stage bleaching  Excellent stabilizer for hydrogen peroxide  excellent levels of whiteness  enables optimum fluidities to be achieved  Good cleansing effect of cotton through special washing mechanism  Inherent lubrication properties, ensure good running of fabric during bleach process  Low foaming  APEO free  Eco---friendly

2.  The textile industry is constantly searching
for environmentally friendly solutions.
 Over the years a lot of chemical
components have been replaced
(Phosphates, Nonyl phenols etc) in the
textile industry.
 The demand for low COD and BOD values,
reduced levels of MBAS and BiAS and easily
biodegradable products was the reason to
search for alternative sources.

3. Elements of Earth
8.32 kms crust
% by weight in crust
O = 49.2
Si = 25.7
Al = 7.5
Fe = 4.7
Ca = 3.4
Na = 2.6
K = 2.4
Mg = 1.9
other = 2.6
12500 km dia
Geotechnical engineers are interested mainly in the top 100 metres of the earth
crust. As you can see from the table, 82% of the elements are oxygen, silicon and
aluminium.

4. Soil Formation
Parent Rock
Residual soil Transported soil
~ in situ weathering (by
physical & chemical agents) of
parent rock
~ weathered and
transported far away
by wind, water and ice.

6. Parent Rock
~ formed by one of these three different processes
igneous sedimentary metamorphic
formed by cooling of
molten magma (lava)
e.g. granite
formed by gradual
deposition, and in layers
e.g. limestone, shale
formed by alteration of
igneous & sedimentary
rocks by pressure/
temperature
e.g. marble

7. Mother earth supplies us with a large variety of minerals.
Approx. 4000 different minerals are known worldwide, most of them are very
nice but not all of them can be used for technical purposes.
Rosa Quartz Roselite Biotite Kaolinite Rosasite Topaz
99% of the earth is composed out of only 8 minerals.
The mineral group of silicates is the most important and well known for:
- Clays (Aluminium/Metal oxides + Silicium dioxide)
- Zeolites (Aluminium/Metal oxides + Silicium dioxide)
- Silicate (Metal oxides + Silicium dioxide)

8. Clay minerals are made of two distinct structural units.
oxygen
0.29 nm
aluminium
or
magnesium
hydroxyl
or oxygen
silicon
0.26 nm
Silicon tetrahedron Aluminium Octahedron
All clay minerals are made of two distinct building blocks:
tetrahedrons and octahedrons. The tetrahedron on the left has
oxygen atoms at the corners, and there is a silicon in the
centre. Octahedron has six oxygen or hydroxyl atoms in the
corners, and an aluminium or magnesium ion at the centre.

16. Depending on the type and quantity of metal oxide, the ratio with
SiO2 and the specific crystalline structure, different types of CLAY
are known such as:
- Kaolin : Aluminium oxide
- Smectite : Aluminium- and Magnesium oxide
- Vermiculite : Aluminium- and Magnesium oxide
- Illite : Aluminium-, Magnesium- and
Potassium oxide
- Hectorite : Magnesium- and Lithium oxide

17. •Clay mainly consists of SiO2 and Al2O3
•Other ions may be present Mg, Ca, Fe, Li, Mn,…..
•Some clays can stabilize H2O2 bleaches

18. •3-Layer Silicate
•Small particle size
•Sheet Structure
•Delaminating of layers by simple dispersing
•High specific surface area(upto 750m2
/g
after dispersed
•Negative charge on the surface, cationic
charge at border
•Inner crystalline capability of swelling

19. substitution of Si4+
and Al3+
by other
lower valence (e.g., Mg2+
) cations
results in charge imbalance (net negative)
+
+
+
+ +
+
+
__
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
positively charged edges
negatively charged faces
Clay Particle with Net negative Charge
The clay particle derives its net negative charge from the isomorphous
substitution and broken bonds at the boundaries.

20. Mineral Specific
surface
(m2
/g)
C.E.C
(meq/100g)
Kaolinite 10-20 3-10
Illite 80-100 20-30
Montmorillonite 800 80-120
Chlorite 80 20-30

21. • Amongst the big number of minerals, clays have very useful
characteristics for textile applications
Some clay-classifications:
• Kaolin (Aluminium: “China clay”)
• Semectite (Aluminium + Magnesium)
• Hormite (more Iron)
• Some exceptional properties of clay:
• Thickening agents in paints
• Oil and dirt absorber
• Absorber of inks in e.g. paper industry
• Stabilizer for hydrogen peroxide bleaches
• Softening agents in household products

22. • In water the clay particles are anionic charged and
show a large adsorption effect for:
-Hydrophobic waxes and oils
-Metal ions (cation exchange capacity)
-Hydrophilic materials and polymers

23. • Nature –Bentonite
• Cat litters
• Agro industry
• Civil industry
• Beverage refinery
industry
Alkaline activation
(With soda ash)
• Foundry industry
• Civil & drilling industry
• Detergent, paper, textile
industry
• Beverage refinery
industry
• Rheological additive
industry
• Acidic activation
• (with HCl / H2SO4)
• Food industry
• Paper industry
• Beverage refinery
industry
• Industrial catalyst
Organic activation
(With organic cation subst)
• Pigment & paint industry
• Sealing industry
• Fat lubricant industry
• Cosmetic industry

24.  All these classes (and many sub-classes) have
different characteristics
 Because of this different special industrial
applications e.g. paper coating
 In the past clays were used by Indian and
Egyptian women to clean and smoothen their
faces and to shampoo their hair. Clay masks
and still popular!
 The clay structure is based on sheets
 By separating these sheets e.g. by stirring, a
very big surface is created
 This surface (till 800 M2
per gram) makes it
possible to absorb all kind of components like
dirt, oil, greases etc.
 This gives an unique detergency effect

25. The most widely known mineral in the
textile industry is sodium silicate as a
mineral stabilizer for hydrogen peroxide
bleaching
L.N.’s challenge: look for other minerals
with the good properties of sodium silicate
and with success!!
Clay minerals have been selected on the
specific characteristics and formulated in
new auxiliaries for the textile industry

26. • NaOH
• Gives irreversible yellowing to cotton due to high alkaline
• High COD amount in waste water
• Water glass
• Salt reaction
• Needs to look for effective conventional auxiliaries
• Building deposits on the fabric and machineries
• Complex Builder
• Ecological problem
• Effective depend on the degree of water hardness and
heavy metal contamination on the raw materials

27. • Adsorption of strong metal contamination
• Organic complex builder fully or partially to be
substituted
• Water glass fully or partially to be substituted

28. • In hydrogen peroxide bleaching,
both continuously and
discontinuously
• In continuous desizing of
synthetics
• In post scouring reactive dyed and
printed cellulosics

29. • One of the new applications for clays is as a one-
shot product for the discontinuous bleaching
applications
• It is based on this mineral technology
• A clay based multifunctional auxiliary for the
discontinuous bleaching of cotton with hydrogen
peroxide on jets, winches and overflows
• Prescouring of PES/EL and PA/EL
• Alternative for the ecologically unfriendly
hypochlorite bleach

30. Without product 2 g/l pure non-ionic
Without product 2 g/l TANNEX GEOWithout product 2 g/l TANNEX GEO
Clearly to see is that the silicon oil is
not well emulsified.
Altranol- GEO well disperse/emulsifies
the silicon oil.
2g/l Altranol-GEO
Without product 2 g/l TANNEX GEOWithout product 2 g/l TANNEX GEOWithout product

31. Excellent hydrogen peroxide stabilizer
Unique wash performance
Good wetting out of the fabric
Excellent lubrification properties
Low foaming; no defoamer required
Ecologically very friendly
Gives fabric a smooth handle

32.  Altranol GEO allows almost 35% reduction in the BOD &
COD levels in the wash effluent
 Altranol GEO further reduces the COD/BOD levels by
eliminating/reducing the need for additional auxiliaries
in treatment baths i.e. wetting agents, chelating agents,
surfactants, lubricants & defoamers.
 The effluent of treated textiles is easily & readily treated
by flocculating, precipitating or filtering the natural
clays & its adsorbed/precipitated contaminants, which
are removed by any standard separation technique like
filtering etc.
 The resultant effluent is significantly more
environmentally acceptable than current effluents
containing organic components & inorganic
contaminants.

33.  Altranol ELB, besides reducing pollution due to lower
BOD & COD levels, also results in lower volatile organic
chemicals (VOC’s)
 Is an outstanding lubricating agent providing a softer
hand for treated textile goods
 Is non-foaming & extremely effective in removing
processing oils & excess auxiliaries & other impurities
from the substrates. Treated substrates are cleaner
which improves dyeability & dye penetration resulting
in increased colour yields of 10~30%
 Is suitable for processing all textile materials i.e. all
fibres, filament, yarns, fabric & all products made from
them. They include textured & non textured filaments
& yarns, woven, knitted or non-woven fabrics.

34.  Excellent extracting effect to silicone or mineral oils
from elastane fibers when blended with cotton /
polyamide / polyester
 Stabil whiteness degree with possibility of increasing
whiteness degree after every bleaching process
 Reduction of COD value in waste water
 Heavy metals adsorption reduction of potential pin
holes problem
 Softness effect on cotton fiber anti crease mark effect

35. Bleach for whites indication recipe:
 1-3 ml/l Altranol-GEO
 2-3, 5g/l Caustic flakes
 6-10 ml/l Hydrogen peroxide 35%
 X % Optical brightening agent
 95-110ºC during 90-30 minutes

36. • Some practical results:
• Cotton on winches 95ºC – 60 mins;
• Customer’s standard: LNCI
• Basic white : 84 85
• Total white : 155 158
• S-factor : 0.36 0.32

37. • Practical results continued:
• Knitted Cotton/EL on Thieβ jet
• Customer’s standard: LNCI
• Basic white : 72 77
• Total white : 144 156
• S-factor : 0.2 0.1

38.  Other experiences:
 Jig bleaching applications
 Bleaching of Cotton on X-cones
 Discontinuous bleaching of Linen
 Prescour PA/EL
 Prescour PES/EL
 Etc…………..

39. Clay technology
for pretreatment of elastane fibres

40. • Elastane fibres (Polyurethane filament fibres) are
commonly used nowadays in all kind of knits and fabrics.
• Elastane fibres provide knits and fabrics stretch and
retention effects.
• Elastane fibres are blended with all kind of other fibres like
PA, PES, Wo and Co.

41. • Articles can contain between 2 – 20% elastane fibres.
• Articles can contain between 2 – 6% silicone oils.
• Depending on the fibre blend this silicone oil, in combination with other
fibre preparations (mineral oils, waxes, lubricants etc) could cause
problems during further processing.

42. • Insufficient elimination of silicon oils will cause problems during
subsequent processes and/or dyeings:
- silicon spots and/or stripes on the material
- silicon deposits in the machine
- fumes and yellowing during thermofixation
• Silicone oil on the elastane fibres is absolutely necessary to provide
sufficient elasticity and avoid aging.
• What is a safe way of processing elastane fibres ?

43. • Altranol-ELB is a specially formulated clay in combination with special
non – ionic surfactants.
• The clay in Altranol-ELB is from the same origin as in Altranol-GEO
• Altranol-ELB removes all superficial silicone oil, providing level
dyeings, without totally removing the silicone oil.
• A certain amount of residual silicone oil is required to guarantee
durable elasticity and to avoid ageing of the elastane-fibre.

44. • Very good wetting and scouring effect.
• Level dyeings as Altranol-ELB levels out all irregular
oil contents.
• Residual silicone oil to protect the Elastane fibre in
order to maintain durable elasticity and avoid ageing.
• Simple to dispense and easy to handle.
• Lubrication action due to the presence of clay .
• Applicable on all fibre blends with Elastane fibres.
• Non foaming.
• Ecological product (COD 560 mg O/g, BiAS 210 mg/g)
• APEO free.

45. Soda ash pH 9-10 (1 g/l)
Altranol- ELB
2 ml/l + 1 ml/l
water 2-3 l/kg
overflow
30°C
Grey
water 6-8 l/kg
°C 30 30 80 80 80 60 40

46. 0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Time [min]
Temperature[°C]
15 min @ 50°C Dyeing
Refill and add
Altranol-ELB 0.5 ml/l
other dyeing auxiliaries dyestuffs
Fill the machine and add
Altranol-ELB 1–2 ml/l
Soda ash 0.5 – 1 g/l
Ratio 10:1

47. • Special multipurpose versatile compound for wet
processing of textile goods made of natural &
synthetic fibres:
Complete, balanced bleaching assistant for single
stage bleaching
Washing elastane blends
Cleaning effects on the machinery
Ecological beaching procedure. Environmentally
friendly
Positive issue on waste water treatment

48. OFFICE ADDRESS :-
403, “Antariksh”, Makwana Road,
Marol Naka,
Andheri (E), Mumbai – 400 059
Tel.- 91- 22- 4221 6789 (30 Lines)
91- 22- 6692 4112
Fax -91-22- 2836 6434
FACTORY ADDRESS :-
D- 14 /10, T.T.C. M.I.D.C Industrial area,
Turbhe , P.O.K.U.Bazar,
Navi Mumbai – 400 705
Tel.-91- 22- 4141 9899 (30 Lines)
Fax -91- 22- 4141 9888
Email ID – ketan@lnchem.in
lnchem@vsnl.com