The document discusses various types and causes of pollution across different countries. It mentions that the United Kingdom has dealt with major industrial pollution for centuries that blackened skies and led to many deaths. China also struggles with widespread pollution that has caused many diseases. Japan uses advanced pollution control devices and techniques like dust collection systems and scrubbers to control air and water pollution. The major forms of pollution discussed are the release of chemicals into the air and water, as well as chemicals leaching into soil.