Immutable infrastructure：觀念與實作 (建議)
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A talk given to JCConf 2015 on 2015/12/05. 在程式設計領域，“immutable objects” 是相當重要的設計模式。同樣的，在虛擬化及雲端時代，“immutable infrastructure” 也成為新一代的顯學。在資源及流程的充分配合下，這將會大大簡化系統的複雜度，穩定性也會大大提升。 本演講將會從觀念出發，並佐以部份實作建議，讓大家有足夠資訊來評估此架構的好處。 Video: https://youtu.be/9j008nd6-A4
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Immutable infrastructure：觀念與實作 (建議)
- 10. #JCConf
- 12. im‧mutable
- 13. im‧mutable
- 14. #JCConf
- 15. Entropy
- 16. Entropy
- 17. #JCConf
- 18. #JCConf
- 19. Q:
- 20. 7% A: lysosomes
- 21. #JCConf
- 27. #JCConf
- 28. #JCConf DNA
- 29. #JCConf DNA
- 32. #JCConf
- 34. Entropy ?
- 35. #JCConf
- 36. “HAProxy has been installed on Linux 2.4 systems serving millions of pages every day, and which have only known one reboot in 3 years for a complete OS upgrade.” Reliability - keeping high-traffic sites online since 2002
- 37. “HAProxy has been installed on Linux 2.4 systems serving millions of pages every day, and which have only known one reboot in 3 years for a complete OS upgrade.” Reliability - keeping high-traffic sites online since 2002
- 38. im‧mutable
- 39. im‧mutable
- 40. im‧mutable
- 41. im‧mutable
- 42. In OOP and FP, an immutable object is an object whose state cannot be modified after it is created. immutable objects JCConf 2015 Universal Scala by Walter Chang
- 43. In OOP and FP, an immutable object is an object whose state cannot be modified after it is created. String s = "ABC"; s.toLowerCase(); immutable objects
- 44. String s = "ABC"; s.toLowerCase(); Why immutable objects? • simpler to understand • inherently thread-safe • offer higher security than mutable objects. immutable objects
- 45. “How to sort in-place using the merge sort algorithm?” immutable objects algorithms • Too complex to be reduced to practical program. • Knuth left this as an exercise (Vol 3, 5.2.5). There do exists in-place merge sort. It must be implemented carefully. http://stackoverflow.com/q/2571049/714426
- 46. CTAS: Create Table As Select immutable objects algorithms • Faster than ALTER TABLE. • … with some constraints… Google it! http://stackoverflow.com/q/2571049/714426 databases
- 47. DHH (David Heinemeier Hansson) Creator of Rails. immutable objects algorithms databases applications
- 48. immutable objects algorithms http://smalltalk.xdite.net/posts/302780-bos-rewrite-from-dhh databases applications
- 49. immutable objects algorithms http://smalltalk.xdite.net/posts/302780-bos-rewrite-from-dhh databases applications
- 50. immutable infrastructure immutable objects algorithms databases applications
- 51. immutable infrastructure immutable objects algorithms databases applications
- 52. Let’s talk about immutable objects algorithms databases applications Java hot swap? hot deploy?
- 53. immutable objects algorithms databases applications Java hot swap since JDK 1.4
- 54. immutable objects algorithms databases applications Java hot swap in JRebel
- 55. immutable objects algorithms databases applications Java hot swap in OSGi
- 56. immutable objects algorithms databases applications Java Christian Posta Principal Middleware Specialist/Architect at Red Hat, open-source enthusiast, committer on Apache ActiveMQ, Apache Camel, Fabric8, HawtIO, blogging, Family, India Pale Ale. http://blog.christianposta.com/immutable/immutable-infrastructure-and-the-jvm-part-i/
- 57. immutable objects algorithms databases applications Java • Don’t hotdeploy/redeploy/migrate your Java services in production at runtime. Christian Posta Principal Middleware Specialist/Architect at Red Hat, open-source enthusiast, committer on Apache ActiveMQ, Apache Camel, Fabric8, HawtIO, blogging, Family, India Pale Ale. http://blog.christianposta.com/immutable/immutable-infrastructure-and-the-jvm-part-i/
- 58. immutable objects algorithms databases applications Java • Don’t hotdeploy/redeploy/migrate your Java services in production at runtime. • Do have a very strong focus on your delivery pipeline/automation/testing to quickly make changes to your system. Christian Posta Principal Middleware Specialist/Architect at Red Hat, open-source enthusiast, committer on Apache ActiveMQ, Apache Camel, Fabric8, HawtIO, blogging, Family, India Pale Ale. http://blog.christianposta.com/immutable/immutable-infrastructure-and-the-jvm-part-i/
- 59. Infra Infra
- 67. WHY immutable infra? • Simplify change management • hard to keep or restore “desired state” in-place
- 68. WHY immutable infra? • Simplify change management • hard to keep or restore “desired state” in-place • Enforce dev/prod parity • configure & test infra before deployed to production environment
- 69. WHY immutable infra? • Simplify change management • hard to keep or restore “desired state” in-place • Enforce dev/prod parity • configure & test infra before deployed to production environment • Reason about apps at a higher level • … than just the deployable packages containing the code (JAR/WAR/zip/MSI/whatever)
- 70. WHY NOT immutable infra?
- 71. WHY NOT immutable infra? • Cost of “out of place” may be too high • vs
- 72. WHY NOT immutable infra? • Cost of “out of place” may be too high • vs • DevOps maturity level • Orchestration and resource allocation primitives are required
- 74. #JCConf
- 75. #JCConf
- 76. #JCConf
- 77. #JCConf
- 80. VM image Golden image Phenix server
- 81. VM image Container image Golden image Phenix server
- 82. VM image Container image Unikernel image Golden image Phenix server
- 83. VM image Container image Unikernel image • VM/IaaS provider specific • VM/IaaS provider agnostic • Ansible: https://github.com/ansible/ansible • Packer: https://www.packer.io/ • Otto: https://ottoproject.io/
- 84. VM image Container image Unikernel image • Docker ecosystem • docker cli • Docker Hub • CI: Jenkins, Travis CI, CircleCI… • Pre-Docker tools • Packer: https://www.packer.io/
- 85. VM image Container image Unikernel image
- 86. VM
- 87. VM Docker
- 88. Docker
- 89. Container per VMDocker Hyper: https://hyper.sh/
- 90. Container per VM Hyper: https://hyper.sh/
- 91. Container per VM Hyper: https://hyper.sh/ Unikernel Boxfuse: https://boxfuse.com
- 92. Container per VM Hyper: https://hyper.sh/ Unikernel Boxfuse: https://boxfuse.com Unikernels are constructed by using “library operating systems,” from which the developer selects only the minimal set of services required for an application to run. These sealed, fixed-purpose images run directly on a hypervisor without an intervening guest OS such as Linux.
- 94. #JCConf
- 95. VM image Container image Unikernel image new unikernel approach
- 96. VM image Container image Unikernel image new unikernel approach
- 97. #JCConf
- 98. VM image Container image Unikernel image
- 99. VM image Container image Unikernel image
- 100. #JCConf
- 101. deployment
- 102. deployment
- 103. deployment • Rolling upgrade • Blue/green deployment • Canary deployment
- 105. deployment • Cluster management • Service discovery • Orchestration
- 106. deployment • Pets vs cattle • Docker ecosystem is easier… • Kubernetes • Mesos • …
- 107. #JCConf
- 108. DevOps deployment
- 110. deployment VM image Container image Unikernel image DevOps IT workflow automation
- 111. deployment VM image Container image Unikernel image DevOps JCConf 2015, Abola Lee IT workflow automation
- 112. deployment VM image Container image Unikernel image DevOps JCConf 2015, Abola Lee IT workflow automation • Platform-specific tools • AWS CodeDeploy • Google Cloud Deployment Manager • IBM BlueMix
- 113. deployment VM image Container image Unikernel image DevOps JCConf 2015, Abola Lee IT workflow automation • Platform-specific tools • AWS CodeDeploy • Google Cloud Deployment Manager • IBM BlueMix • Ansible
- 114. deployment VM image Container image Unikernel image DevOps JCConf 2015, Abola Lee IT workflow automation • Platform-specific tools • AWS CodeDeploy • Google Cloud Deployment Manager • IBM BlueMix • Ansible • CI SaaS • Travis CI, CircleCI, etc.
- 115. deployment VM image Container image Unikernel image DevOps JCConf 2015, Abola Lee IT workflow automation • Platform-specific tools • AWS CodeDeploy • Google Cloud Deployment Manager • IBM BlueMix • Ansible • CI SaaS • Travis CI, CircleCI, etc. • Atlas (and others from HashiCorp)
- 117. Entropy
- 118. #JCConf
- 119. #JCConf DNA
- 120. #JCConf DNA
- 123. #JCConf VM image Container image Unikernel image
- 124. #JCConf VM image Container image Unikernel image
- 127. #JCConf