1. International Union of Pure and Applied Physics
Young Scientist Prize
Award Ceremony
Commission on Quantum Electronics –C17
December 4, 2013
OPTIC 2013, Chung-Li, Taiwan

2. IUPAP
Commission C17
– Quantum Electronics
Mandate
To promote the exchange of information and views
among the members of the international scientific
community in the general field of Quantum Electronics
including:
•the physics of coherent electromagnetic energy
generation and transmission;
•the physics of interaction of coherent electromagnetic
radiation with matter;
•the application of quantum electronics to technology.

3. International Union of Pure and Applied Physics
Young Scientist Prize
is awarded to
Kin Fai Mak
Commission on Quantum Electronics –C17
For his ground-breaking contributions to the measurement
and physical understanding of the novel optical properties of
atomically thin 2D materials

4. Graphene (Geim, Novoselov, Kim)
Electro-optical modulator Transparent conductor
Lee and Hone …
Ultrahigh
mechanical
strength
-6.29
Unique electro--0.31×1013cm-2
Ruof, Ferrari, Wang,
-6.29
optical
Geim, Novoselov …
properties
-6.29
5.40
-0.31×1013cm-2
Flexible atomic
membrane
Graphene
MEMs
McEuen,
Hone …
Widely tunable
physical properties
12.54 13cm-2
-0.31×10
5.40
5.40
12.54
Tunable Fermi level
and work function
12.54
Kim, Brus, Heinz …

5. Universal optical absorbance
A ( ω ) = πα = 2.3%
π
(1)
σ ( ω ) = G0
Graphene
4
e-
h+
K
e-
h+
K’
Universal optical conductance
No valley-selective excitation
Experiment: Mak et al. PRL 2008
Nair et al. Science 2008

6. Electrons in few-layer graphene
Inter-layer interaction
Dependence on stacking order
Mak et al. PRL (2010)
Decomposition into massless
and massive Dirac fermions
Electric field
effect
Mak et al. PNAS (2010)
Mak et al. PRL (2009)
Zhang et al. Nature (2009)
Lui et al. Nat. Phys. (2011)

7. Electrons beyond graphene
Graphene
e-
Monolayer MoS2
e-
K
K’
A 2D semimetal
e-
e-
K
K’
A new direct gap semiconductor
Mak et al. PRL 2010
Splendi et al. Nano Lett. 2010

8. Electrons beyond graphene
Graphene
Monolayer MoS2
e-
h+
K
e-
h+
K’
Universal optical conductance
No valley-selective excitation
e-
e-
h+
h+
K
K’
Valley-selective excitation
Theory: Niu, Xiao, Yao …
Experiment: Mak et al. Nature Nano 2012
Zeng et al. Nature Nano 2012
Cao et al. Nature Comm. 2012

9. Acknowledgement
Columbia: Prof. Tony Heinz (Chun Hung Lui, Zhiqiang Li)
Prof. James Hone (Changgu Lee)
Prof. Philip Kim
Prof. Louis Brus
Case Western Reserve: Prof. Jie Shan (Keliang He)
Cornell: Prof. Paul McEuen (Kathryn McGill)
Prof. Jiwoong Park
Prof. Dan Ralph
BNL: Larry Carr.
Matthew Sfeir
James Misewich
Funding: NSF NSEC
Kavli Foundation

10. International Union of Pure and Applied Physics
Young Scientist Prize
is awarded to
Nickolas Vamivakas
Commission on Quantum Electronics –C17
For his seminal contributions to extending
the domain of experimental quantum optics from atomic to solidstate systems

11. solid-state quantum optics
Idea: combine the tools and techniques of quantum optics with quantum
heterostructures (quantum dots) and defects in solids
 want discrete optical transitions in the solid-state
 “quantum engineering”; design the optical response
Why? new optics-based approaches to quantum science and technology
that leverage these solid-state quantum emitters
 generation and control of quantum states of light
 localized degrees-of-freedom are potential qubits
 small size enables sub-diffraction limited optical metrology
Cadmium Selenide QDs
increasing radius
http://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Quantum_dot

12. observation of single-QD spin quantum jumps
resonance fluorescence to monitor Bohr spin quantum jumps (single QD)
 QIS: direct optical, single shot, spin measurement
 also example of a quantum nondemolition measurement
QD electronic
structure
spin quantum jumps
write-in 0 (↑)
Vamivakas et al Nature 467 (2010).

13. nanoscale metrology/enhance photon generation
nanophotonic devices modify local density of optical states
 optical transition sensitive to local density of states; Purcell effect
 nanoscale fluorescence lifetime imaging (nFLIM)
scan optical antenna
lifetime
intensity
autocorrelation
shortening
of ~ 3
Ag
pyramid
tip ~ 30
nm
Beams, et al Nano Lett 11 (2013).

14. collaborators
Mete Atature, Yong Zhao,
Chao-yang Lu, Clemens Matthiesen University of Cambridge
Antonio Badolato, University of Rochester
Atac Imamoglu, Stefan Falt, Alex Hogele, ETH-Zurich
Lukas Novotny, ETH-Zurich
Sang-Hyun Oh, Tim Johnson, University of Minnesota
Romain Quidant & Jan Gieseler ICFO-Barcelona
Bennett Goldberg, Anna Swan & Selim Unlu, Boston University
Support
Institute of Optics, NSF, DOE, EPSRC
Research Group
Quantum Optoelectronics and Optical
Metrology Group
Nick Vamivakas
nick.vamivakas@rochester.edu
University of Rochester
Institute of Optics
http://www.optics.rochester.edu/workgroups/v