World History: The Human Journey - Modern World Ch 11 Section 2 PowerPoint

1. CHAPTER 11
Enlightenment and Revolution in
England and America
Section 1: Civil War and Revolution
Section 2: Constitutional Monarchy
in England
Section 3: English Colonial Expansion
Section 4: The Enlightenment
Section 5: The American Revolution

2. SECTION 2
Constitutional Monarchy
in England
11.2 Bell Ringer Question:
What laws did Parliament
create to protect against
arbitrary rule?

3. SECTION 2
Constitutional Monarchy
in England
After Oliver Cromwell's death
in 1658 and the subsequent
collapse of the Commonwealth
in 1660, Charles II was restored
to the English throne.

4. SECTION 2
Constitutional Monarchy
in England
Charles II
The Merry Monarch
England was overjoyed at
having a monarch again.
However, royal powers and
privileges were severely
limited by Parliament.

5. SECTION 2
Constitutional Monarchy
in England
Charles’ reign was
beset by many problems.

6. SECTION 2
Constitutional Monarchy
in England
1665 Bubonic Plague
Killed an estimated 100,000 people,
20% of London's population

7. SECTION 2
Constitutional Monarchy
in England
Great
Fire of
London
1667
80%
of the
city was
destroyed.

8. SECTION 2
Constitutional Monarchy
in England
Problem of Succession . . .
Charles did not have any children.
His heir would be his brother –
James. But James was a
CATHOLIC ….
RUTROW!

9. SECTION 2
Constitutional Monarchy
in England
Political parties would form in Parliament from the
ashes of the Cavaliers and Roundheads -- arguing the
question of succession.
Whigs Tories
Wanted a Supported the
strong hereditary right to
Parliament – rule –
NO catholic they would accept a
king Catholic king

10. SECTION 2
Constitutional Monarchy
in England
Charles died and his brother is
crowned James II.
Almost immediately, he starts
aggravating Parliament with his
ideas of absolute rule of the king.
How long do you think Parliament put up with THAT?

11. SECTION 2
Constitutional Monarchy
in England
William III Mary II

12. SECTION 2
Constitutional Monarchy
in England
Changes in the ways people thought about gov’t
Let’s compare the ideas
of Hobbes and Locke.
Draw up a two column
chart for
these gentlemen.
Thomas Hobbes John Locke

13. SECTION 2
Constitutional Monarchy
in England
Thomas Hobbes
• Unwritten social contract gave the leader
absolute power
• People only kept the right to protect their
own lives
• Wrote Leviathan 1651

14. SECTION 2
Constitutional Monarchy
in England
John Locke
• People only gave up some rights
• Life, liberty and the right to own property
• A ruler (gov’t) who violated these rights
had broken the social contract and could
justly be overthrown.
• Wrote Two Treatises of Government 1689

15. SECTION 2
Constitutional Monarchy
in England
The ideas of Hobbes and Locke
inspired changes in how government
worked ….
Parliament began to put safeguards
into law so that their rights as
citizens could be protected.

16. SECTION 2
Constitutional Monarchy
in England
Using your book, complete this chart.
Safeguard Purpose
Habeas Corpus Act protected individuals from unfair arrest and
imprisonment
English Bill of Rights declared Parliament would choose who ruled the country;
subjected ruler to parliamentary laws; prohibited ruler from
imposing taxes or maintaining an army in peaceful times
without Parliament’s consent; guaranteed free speech for
members of Parliament; gave citizens the right to petition the
government; declared citizens should not be required to pay
excessive bail or be subjected to cruel and unusual
punishment
Act of Toleration granted Protestant dissenters some religious freedoms

17. SECTION 2
Constitutional Monarchy
in England
With those safeguards, we now see the growth of
Parliamentary Rule in England.
No more divine right of king!
• Parliament held most of the power.
• The Cabinet: officers of state chosen from
leaders in Parliament
• Act of Union 1707 created Great Britain
• The Hanoverian Kings
• Sir Robert Walpole – first Prime Minister

18. SECTION 2
Constitutional Monarchy
in England
The government of England will now be a
Limited Constitutional Monarchy.
Monarchy
• The monarch remained Britain’s head
of state.
• Royal powers were clearly limited.
• The Prime Minister was pretty much
the real head of government because
the king’s power had been reduced.

19. SECTION 2
Constitutional Monarchy
in England
Now it is time for your quiz.
Grab your notes and a pencil.
Do not use your textbook!