The document summarizes the Unified Patent Court (UPC) system that is being established in Europe. It discusses the current system of patent litigation across multiple countries in Europe and outlines the future UPC system that aims to provide a single court system. Key points include that the UPC will have exclusive jurisdiction over Unitary patents and transitional jurisdiction over traditional European patents. It will be composed of a Court of First Instance and Court of Appeal. The UPC is intended to provide a more unified approach to patent litigation in Europe.

1. The Unified Patent Court
One stop, different flavours
Wouter Pors
Seminar on Unitary Patent & Unified Patent Court
The Hague, 7 March 2013

2. Patent litigation in Europe - current
• European Patent Convention
• 38 member states
• 27 European Union member states
• Central patent application procedure
• CJEU 13-7-2006, C-539/03, Roche vs Primus & Goldenberg:
• Granted patents are subject to the laws of the countries of
registration, and so are claims for infringement
• Article 24 section 4 Brussels I Regulation 2012:
• Validity exclusive jurisdiction of each country of registration
• No unitary patent right
• 38 countries to litigate in
• 38 national laws apply to infringement and validity
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3. Patent litigation in Europe - future
• 3 options for patents
• Traditional European patent, validated in countries of choice
• European patent with Unitary effect, 25 EU member states
+ option for traditional EP in remaining 13 countries
• National patents
• New litigation system
• Unified patent court, 26 EU member states
• Unitary patents
• Traditional European patents (not opted out/opted in again)
• National courts
• Traditional European patents (opted out)
• National patents
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4. The Unified Patent Court
• One single court for patent litigation in EU
• Infringement, validity, damages
• Basis: Agreement on a Unified Patent Court
• Enhanced cooperation between 26 EU member states (ex Spain)
• Signed 19 February 2013 (Bulgaria 5 March)
• 25 countries have signed, Poland still needs to decide, Spain will
not join (for now)
• Entry into force 4 months after ratification by France, Germany,
UK and 10 other countries
• European Union urges for start early 2014
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5. Exclusivity and transitional regime
• Intention: UPC exclusive for Unitary and European patents
• Transitional regime [83]
• UPC is exclusive for Unitary Patents
• For traditional European patents 7 years non-exclusivity
• Action may also be brought before national courts
• Patentee may opt out, then only national courts have jurisdiction
• Opt out not possible if action is pending before UPC
• Patentee may opt in again at any time
• Opt in not possible if action is pending before national court
• 7 year period may be extended tot 14 years
• Some mention of extension to 21 years
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6. Structure of the Unified Patent Court
• Court of First Instance [7]
• Central Division
• Seats: Paris (electronics), London (life sciences) and Munich
(mechanical engineering)
• Regional divisions
• Countries cooperating to form a division
• Local divisions
• Countries that set up their own division (max 4 per country)
• Court of Appeal [9]
• Seat: Luxemburg
• Registry [10]
• Seat: Luxemburg
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7. Substantive law applied by the UPC
• To be applied in the following order: [20, 24]
1. Union Law
• Unitary Patent Regulation, Translation Regulation, SPC Regulation,
Biotech directive, Brussels I Regulation, Enforcement Directive, etc
2. UPC Agreement
• Infringement (articles 25 - 30)
3. European Patent Convention
• Validity
• Infringement (article 69)
4. International agreements
• TRIPs, Lugano Convention, Hague Evidence Convention, etc
5. National law
• Patent law, damages, ownership, licences, bankruptcy, etc
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8. Substantive law applied by the UPC
… and national law
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9. Role of the Court of Justice of the EU
• Problem: lack of knowledge of patent law and technology
• Solution: limit the jurisdiction of the CJEU
• Provisions on infringement moved from UP Regulation to UPC
Agreement (articles 25 – 30)
• Provisions on validity already in European Patent Convention
• Remaining jurisdiction
• Unitary Patent Regulation: uniform protection (article 5)
• Exhaustion (art 6), license declaration (art 8)
• What if diverging national laws need to be applied?
• Any EU-Regulation or Directive: SPC Regulations, Paediatric
Extension Regulation, Biotech Directive, Brussels I Regulation,
Enforcement Directive, Anti-Piracy Regulation, Bolar provision,
Doha Regulation, Evidence Regulation, Service Regulation
• EU Treaty, competition law, Tech Transfer Regulation?
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10. Types of claims – Patents and SPC’s
• Actions before the Unified Patent Court [32]
• Actual or threatened infringement
• Declaration of non-infringement
• Provisional and protective measures and injunctions
• Revocation and declaration of invalidity
• Damages and compensation for use prior to grant
• Use prior to grant and rights based on prior use
• Compensation for “FRAND” licenses ex article 8 UP Regulation
• EPO administrative decisions under the UP Regulation
• Actions before national courts
• Entitlement of Unitary Patents and traditional European patents
• All other actions: declaration of non-essentiality?
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11. Jurisdiction of the divisions of the CFI (1)
• Infringement, provisional relief, damages, license fee [33]
• Local or regional division of infringement
• Local or regional division of one of the defendants
• Multiple defendants: commercial relationship, same infringement
• Defendants outside territory: place of infringement or central
• If no local or regional division available: before central division
• In case of pending action
• Other actions against the same parties on same patent only before
the same division
• Otherwise declared inadmissible, not referred
• Pending at regional division, infringement occurred in > 3 regional
divisions: defendant can request transfer to central division
• Unlikely to happen?
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12. Jurisdiction of the divisions of the CFI (2)
• Counterclaim for revocation in infringement action
• Division where infringement is pending
• Local or regional division may do 3 things:
• Keep both sides of the case
• Refer counterclaim to central division and suspend infringement
• Refer whole case to central division if parties agree
• Independent non-infringement, revocation, invalidity
• Local or regional division where action on same patent is pending
• Choices mentioned above apply
• Otherwise: central division
• In that case: consecutive infringement action between the same parties
on the same patent may also be brought before central division
• If infringement action already pending before local/regional division:
central division suspends awaiting decision on referral (Rule 70.3)
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13. Jurisdiction - miscellaneous
• Parties may agree to bring an action before any division
• Relation to oppositions
• Revocation and invalidity are independent from opposition
• Stay possible if rapid EPO decision is expected
• Position of licensees [47]
• Notice needs to be given to patentee
• Exclusive licensee can bring action unless agreement provides
otherwise
• Non-exclusive licensee if agreement provides for it
• Patentee may join the action
• Validity can only be contested if patentee participates – registry
serves counterclaim for revocation on patentee (Rule 25.3)
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14. Composition of the Unified Patent Court
• Management [11 – 14]
• Friends of the patent group
• Preparatory Committee – state representatives
• Administrative, Budget Committee – state representatives
• Advisory Committee – patent law experts
• Judiciary
• Court of First Instance [8]
• Multinational panel of 3 legal judges + 1 optional technical judge
• Local division ≥50 cases: 2 local judges, otherwise 1 local, rest pool judges
• Regional division: 2 regional judges, 1 pool judge
• Court of Appeal [9]
• Multinational panel of 5: 3 legal judges, 2 technical judges
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15. Language of proceedings
• Court of First Instance [49]
• Local and regional divisions
• Official language of state of local division
• Official language designated for regional division
• Optional: designated EPO language (EN, FR, DE)
• If agreed: language in which patent was granted
• If panel refuses, parties may request referral to central division or
• President of CFI may decide on language of patent
• Central division
• Language in which patent was granted
• Court of Appeal [50]
• Language of first instance
• Language in which patent was granted (panel cannot refuse)
• Exceptional: Court decides other official language, if parties agree
• Defendants may always request translations, others sometimes
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16. Proceedings before the Unified Patent Court
• Stages [52]
• Written procedure
• Interim procedure (may include interim hearing; explore settlement)
• Oral procedure
• Evidence [53 - 55]
• Hearing the parties
• Request for information by the panel
• Production of documents (upon court order – no fishing) [59 - 61]
• Hearing of witnesses
• Opinions by experts (party or court experts) [57]
• Inspection
• Comparative tests or experiments
• Sworn statements in writing (affidavits)
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17. Orders & enforcement
• Preservation of evidence [60, 61]
• Provisional and protective measures [62]
• Provisional injunction
• Against infringer or third party
• Balance of convenience
• Penalties imposed or release against guarantee
• Seizures
• Infringing products
• Assets for security
• Permanent injunctions [63, 82]
• Penalties imposed (subject to security)
• Other suitable corrective measures [64, 67]
• Revocation or limitation of patent [65]
• Award damages [68]
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18. Rules of procedure – how the court works
• Basic principles: proportionality, fairness, case management,
right to be heard, expeditious and high quality decisions, fair
balance between interests of parties
• But: enough flexibility to allow for “couleur locale”
• Divisions to some extent can continue the practice of the
national courts in their country (bifurcation, disclosure, cross-
examination)
• Court of Appeal should develop best practices
• Movement towards more uniformity in approach
• Multinational panels of judges – variety in experience
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19. Thank you
wouter.pors@twobirds.com
+31 653 293896
www.twobirds.com
Bird & Bird is an international legal practice comprising Bird & Bird LLP and its affiliated and associated businesses.
Bird & Bird LLP is a limited liability partnership, registered in England and Wales with registered number OC340318 and is regulated by the Solicitors Regulation
Authority. Its registered office and principal place of business is at 15 Fetter Lane, London EC4A 1JP. A list of members of Bird & Bird LLP and of any non-members
who are designated as partners, and of their respective professional qualifications, is open to inspection at that address.
www.twobirds.com

20. Other presentations at the seminar
• The unitary patent: the system, the choices, the strategies
• Michael Alt, Bird & Bird München
• Implementation of the Unitary Patent and the Unified Patent Court
• Paul van Beukering, Ministry of Economic Affairs, The Netherlands
• Draft Rules of Procedure Unified Patent Court
• Samuel Granata, Commercial Court of Antwerp, Belgium
• The language regime in the UPC system
• Bruno Vandermeulen, Bird & Bird Brussels
To get a copy of these presentations: wouter.pors@twobirds.com
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21. The unitary patent: the
system,
the choices, the
strategies
Michael Alt
Bird & Bird LLP
March 2013

24. The language regime in
the UPC system
Bruno Vandermeulen
Belgium