2. ISLAM (ORIGINS)
Back to its Roots
âAbraham + Hagar = Ishmael
âMecca
âKaâbah (cube)
The Prophet Muhammad
âBorn â Mecca 570 CE
âAbu Talib (uncle)
âKhadijah (wife)
âAngel Gabriel
âJourney to Heaven (619 CE)
âMedina
âMecca Submits 629 CE
âDied â Medina 632 CE
3. ISLAM (HISTORY)
The Caliphs
âAbu Bakr (1st
Caliph)
âJihads vs. neighbouring empires
âAttack Syria and Iraq
âDied â 634 CE
âUmar (2nd
Caliph)
âCaptures Damascus and Jerusalem
âControl Iraq and most of Iran
âUthman ibn Affan (3rd
Caliph)
âUmayyad Family
âSpreads into Egypt and North Africa
âAssassinated 659 CE
âAli ibn Talib (4th
Caliph)
âStabbed 661 CE
âShi'ites
6. Timeline of Mohammed's Life
570 - Born in the town of Mecca. His name (Abu al-Qasim Muáž„ammad ibn Abd Allah ibn
Abd al-Muttalib ibn Hashim ibn Abd Manaf ibn Qusai ibn Kilab) derives from the Arabic
verb hamada, meaning "to praise, to glorify".
575 - Orphaned upon the death of his mother and placed in the protection of his paternal
grandfather, then his uncle.
595 - Marries Kadijah - an older, wealthy widow. They had six children.
610 - Receives first revelation from God during the month of Ramadam.
613 - Took his message public, these would later become the Koran, Islam's sacred
scripture.
622 - Emigrates with his followers from Mecca to Yathrib, soon to become known as
Medina.
624 - The start of three major battles with the Meccans - the Battle of Badr (victory), 625
the Battle of Uhud (defeat), and 627 the Battle of the Trench (victory).
628 - The two sides signed a treaty recognising the Muslims as a new force in Arabia.
Meccan allies breached the treaty a year later.
629 - Orders first raid into Christian lands at Muta (defeat).
630 - Conquers Mecca (along with other tribes).
631 - Consolidated most fo the Arabian Penunsula under Islam.
632 - Returned to Mecca to perform a pilgrimage.
632 - Dies in Medina after a brief illness. He is buried in the mosque of Medina.
The Life of the Prophet Muhammad: Timeline
7. CREED (6 ARTICLES OF FAITH)
âBelief in Allah as the one and only God
âBelief in angels
âBelief in the holy books
âBelief in the Prophets...
âe.g. Adam, Ibrahim (Abraham), Musa (Moses), David (David),
Isa (Jesus).
âMuhammad (peace be upon him) is the final prophet and the
SEAL of the prophets.
âBelief in the Day of Judgment...
âThe day when the life of every human being will be assessed
to decide whether they go to heaven or hell.
âBelief in Predestination...
âThat Allah has the knowledge of all that will happen.
âMuslims believe that this doesn't stop human beings from
making free choices.
8. CREED (ONE GOD)
âAll Muslims believe that God is one alone:
âThere is only one God.
âGod has no children, no parents, and no partners.
âGod was not created by a being.
âThere are no equal, superior, or lesser Gods.
âThis is the SAME GOD that Christians and Jews
believe in.
9. CREED (ALLAH)
âAllah is the name Muslims use for the supreme and unique
God, who created and rules everything.
âThe heart of faith for all Muslims is obedience to Allah's will.
âAllah is eternal, omniscient, and omnipotent...
âAllah has always existed and will always exist.
âAllah knows everything that can be known.
âAllah can do anything that can be done.
âAllah has no shape or form...
âAllah can't be seen.
âAllah can't be heard.
âAllah is neither male nor female.
âAllah is just...
âAllah rewards and punishes fairly.
âBut Allah is also merciful.
âA believer can approach Allah by praying, and by reciting the
Qur'an.
âMuslims worship only Allah (must submit to his will)...
âbecause only Allah is worthy of worship.
10. CREED (THE DAY OF JUDGMENT)
âMuslims believe that every person living on earth
has a soul and that upon death of the body that
soul moves to an afterlife.
âMuslims can not neglect either phase of life.
âWhen a soul passes into the afterlife, God will
reconfigure his/her physical body so he/she can
stand before him on the day of Judgment.
âIt is on this day that the soul is sent to Paradise or
hell based on the intentions and motives behind
peoples actions.
11. CREED (THE PROPHETS)
Prophet Islamic POV Jewish POV Christian POV
Noah Noah warned people of their sinful
ways, built an arc, survived the flood
and rebuilt civilization.
Same as Islam Same as Islam
Abraham One of 7 prophets who received the
scriptures from God. Taught people to
abandon idolatry. Source of 2 great
prophetic families.
Patriarch of the Jewish
faith. Taught people to
worship the one God and
abandon idolatry.
Same as Judaism
Moses Sent to proclaim the one God to the
idolaters of Egypt. Used miracles to
demo Godâs power over Egypt.
Received Godâs law.
Same as Islam. In
addition, he was sent by
God to free the Hebrews
from slavery.
Same as Judaism
Jesus Born miraculously and performed
miracles but he was NOT the son of God
and NEVER died, he ascended into
heaven and will return to help humanity
in the future.
No formal view of Jesus
(may have been a
prophet, was not the
messiah).
Son of God and part of
the Holy Trinity.
Crucified, died, rose,
ascended into heaven
and will return.
Muhammad The âseal of the prophetsâ â the last of
those who have come to convey divine
wisdom. He completes the teachings
of those who came before.
No formal view of
Muhammad
No formal view of
Muhammad
12. THE UMMAHThe community of all Muslims.
Islam has no supreme leader
to unite Muslims around the
world, it has no priests, yet
Islam knows itself to be a
community. Through the
community salvation is
achieved. Community is kept
alive by common practice for
all believers, wherever they
live ritual binds them,
transcending all differences.
This community transcends the
boundaries of race, ethnicity, language
and other cultural factors. The Ummah is
13. SACRED TEXTS
Qurâan (recitation)
âHoliest book in Islam, gives guidance on worship,
behaviour and how to view the world.
âUsually chanted aloud
âKnown as Wahi (revelation), revealed to Muhammad
through the Angel Gabriel.
âWas then transmitted orally from Muhammad to his
companions and eventually written down.
âMuslims believe that the revelations that Muhammad
received over a 23 year period literally form the unaltered
âwordâ of God.
âAs a result criticism of the Qurâan is not permitted by
anyone and anytime.
âThe Qurâan is the 1st
source of Islamic law
14. Hadith and Sunnah
â2nd
source of Islamic law (shariâah)
âCollections of Muhammad's words and actions.
âThree types of Hadith include:
âSayings directly associated with Muhammad
âAn action or practice of Muhammad's
âHis silent approval of someone elseâs actions
âScholars classify the Hadith literature to
determine its various grades of authority.
âFurther clarifies Muslim religious practices
mentioned in the Qurâan.
15. SHARIA LAW
âAll aspects of a Muslim's life are governed by Sharia.
Sharia law comes from a combination of the Qur'an, the
Hadith and the fatwas - the rulings of Islamic scholars.
âSharia divides actions into five categories: obligatory,
recommended, indifferent, disapproved and forbidden.
âThis law is all encompassing, setting forth in detail how
to practice Islam and how to live in a Muslim society.
âTo ignore Sharia is to stop being Muslim
âIn Canada Muslims observe Sharia law in the non-legal
moral aspects of their behaviour.
17. âAnd say to the believing women that they should lower their
gaze and guard their modesty; that they should not display
their beauty and ornaments except what (must ordinarily)
appear thereof; that they should draw their veils over their
bosoms and not display their beauty except to their husbands,
[a list of relatives], [household servants], or small children
who have no sense of the shame of sex; and that they should
not strike their feet in order to draw attention to their hidden
ornaments. And O ye Believers! turn ye all together towards
Allah, that ye may attain Bliss.24:31
VEILING IN THE QURâAN
âSay to the believing men that they should lower their gaze
and guard their modesty: that will make for greater purity
for them: And Allah is well acquainted with all that they do.
24:30
18. VEILING
âThe word Hijab is Arabic for âcoverâ
âSome Muslims required that women cover
every part of their body and hide their faces
behind a veil while others define veiling as
covering the hair in public.
âVeiling was a pre-Islamic practice in Arabia
and is no longer universal among Muslim
women.
19. JIHAD
âThe literal meaning of Jihad is struggle or effort, and it
means much more than holy war.
âMuslims use the word Jihad to describe three different
kinds of struggle:
âA believer's internal struggle to live out the Muslim faith as
well as possible (greater Jihad)
âThe struggle to build a good Muslim society
âHoly war: the struggle to defend Islam, with force if
necessary (lesser Jihad)
âWhen Muslims, or their faith or territory are under
attack, Islam permits the believer to wage military
war to protect them.
âHowever Islamic (shariah) law sets very strict rules
for the conduct of such a war.
20. JIHAD
â
Jihad is NOT to:
âforce conversion,
âcolonize other nations
âgain territory for economic
gain
âsettle disputes
âdemonstrate a leaders
power.
â
Jihad IS for:
âSelf-defense
âStrengthening Islam
âProtecting the freedom of
Muslims to practice their faith
âProtecting Muslims against
oppression, which could include
overthrowing a tyrannical ruler
âPunishing an enemy who
breaks an oath
âPutting right a wrong
21. DIETARY LAWS
âHalaal (permitted) vs. haraam (forbidden)
food
âNumber of bans on food for the sake of manâs
health including:
âAll carnivores and birds of prey
âEating blood, carrion, pork and the flesh of the
animal slaughtered without mentioning the name of
Allah.
ââA man becomes what he eatsâ â for Muslims
consumption of swine-flesh creates lowliness in
character and destroys moral and spiritual facilities
in a man.
22. HARRAM
âOther items/actions are forbidden if they cause social
maladies and harm more than they benefit. These
include:
âAlcohol and gambling
âUsury and illegal gain
âBlack magic
âFortunetelling (all forms of idolatry)
âAdultery, murder, pride, cursing and arrogance
âSlandering chaste women and backbiting
âSuicide
âOppression
âBetrayal of trust, taking false oaths and abandoning
relatives.
23. BAN ON IMAGES
âThe use of symbols as an expression of faith is
not present in Islam.
âMuhammad made it clear that people should
not revere pictures or sculptures of humans or
animals.
âIt is Godâs work to create living things and it is
wrong from humans to imitate this aspect of God.
âAs a result, Muslim art tends towards rich
patterns, calligraphy and colourful designs.
24. PREMARITAL RELATIONS
âNo such thing as girlfriend/boyfriend relationships, you
are either married or you are not.
ââWhenever a man is alone with a woman, Satan is the third among themâ
âWhen young people are getting to know one another
being alone is a temptation towards wrongdoing.
ââTell the men to lower their gaze and protect their private parts. That is
purer for them. Allah is aware of what they do.â
âSocial entertainments are generally within the family
and close friends of the family or among men and women
in separate groups.
âMixed gatherings offer opportunities to give in to human
weakness.
âRelationships out of wedlock are known as fornication,
punishable by Islamic law in Islamic states.
25. POLYGAMY
âLimited polygamy (having more than one wife) is
permitted while polyandry (having more than
one husband) is prohibited.
ââMarry women of your choice, two, or three, or four; but
if ye fear not be able to deal justly (with them), then only
oneâ â Qurâan
âEmphasis is to MARRY, not kidnap, buy, seduce,
molest, abuse or commit adultery.
âUpper limit is four and ONLY if they are all
treated fairly (which is almost impossible).
ââYou will not be able to do justice between your wives
however much you wish (to do so)â â Qurâan
âThus polygamy is an exception NOT the rule.
26. CRACK THE CODE
Which element of the Islamic code is being broken in each picture?
27.
28.
29.
30.
31. THE FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM
âThe five obligations every Muslim must satisfy in
order to live a good and responsible life according
to Islam.
âPointless to live life without putting oneâs faith into
action - carrying out the Five Pillars demonstrates
that the Muslim is putting their faith first.
âBetween the individual Muslim and Allah - there is
no point in carrying them out insincerely, or, trying
to cheat because God cannot be fooled and the only
person who suffers is the individual concerned.
32. 1ST
PILLAR - SHAHADAH
âBasic statement of the Islamic faith: anyone who cannot recite
this wholeheartedly is not a Muslim.
â"There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is his messenger."
âWhen a Muslim recites this they proclaim:
âThat Allah is the only God, and that Muhammad is his
prophet
âThat they personally accept this as true
âThat they will obey all of the commitments of Islam in
their life
âA Muslim is expected to recite this statement out loud, with
total sincerity, fully understanding what it means.
33. 2ND
PILLAR - SALAT
âObligatory Muslim prayers (five times a day).
âConnects each Muslim to all others.
âA series of movements go with the words of the prayer, as
prayer for a Muslim involves uniting mind, soul, and body in
worship.
âMuslims make sure that they are in the right frame of mind
before they pray; they put aside all everyday cares and
thoughts so that they can concentrate on God.
âPrior to prayers, a person must perform a ritual cleansing
(Wudu). Prayer must be said facing Mecca.
âPray because they believe Allah has told them to do this,
and because they obtain great benefit in doing so.
âDuring prayer each Muslim is in direct contact with Allah.
There is no need of a priest as an intermediary.
âMuslims can pray anywhere, but it is especially good to pray
with others in a mosque (as a reminder that all humanity is
one, and all are equal in the sight of Allah).
36. 3RD
PILLAR - ZAKAT
âThe compulsory giving of 2.5% of oneâs wealth to charity
each year. It is regarded as a type of worship and of self-
purification.
âThe benefits of Zakat, apart from helping the poor, are as
follows:
âObeying God
âHelping a person acknowledge that everything comes from God on loan
and that we do not really own anything ourselves
âAcknowledging that whether we are rich or poor is God's choice (so
we should help those he has chosen to make poor).
âLearning self-discipline
âFreeing oneself from the love of possessions and greed
âFreeing oneself from the love of money
âFreeing oneself from love of oneself
âBehaving honestly
37. 4TH
PILLAR - SAWM
âAll adult Muslims are required to fast during Ramadan, the
ninth month of the Islamic calendar. The following things must
be abstained from during the hours of daylight:
âFood or drink of any sort
âSmoking
âSexual activity
âMuslims are also expected to do their best to avoid evil
thoughts and deeds as well.
âReasons for this fast, include:
âObeying God
âLearning self-discipline
âBecoming spiritually stronger
âAppreciating God's gifts to us
âSharing the sufferings of the poor and developing sympathy
âRealizing the value of charity and generosity
âGiving thanks for the Holy Qur'an (1st
revealed in the month of
Ramadan)
âSharing fellowship with other Muslims
38. 4TH
PILLAR - SAWM
Eating in Ramadan
âDuring Ramadan many Muslims will try to eat a large meal
called suhur just before dawn.
âWhen daylight is over, most Muslims will break the fast with
dates or water, following the example of the Prophet
Muhammad, before having a proper meal later.
âThe evening meals during Ramadan are occasions for family
and community get togethers.
Eid ul-Fitr
âThe month of Ramadan ends with the festival of Eid ul-Fitr.
This is marked by dressing up and visiting the mosque for
prayer, and with visits to family and friends for celebratory
meals and gift giving.
39. 5TH
PILLAR - HAJJ
âOnce a year, Muslims of every ethnic group, colour, social
status, and culture gather together in Mecca and stand
before the Kaaba praising Allah together.
âDesigned to promote the bonds of Islamic brother/
sisterhood by showing that everyone is equal in the eyes of
Allah.
âThe Hajjis or pilgrims wear simple white clothes called
Ihram. During the Hajj the Pilgrims perform acts of worship
and they renew their sense of purpose in the world.
âMecca is a place that is holy to all Muslims. It is so holy that
all non-Muslims are forbidden to enter.
âThe Hajj occurs in the month of Dhul Hijjah (the 12th month
of the Islamic lunar calendar).
âEvery sane adult Muslim must undertake the Hajj at least
once in their lives if they can afford it and are physically
able.
40. F.Y.I:
THE KABBA
âBuilt on Allahâs orders by the prophet Ibrahim (Abraham)
âThis shrine, dedicated to Allah, was to be the gathering
place for all who wished to strengthen their faith.
âEventually fell into disuse and idols were stored within its
walls.
âAllah told the Prophet Muhammad that he should restore
the Kaaba to the worship of Allah only.
âIn 628 the Prophet Muhammad set out on a journey with
1400 of his followers to re-establish the religious
traditions of Abraham.
âInside the sanctuary are some silver and gold lamps, the
most important object is an oval black stone which
Muslims believe was given to Abraham by an angel.
43. THE MOSQUE
âEvery Friday Muslims offer mandatory congregational
prayers at the Mosque.
âMost Mosques share the following features:
âA dome and/or minaret (from which people are called to
prayer)
âA steady supply of water to perform Wudu
âAn arch (mihrab) that points to Mecca (focal point so all
prayer can be directed towards the Kaâbah).
âNo seats, just a large open area which is often carpeted.
âShoes come off before entering
âWomen and men pray separately (to avoid distraction)
âPrayers are led by an Iman who delivers a sermon before
Friday prayers, he speaks from an elevated platform called
a Minbar.
44.
45. THE DOME OF THE
ROCK
Oldest existing Islamic
building built on a Holy
site claimed by Jews,
Christians and Muslims.
46. DIVISIONS IN ISLAM
Sunni Shiâah (Shiâite) Sufi
â85% of the worldâs
Muslims
âSelect leaders based
on ability. Over time
became the most
influential group in
Islam.
âNo human mediator â
emphasize direct
relationship with Allah.
âBelieve in building
consensus within the
community in order to
create a just and
equitable society.
âFollow the traditions of
the Prophet as well as
the four schools of
Sunni law.
âThe party of Ali â believe that
prior to the death of
Muhammad, the prophet
choose his son-in-law, Ali, as
his successor. Ali was never
chosen as leader creating a
political division within the
community.
âBelieve that after the death of
Muhammad a series of
infallible leaders called Imams
were to take charge of Islam
and guide the community.
âSmall but noticeable group
dominating politics and
religious life in Iran and acting
as a vocal minority in Iraq, East
Africa, Pakistan and India.
âMystical philosophy of
Islam
âGoal is to develop
spirituality both
inwardly and
outwardly in order to
discover the reality of
God.
âEmphasize sincerity
and excellence,
performing prayers and
meditations. To
develop constant and
deep concentration
Sufiâs use music,
chanting or dancing.
âSufism is practiced by
both Sunnis and shiâ
ahs.
47. THE NATION OF ISLAM
âA religious group founded in Detroit, by Wallace D. Fard Muhammad
in July 1930 with the self-proclaimed goal of resurrecting the
spiritual, mental, social and economic
condition of the black men and women of America
âThe Nation of Islam teaches that W. Fard Muhammad is both
the âMessiah" of Christianity and the Mahdi of Islam.
âTheir teachings are heretical by traditional Islamic standards which
abhor the deification of any person.
âOne of Fard's first disciples was Elijah Muhammad, who led
the organization from 1935 through 1975.
âFrom 1978 to the present, Louis Farrakhan has been the
leader.
âThe Nation of Islam's National Center and headquarters is
located in Chicago
âAs of 2005, the Nation of Islam was included in the Southern
Poverty Law Centerâs list of active hate groups in the United States
due to the groups racial teachings.