1. RETAILING
Private Label

2. What are Private Labels?
• Private Labels are Retailers own, control, and exclusively
sell store brands
• Private Label are a ‘Good Alternative’ to Other Brands,
Offering the Same Quality & Value
• Private labels are regarded as good Value for Money, and
Quality on Par with the Big Brands.

3. Journey of Private Labels
• The origin of private label can be traced back to the ‘60s and
‘70s where the offering was cheaper, generic products.
• In 1970’s they were in the form of black and white labelled
products.
• The major improvement in packaging was the first step in the
success of private label.
• Traditionally, private label products have focused on the low-
end price point. Now, some retailers will offer private label
products across multiple price points including a premium line.
• The popularity of private label is creating an additional
challenge to name brand producers who need to recover
expensive advertising and marketing costs.

4. Who Makes Private Label Products?
• Private label products are made by several types of
manufacturers.
• Some large brand manufacturers use their excess
capacity and expertise to produce private label products.
• These products may be sold into food service venues or
retail locations.

5. National Brands vs. Private label
• Manufacturer (National) Brands
• Designed, produced, and
marketed by a vendor and sold
by many retailers
• Private-Label (Store) Brands
• Developed by retailer and only
sold in retailer’s outlets

6. Spectrum of
National vs. Private Label
The Gap
Limited
Marks &
Spencer
IKEA
Home Depot
% Store
Brands
National
Brands
Macy’s
Target

7. Relative Advantages of
National Brands versus Private Brands
Type of Vendor
Impact on Store National Private-Label
Brands Brands
Store loyalty ? +
Store image + +
Traffic flow + +
Selling and promotional + -
expenses
Restrictions - +
Differential advantages - +

8. Private Labels
Advantages
• Unique merchandise not
available at competitive
outlets
• Difficult for customers to
compare price with
competitors
• Higher margins
Disadvantages
• Need to develop expertise
in developing and
promoting brand
• Typically less desirable for
customers

9. National Brands
Advantages
• More desired by customers
• Don’t need skills and people
to develop and promote
merchandise
Disadvantages
• Lower margins
• Vulnerable to competitive
pressures

10. Most Recognized Apparel
and Accessory Private Label Brands

11. Examples of
Private-Label Brands

12. Examples of
Private-Label Brands

13. Private Label Options
• Bargain Branding
• no-frills product at a discount price.
• Copycat Branding
• imitates the manufacturer brand in appearance and trade dress
• Premium Branding
• private label at a comparable manufacturer-brand quality.
• Parallel Branding
• private labels that closely imitate the trade dress and product
attributes of leading manufacturer brands.

14. Consumers perception about Private
Labels

15. Price comparison of a National brand
and a Store brand in US

16. Some Categories More Suitable than
Others
• Categories preferred for Private Labels
• Dog food
• Kitchen towels
• Sugar
• Flour
• Paper products
• Plastic wraps
• Water
• Rice and cooking products
• Categories less preferred for Private Labels
• Shampoo
• Baby food
• Pasta sauce

17. Preference of Private Labels
• Two thirds of global consumers consider supermarket
own, or ‘Private Label’, brands to be a good alternative to
other brands
• The market shares of store brands vary by product class
and across countries
• Global average who considers Supermarket Own Brands
as a good alternative to other brands – 68%
• Europe: 78%
• the Pacific: 78%
• North America: 77%
• South Africa: 72%
• Latin Americans: 64%
• Asia: 51%

18. Store brand market share in some other countries
41
29
24
22
20
12
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Switzerland Canada Spain
Store Brand
Market
Share

19. Private Labels in Hong Kong
Private label brands still have a long way to go in
Hong Kong
The 17% growth of private label brands in Hong Kong in
2011 is way below Asian peers.

21. Benefit to Consumers
• Good Alternative to name brands
• Quality as good as name brands
• Good value for money
• Good for people on tight budgets who can’t afford the best
• The cost savings for the typical consumer is large

22. Benefit to Retailers
• Significantly bigger margin on those sales.
• Significant source of additional profitability.
• Gives the retailer the flexibility to more easily align a
specific customer need with a specific product.
• The packaging and labels can be custom tailored to meet
customer needs
• Allows more control over pricing strategies.
• Gives freedom for retailers to create their own marketing
plans and to control their own inventory in stock.
• Promote stronger customer loyalty toward retailer store.