"We are doing it wrong."

We are doing it wrong.
10th international TYPO3 conference
!
Robert Weißgraeber, aexea

/me
Robert Weißgraeber
Principal @ aexea

what we do:
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avowed fans of denim and therefore come in a trendy jeans look, as
reflected by the traditional denim elements, for instance the coin
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x10000
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"#$%
&'

#NoEstimates
http://www.pleacher.com/mp/mgifs/gifs16/imp.jpg

“We are doing it wrong.”
This talk may contain subversive ideas. You have been warned.
Do try this at home.

“We are doing it wrong.”
!
Aspects of project management in modern software development.

№?
Why do we need to change something?

Technology adaption rate is getting stellar.
Graphic: Technology adaption rate in the US (Consumer Technologies,10-90%).
Adoption Rates of Consumer Technologies: commercekitchen.com

Technology life cycles go down.
Graphic: Duration of technologies as growth pulses (Consumer Technologies,10-90%).
Adoption Rates of Consumer Technologies: commercekitchen.com

Can you deliver
fast enough?
past? present? future?
Maersk Agile Journey.

Rethink the role of software in your business.
• Separation of software & business?
• Software solutions in a support role or as a solution in its own right?
• Adoption of mega-trends? Secure?
• Software as game changer?

”Today every company is a
software company. That includes
John Deere and Nordstrom.“
@barry_crist (CEO @ Chef)

There will be no
4th Industrial
Revolution.
The evolution is already here.
And its not coming with a version
number attached anymore.
Industry 4.0 Graphic: http://www.siemens.com/annual/13/en/company-report/report-industry-solutions/strategic-context/img/130E_StrategieUSA_E_Grafiken02_%5BWeb%5D.png
Jenkins Logo Adaption: http://www.praqma.com/sites/default/files/cool-jenkins2x3.png

Not every system
is mission critical.
If you don’t care about your
brand or (possible) employees.

http://mkhmarketing.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/orange-keep-calm-sign.png

№1
Metaphors.
Our analogies are wrong.

http://www.maurerunited.nl/wp-content/uploads/2009/07/090731_day_1024x768.jpg

Create the
Impossible.
You are not limited to physical
boundaries.
http://www.mcescher.com/gallery/impossible-constructions/waterfall/

other analogies & metaphors
• building a bridge
• comparing software to art
• sports metaphors
• gardening, landscaping

№2
Extensive Process Governance

What we do:
• We want predictive and reliable software releases
• Long term plan/backlog of features
• High Inventory on Ideas & Work in Progress
• Extensive prioritization and contracts
• Risk aversion by agent
• Linear process with multiple sign offs

№3
Optimizing on Resource Utilization.
*: resource = human people

Resource Planning!
• Backlog of work / orders
• Long time commitment
• Committed salaries/resources
• Resource planning as system process

Client/Business
• fast implementation
• costs
• problem fitting software („the right
one“)
!
!
• „the way we work together has to
integrate with how our company
works“
Dev Shop/Agency
• getting paid
• averting risks
• mid/long term commitment
!
• „we have more problems finding
developers than fitting projects“
Dev Team
• making a difference by delivering
meaningful software
• working with experts
• „craftsmanship“, clean code…
• salary, job security, …
!
• live is too short for bad jobs
Conflict of Interest?

Little's law
Throughput
Work in Progress
Lead Time
=

Little's law
Work in Progress
=
Throughput
Lead Time

Cycle Time as a
Function of
Utilization (and
Batch Size)
leanessays.com
30x
Cycle Time
0
1
II
III
Resource Utilization: 40% 60% 80% 100%

Reduced Lead time
• delivering fast is valuable
• increases throughput
• faster payout
• enables a faster delivery of value (testable on fit)
• reduced risk
• shorter feedback cycles (e.g. cash flow) can replace planning
processes
Needed Changes
• minimize Work in Progress (wip limit, process steps)
• Focusing on flow instead of utilization
• smaller batch size
Where is the $$?

№4
Heijunka
Choosing a non-adaptive technique for non-standardized activities.

Value Chain und Work in Progress.
Work in Progress
=
Throughput
Lead Time

Architecture / Design
Needs Live
Software Development Value Stream
softwarecreation.org
Feature
Analysis / Requirements
Programming
Testing / Acceptance
Deployment / Delivery
Customer not available
Business Approval
Excessive up-front
architecture
Design approval
Meetings
Over-engineering
Developers involvement
in other Projects
Fixing Bugs
Redoing because of
incorrect requirement
and stress
Deferred Integration Debt

Software Development Flow
cut back on
• sitting idle
• waiting for somebody to work on it
fast exchange of information
• move design, code and information fast
• link processes and people together to make problems surface
right away
• remove linear sequences

“One-Piece Continous Flow.” Citrix Online applied this pattern at the enterprise level and reduced release cycles from 42 months to less than 10
months resulting in substantial gains in market share for their products.
scrumplop.org

“All the brilliant minds working on
!
the same thing…
at the same time…
in the same space
on the same computer…
!
just like a real mob.”
!
– Woody Zuill
It exists. it’s called „Mob Programming“.

№5
Projects.
Moving #BeyondProjects.
Start thinking small: Diseconomies of Scale.

a Project
• a temporary organization
• to achieve predefined result
• at a pre-specified time
• using predetermined results.
Success Criteria
• On Schedule
• On Budget
• On Quality (~ Features)
Assumptions
• The Value is knowable (at the start)
• There is no value in flexibility.
Intrinsic Properties

“Delivering on schedule, budget & features
is a sign of failure, not success.”
Allan Kelly, #NoProjects
@allankellynet

We make
decisions, when
we know the
least.
Decision
Impact
Time in Project
Knowledge Learned
Stuff

Projects are, where software
goes to die.
Successful Software does not end.
http://www.dorkly.com/post/1243/pacman-graves

Software is state, not result.
• Treat everything as Service Creation & Service Delivery
• Don’t limit your options by long-term determination

Bring work to stable teams
• Create stable performing teams
• Close to the business
• Bring the work to the team
• Manage different teams as queues with capacity, not via queue switching.

16%
16%
3% 3% 4% 5%
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
3% 3% 4% 5%
Requirement
12%
6% 5%
7%
12%
1% 1%
21%
3%
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Figure 2. The value distribution of the 14 requirements in the RAN project.
Requirement
Value (percent)
Value (percent)
20
15
10
5
0
20
15
10
5
0
12%
6% 5%
7%
12%
1% 1%
21%
3%
Figure 2. The value distribution of the 14 requirements in the RAN project.
Requirement
6
The Value Distribution of Requirements in a Project is not linear.
discussion,
re-quirements
actu-ally
use
for
Systems
Computer
Linköping
joint
and
phases
As
January
in-dustry-
per-forming
in-dustrial
study,
Access
was to
for a
infor-mation
system
small,
our
now an
research
using the cost–value approach.
We asked a group of experienced pro-ject
members to represent customers’
views and carefully instructed them on
Requirement
implementation cost.
We let the participants work with the
requirement pairs in any order they chose,
allowing for retraction during the com-parison
Cost (percent)
20
15
10
5
0
1% 2% 3% 4%
6%
11%
4%
6% 7%
12%
4%
6%
23%
10%
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Figure 3. Estimated cost of requirements implementation in the RAN project.
Requirements 6, 10, 13, and 14 constitute 56 percent of the total implementation costs.
discussion,
re-quirements
actu-ally
use
for
Systems
Computer
Linköping
joint
and
phases
As
January
in-dustry-
per-forming
in-dustrial
study,
Access
was to
for a
infor-mation
system
small,
our
now an
research
level
the
high-level
using the cost–value approach.
We asked a group of experienced pro-ject
members to represent customers’
views and carefully instructed them on
prioritizing requirements, making pair-wise
comparisons, choosing the scale to
be used, and deciding how many com-parisons
would be needed. We also ex-plained
implementation cost.
We let the participants work with the
requirement pairs in any order they chose,
allowing for retraction during the com-parison
process. The session was not
moderated and participants worked at
their own pace. Discussions were allowed,
though in fact there were very few.
Cost (percent)
20
15
10
5
0
1% 2% 3% 4%
6%
11%
4%
6% 7%
12%
4%
6%
23%
10%
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Figure 3. Estimated cost of requirements implementation in the RAN project.
Requirements 6, 10, 13, and 14 constitute 56 percent of the total implementation costs.
a ratio scale. This means that a require-ment
whose determined value is 0.10 is
twice as valuable as a requirement with a
determined value of 0.05. Moreover, the
sum of all requirements value measures is
1, 2, 3, and 11—account
for only 10 percent. Looking again at the
extreme values, requirement number 13
is about 20 times as expensive to imple-ment
as requirement number 1.
12, reduced by that cost CASE THE and a second that Performance mobile project of 15 of 5 15
Value (percent)
25
20
15
10
5
0
0 10 20 25
Cost (percent)
1 5
2
4
3
7
9
11 12
14
10
13
8
Figure 4. Cost–value diagram for the RAN project requirements. By not implement-ing
the requirements that contribute little to stakeholder satisfaction, such as 10, 11, and
12, you can significantly reduce the cost and duration of development.
Karlsson/Ryan: „a cost-value approach for prioritizing requirements“, IEEE 1997

Reduce Batch Size
• „Elephant carpaccio“, „hamburger method“
• identify non-linear value distributions
• early, provable value delivery
• enables options by selection
• create portfolio of options
!
• Deliver features, not projects.

№6
„Investment Decisions“

Estimating software is fed from our believe
in the omnipotence of project managers.
#NoEstimates

Software development is a
learning process.
!Working code is a side effect.
Learning is non linear.
- Alberto Brandolini
http://www.astro.princeton.edu/~jstone/images/sp.gif

Cost of Delay
End dates are bad.
Deadlines are good.

“Technical debt is not like debt with the
bank. It's debt with the mob.”
- Alberto Brandolini (@ziobrando)

№7
Doing things, that are
technically possible.

What is „Done“?
Software that's out in production doing its job.
Anything else is just self-delusion.

blog.endpoint.com stackoverflow.com blog.spearce.org

Continous Delivery should be a mutual interest of everyone.
http://electric-cloud.com/blog/2014/10/the-big-bang-and-why-we-are-here/

Released software starts delivering value.
Value
Time / Releases Time / Releases
Value

The software is ready for
release. Every single
moment.

Continous
Delivery requires
automation.
wikipedia.com

“If Google has no branches, why do you
think you might need them?”
Amazon releases to production every 11.6 seconds.
(Number from May 2011)

Work with aligned interests.
Trust in working together. Make everything transparent.

Do valuable software.
Meaningful software is far beyond some %s. Change the game.

Deliver early and continuously.
Deliver value and make it provable.

Focus on flow and service state.
Flow, throughput, velocity, flexibility.

Thank you.
Robert Weißgraeber, @robert_we

"We are doing it wrong."

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