There are five cases mentioned in the document where a person would be exempt from punishment by a Jewish court but still liable in heaven:
1. Someone who does work with a chatas water or cow, disqualifying it.
2. Someone who poisons another's animal, causing it to die.
3. Someone who sends a fire with a minor, insane person, or deaf-mute that causes damage.
4. Someone who frightens another and injures them.
5. Someone who leaves a broken object or fallen animal in a public area that causes injury.
The document goes on to explain that Rabbi Yehoshua chose these specific cases because in each one, there
9. True, there are many cases with this same Halacha, but רבי יהושע specifically picked these because in each there is reason to believe that he should be פטור even in Heaven Because…
10. It was a dangerous, rickety wall! It was a mitzvah to knock it down before it hurt someone, even if the animals would escape. Case 1 מהו דתימא … קא משמע לן … He is חייב in Heaven anyway
11. He can claim “How was I to know that an abnormal wind would spread the fire?!” According to רב אשי ‘ s version… He can claim that he was covering the grain in order to protect it from being burned מהו דתימא … קא משמע לן … He is חייב in Heaven anyway Case 2
12. He can claim “The witnesses could have refused, and listened to Hashem, instead of me!” Case 3 מהו דתימא … קא משמע לן … He is חייב in Heaven anyway
13. He can claim “Even if I would have testified, he may have sworn falsely and stolen the money anyway!” Case 4 מהו דתימא … קא משמע לן … He is חייב in Heaven anyway
![[object Object],Are these the only four cases that are פטור in בית דין but חייב in Heaven??? But there are others! Such as…](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)