The first carved laws in a society: -criminal (theft/violence) -civil (deeds/personal injury) Punishments followed the theory of lex talionis an eye for eye -execution -amputations -fines -no imprisonment -social status considered
Mosaic Law: Hebrews Moses tablets -tied to religion -uniform standard -lex talionis -punishment fit crime Roman Law- -Twelve Tables-rights of Roman citizens -death penalty and compensation -early imprisonment -exile replaced execution
Medieval-feudalism: -Lords/citizens/serfs -evolved from assemblies of free men in courts To -enforcement of royal rights (landholders) -Baron presided over disputes -between vassals -sought advice of other vassals (peers) -away from capital punishment-mutilation-exhibitory
17 th & 18 Th Centuries Banishment Transportation 1700’s: -American colonies (lack of labor) Transportation Act of 1718 -replaced execution/punishment of its own -50,000 transported before 1775 -1788-1868-160,000 -Australia
Houses of Corrections (Bridewell House): -vagrants/beggars -unruly wives/children -hard work Masion de Force: -work not deterrent -learned trade
Early America: -various housing units-crimes/debts -1785-Castle Island -1 st state prison in US -housed people convicted
Pennsylvania System: -separate/ and silent -insanity and costly Auburn System: -congregate and silent -enforced with flogging Elmira Reformatory: -prepare for return to society
American West: -1880-Folsom-overcowded -Washington Territory -leased prisoners to industry Yuma Territorial prison: -electricity/circulated heat/library
Medical model (1930s): -offenders sick versus bad -exam/diagnose/treatment -personal histories/reception and diagnostic centers -Professional staff -Treatment programs -Community corrections