dna,dna replication

1. สมบัติของสารพันธุกรรม
¤ÃÙ©ÇÕÇÃó §ÒÁǧȏÇÒ¹ âçàÃÕ¹ºŒÒ¹Êǹ(¨Ñè¹Í¹ØÊó)ªÅºØÃÕ

2. คุณสมบัติของสารพันธุกรรม
1. µŒÍ§ÊÒÁÒöà¾ÔèÁ¨íҹǹµÑÇàͧ䴌â´ÂÁÕÅѡɳÐàËÁ×͹à´ÔÁ à¾×èÍãËŒ
ÊÒÁÒö¶‹Ò·ʹÅѡɳзҧ¾Ñ¹¸Ø¡ÃÃÁ¨Ò¡ÃØ‹¹¾‹ÍáÁ‹ä»ÂѧÃØ‹¹ÅÙ¡ä´Œ
2. ÊÒÁÒö¤Çº¤ØÁãËŒà«ÅŏÊѧà¤ÃÒÐˏÊÒõ‹Ò§æ à¾×èÍáÊ´§ÅѡɳÐ
·Ò§¾Ñ¹¸Ø¡ÃÃÁãËŒ»ÃÒ¡¯
3. µŒÍ§ÊÒÁÒöà»ÅÕè¹á»Å§ä´ŒºŒÒ§ «Ö觡ÒÃà»ÅÕè¹á»Å§·Õè
à¡Ô´¢Öé¹ÍÒ¨¡‹ÍãËŒà¡Ô´Åѡɳзҧ¾Ñ¹¸Ø¡ÃÃÁ·Õè¼Ô´á¼¡ä»
¨Ò¡à´ÔÁ áÅÐ໚¹ª‹Í§·Ò§ãËŒà¡Ô´Ê»‚ªÕʏãËÁ‹æ¢Öé¹
¤ÃÙ©ÇÕÇÃó §ÒÁǧȏÇÒ¹

3. ¡ÒÃÊѧà¤ÃÒÐˏ DNA
ã¹¢³Ð·Õèà«Åŏ¨ÐÁÕ¡ÒÃẋ§µÑǨÐÁÕ¡ÒÃà¾ÔèÁ¨íҹǹ Chromosome
ÍÕ¡ 1 à·‹ÒµÑÇã¹ÃÐÂÐ Interphase ¢Í§¡ÒÃẋ§à«ÅŏẺ Mitosis
â´ÂàÃÕ¡¡Ãкǹ¡ÒùÕéÇ‹Ò ¡ÒÃÊѧà¤ÃÒÐˏ DNA ËÃ×Í
DNA Replication
·íÒãËŒÁÕ¡ÒÃà¾ÔèÁâÁàÅ¡ØŢͧ DNA ¨Ò¡ 1 âÁàÅ¡ØŠ໚¹ 2
âÁàÅ¡ØŠᵋÅÐâÁàÅ¡ØÅÁÕ¾ÍÅÔ¹ÔǤÅÕâÍä·´ ÊÒÂà´ÔÁ 1 ÊÒ áÅÐ
ÊÒÂãËÁ‹ 1 ÊÒ àÃÕ¡ÇÔ¸Õ¡ÒèíÒÅͧÅѡɳйÕé໚¹
Ẻ¡Öè§Í¹ØÃѡɏ (Semiconservative )
¤ÃÙ©ÇÕÇÃó §ÒÁǧȏÇÒ¹
 ·ÔÈ·Ò§¡ÒÃÊѧà¤ÃÒÐˏ DNA ÊÒÂãËÁ‹ ¨Ò¡»ÅÒ 5′ ä»Âѧ 3′

4. http://www.urmc.rochester.edu/research/kornberg.html
»‚ ¾.È. 2499 ÍÒÏà¸ÍÏ ¤Í¹àºÔÏ¡( Arthur Kornberg) ¹Ñ¡à¤ÁÕ
ªÒÇÍàÁÃԡѹ໚¹ ¤¹áá·ÕèÊÒÁÒöÊѧà¤ÃÒÐˏâÁàÅ¡ØŢͧ DNA ã¹
ËÅÍ´·´Åͧ䴌ÊíÒàÃç¨

5. 䴌ᡋ DNA áÁ‹¾ÔÁ¾
¹ÔǤÅÕâÍä·´ 4 ª¹Ô´ ¤×Í ¹ÔǤÅÕâÍä·´·ÕèÁÕàºÊ A ¹ÔǤÅÕâÍä·´·ÕèÁÕàºÊ T
¹ÔǤÅÕâÍä·´·ÕèÁÕàºÊ C áÅÐ ¹ÔǤÅÕâÍä·´·ÕèÁÕàºÊ G
â´Â¹íÒà͹ä«Á DNA ¾ÍÅÔàÁÍàÃÊ (DNA polymerase) «Öè§Ê¡Ñ´¨Ò¡
Ấ·ÕàÃÕ E.coli ãÊ‹ã¹ËÅÍ´·´Åͧ·ÕèÁÕÊÒûÃСͺ·Õè¨íÒ໚¹µ‹Í¡ÒÃ
Êѧà¤ÃÒÐˏDNA
áÅÐà͹ä«Á DNA ¾ÍÅÔàÁÍàÃÊ
«Ö觨зíÒ˹ŒÒ·Õèàª×èÍÁ¹ÔǤÅÕâÍä·´ãËŒµ‹Í¡Ñ¹à»š¹ÊÒÂÂÒÇ
â´ÂÁÕ·ÔÈ·Ò§¡ÒÃÊѧà¤ÃÒÐˏÊÒ DNA ÊÒÂãËÁ‹¨Ò¡
»ÅÒ 5′ ä»Âѧ »ÅÒ 3′

6. ¡Ò䌹¾ºà͹ä«Á·Õè㪌㹡ÒÃàª×èÍÁ¹ÔǤÅÕâÍä·´à¢ŒÒ´ŒÇ¡ѹÁÕ
¤ÇÒÁÊíÒ¤ÑÞÍ‹ҧÁÒ¡ã¹»ÃÐÇѵÔÈÒʵϢͧÇԪҾѹ¸ØÈÒʵÏ
à¾ÃÒÐ෋ҡѺNjҹѡÇÔ·ÂÒÈÒʵϾºÇ‹Ò.............
¡ÒÃÊѧà¤ÃÒÐˏ DNA ÊÒÁÒöà¡Ô´¢Öé¹ä´Œã¹ËÅÍ´·´Åͧ
â´ÂäÁ‹¨íÒ໚¹µŒÍ§à¡Ô´¢Öé¹ÀÒÂã¹à«Åŏ¢Í§ÊÔè§ÁÕªÕÇԵ෋ҹÑé¹
¤ÃÙ©ÇÕÇÃó §ÒÁǧȏÇÒ¹

7. ÀÒ¾áÊ´§¡ÒÃÊѧà¤ÃÒÐˏ DNA
¤ÃÙ©ÇÕÇÃó §ÒÁǧȏÇÒ¹

8. ÊÔ觷Õè㪌㹡Ãкǹ¡ÒùÕéÁմѧ¹Õé
2. àÎÅÔà¤Ê (DNA Helicase ËÃ×Í Helix-
Destabilizing Protein) ໚¹à͹ä«Á·ÕèÊÅÒ¾ѹ¸Ð
äÎâ´Ãਹ ·íÒãËŒâÁàÅ¡ØÅ DNA ÁÕ¡ÒäÅÒÂà¡ÅÕÂǤً ÍÍ¡¨Ò¡
¡Ñ¹à»š¹ÊÒÂà´ÕèÂÇ 2 ÊÒÂâ´ÂÍÒÈѾÅѧ§Ò¹¨Ò¡¡ÒÃÊÅÒÂ
ATP
1. DNA áÁ‹áºº (DNA Template)
¤ÃÙ©ÇÕÇÃó §ÒÁǧȏÇÒ¹

9. 4. ´ÕàÍç¹àÍä¨àÃÊ (DNA Gyrase ËÃ×Í
Topoisomerase) ·íÒ˹ŒÒ·Õè¤ÅÒ»Áà˹×ͨشá¡
(Replication fork) â´Â¡ÒõѴ DNA ÊÒÂã´ÊÒÂ
˹Öè§ÍÍ¡ à¾×èÍãËŒ¤ÅÒÂà¡ÅÕÂÇä´ŒáŌǨ֧µ‹Í¡ÅѺãËÁ‹
3. â»ÃµÕ¹ SSB (Single Strand DNA Binding Protein : SSB
ËÃ×Í DBP) ¨Ð¨Ñº¡Ñº DNA ÊÒÂà´ÕèÂÇ·Õèá¡ÍÍ¡¨Ò¡¡Ñ¹à»š¹µÑÇ»‡Í§¡Ñ¹äÁ‹ãËŒ
DNA ÊÒÂà´ÕèÂÇ¡ÅѺ仨Ѻ¡Ñ¹ÍÕ¡ áÅл‡Í§¡Ñ¹ DNA ÊÒÂà´ÕèÂÇäÁ‹ãËŒ¶Ù¡Â‹ÍÂâ´Â
à͹ä«Á Nuclease (¹ÔǤÅÕàÍÊ)
¤ÃÙ©ÇÕÇÃó §ÒÁǧȏÇÒ¹

10. 7. ´ÕàÍç¹àÍäÅà¡Ê (DNA Ligase) ·íÒ˹ŒÒ·Õèàª×èÍÁ´ÕàÍç¹àÍ
àÊŒ¹ÊÑé¹ æ ࢌҴŒÇ¡ѹ â´Â¡ÒÃÊÌҧ¾Ñ¹¸Ð¿ÍÊâ¿ä´àÍÊ
à·ÍÏ (Phosphodiester bond) àª×èÍÁ
5. ´ÕàÍç¹àÍä¾ÃàÁÊ (DNA Primase) ·íÒ˹ŒÒ·ÕèÊÌҧ RNA àÃÔèÁµŒ¹
(RNA Primer)
6. ´ÕàÍç¹à;ÍÅÔàÁÍàÃÊ (DNA polymerase) ·íÒ˹ŒÒ·Õè㹡Òõ‹Í
ÊÒ Polynucleotide ãËŒÂÒÇ¢Öé¹áÅеÃǨÊͺÅíҴѺàºÊ·Õè¼Ô´¾ÅÒ´
áÅСíҨѴÅíҴѺàºÊ·Õè¼Ô´¾ÅÒ´ÍÍ¡ä» ÃÇÁ¶Ö§¡ÒáíҨѴ RNA Primer
áÅÐÂѧ໚¹à͹ä«ÁËÅѡ㹡ÒèíÒÅͧµÑǢͧ DNA
¤ÃÙ©ÇÕÇÃó §ÒÁǧȏÇÒ¹

11. ขั้นตอนการสังเคราะห DNA
¤ÃÙ©ÇÕÇÃó §ÒÁǧȏÇÒ¹ âçàÃÕ¹ºŒÒ¹Êǹ(¨Ñè¹Í¹ØÊó)ªÅºØÃÕ

12. 1. DNA Helicase ࢌÒÊÅÒ¾ѹ¸ÐäÎâ´Ãਹ·íÒãËŒÊÒ DNA à¡ÅÕÂǤً
á¡ÍÍ¡¨Ò¡¡Ñ¹¨Ðä´Œ DNA ÊÒÂà´ÕèÂÇ 2 ÊÒÂ
¤ÃÙ©ÇÕÇÃó §ÒÁǧȏÇÒ¹

13. 2. â»ÃµÕ¹ SSB ࢌÒÁÒà¡ÒкÃÔàdz DNA ÊÒÂà´ÕèÂÇ·Õèá¡ÍÍ¡¨Ò¡¡Ñ¹
·Ñ駹Õéà¾×èÍ»‡Í§¡Ñ¹äÁ‹ãËŒ DNA ÊÒÂà´ÕèÂÇ·Ñé§ÊͧÊÒ¹Ñ鹡ÅѺÁҾѹà¡ÅÕÂǡѹ
¤ÃÙ©ÇÕÇÃó §ÒÁǧȏÇÒ¹

14. 3. RNA Primase ÊÌҧ RNA primer «Öè§ RNA Primer ¨Ð·íÒ
˹ŒÒ·Õè໚¹¨Ø´àÃÔèÁµŒ¹¡Ò÷íÒ§Ò¹¢Í§ DNA Polymerase
¤ÃÙ©ÇÕÇÃó ¹Ò¤ºØµÃ

15. 4. DNA polymerase ࢌҨѺ¡ÑºÊÒ DNA áÅÐ ¹íÒ´ÕÍÍ¡«ÕäÃâº-
¹ÔǤÅÕâÍä·´à´ÕèÂÇ (Deoxyribonucleotide) ࢌÒÁÒµ‹ÍÊÒÂã¹·ÔÈ·Ò§
5' 3' â´Âàª×èÍÁàºÊ·Õè¤Ù‹¡Ñ¹à¢ŒÒ´ŒÇ¡ѹ´ŒÇ¾ѹ¸ÐäÎâ´Ãਹ áÅÐàª×èÍÁ
ËÁÙ‹¿ÍÊ࿵¢Í§áµ‹ÅÐ Nucleotide ãˌ໚¹¾Ñ¹¸Ð Phosphodiester
àÁ×èͨش¤ÅÒÂà¡ÅÕÂÇàÅ×è͹¢Öé¹ä»¡ç¨Ðä´Œ DNA ÊÒÂãËÁ‹·ÕèÂÒÇ¢Öé¹àÃ×èÍÂæ µÒÁ
·ÔÈ·Ò§¡ÒÃà¤Å×è͹·Õè¢Í§ Replication fork àÃÕ¡ DNA ÊÒ¹ÕéÇ‹Ò
Leading strand
¤ÃÙ©ÇÕÇÃó §ÒÁǧȏÇÒ¹

16. 5. ã¹¢³Ð·Õèà¡Ô´¡ÒÃÊѧà¤ÃÒÐˏ DNA ÊÒ Leading º¹ DNA
áÁ‹áººÊÒÂ˹Öè§ ¡ç¨Ðà¡Ô´¡ÒÃÊѧà¤ÃÒÐˏ DNA ã¹ÍÕ¡ÊÒÂ˹Öè§ áµ‹ÁÕ
·ÔÈ·Ò§µÃ§¡Ñ¹¢ŒÒÁ¡Ñº¡ÒÃà¤Å×è͹·Õè¢Í§ Replication fork â´Â¨Ð
ÊÌҧ䴌໚¹ÊÒÂÊÑé¹æ àÃÕ¡ DNA ÊÒÂÊÑé¹æ ᵋÅÐÊÒ¹ÕéÇ‹ÒªÔé¹Ê‹Ç¹âÍ¡Ò«Ò¡Ô
(Okazaki fragment) áÅÐàÃÕ¡àÃÕ¡ DNA ÊÒÂÊÑé¹æ ·ÕèÇÒ§àÃÕ§ÃÒÂ
¡Ñ¹ã¹ÅѡɳÐ໚¹ÊÒÂÂÒǹÕéÇ‹Ò Lagging strand
¤ÃÙ©ÇÕÇÃó §ÒÁǧȏÇÒ¹

17. 6. àÁ×èÍ¡ÒÃÊѧà¤ÃÒÐˏ DNA ´íÒà¹Ô¹µ‹Íä» DNA polymerase ¨ÐÁÕÁ
ÁÕ¡ÒáíҨѴ RNA primer ÍÍ¡ «Ö觨зíÒãËŒ DNA ºÃÔàdz´Ñ§¡Å‹ÒÇÍÂÙ‹
ã¹ÊÀÒ¾ÊÒÂà´ÕèÂÇ·ÕèäÁ‹ÁÕ¤Ù‹ áÅÐ DNA Polymerase à´ÔÁ¨Ð¹íÒ
´ÕÍÍ¡«ÕäÃ⺹ÔǤÅÕâÍä·´µÑÇãËÁ‹à¢ŒÒÁÒàµÔÁàµçÁª‹Í§Ç‹Ò§¹Õé áÅеÒÁ´ŒÇ¡ÒÃ
àª×èÍÁ¾Ñ¹¸Ð Phosphodiester ¢Í§ªÔé¹Ê‹Ç¹âÍ¡Ò«Ò¡Ô áµ‹ÅÐâÁàÅ¡ØÅ
ࢌҴŒÇ¡ѹ´ŒÇÂà͹ä«ÁäÅà¡Ê (Ligase) ã¹·ÕèÊش䴌໚¹ DNA ãËÁ‹
2 âÁàÅ¡ØÅ â´ÂᵋÅÐâÁàÅ¡ØÅÁÕÊÒÂà´ÔÁÍÂÙ‹ 1 ÊÒÂ

18. ¡ÒÃÊѧà¤ÃÒÐˏ DNA ῇÁ D:ªÕÇÁ6ÀÒ¤1 animation - index
¤ÃÙ©ÇÕÇÃó ¹Ò¤ºØµÃ

19. The End
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