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Open IP and Web Technologies for
      the Internet of Things


       WALTER COLITTI (@waltercolitti)
          VRIJE UNIVERSITEIT BRUSSEL
“Big” devices



                Things on the Internet




                                     2
“Small” devices

                  Intranet of Things
            Different protocols = no interoperability
            Gateways = architectural complexity
            Gateways = no integration with the Web




                                                  3
Internet background

                End-to-End principle



                 Interoperability

Why not repeating the IP success in IoT?
                                           4
Embedded IP
Technologies
Embedded IP – Standards

Promotes IP as network technology for embedded
devices




    6LoWPAN Enables IPv6 over constrained networks

    RPL Routing protocol for Low-power Lossy Networks
                                                        6
6LowPAN – Advantage
                                INTERNET

                                                                      Wireless
                                                                      Sensor
       LAN
                                                                      Network




 Application                                                               Application

  Transport                                                                 Transport

  Internet        Internet                 Internet       Internet          Internet
  (IPv4/IPv6)     (IPv4/IPv6)              (IPv4/IPv6)     (IPv6)            (IPv6)
                                                         6LoWPAN           6LoWPAN
     Link            Link                     Link          Link              Link
                                                         (802.15.4)        (802.15.4)
Application     LAN/Internet                    Internet/WSN            TCP/IP enabled
                border router                   border router            Sensor mote



                                                                                         7
Embedded Web
 Technologies
(Web of Things)
Embedded Web - Advantage
        The Web is everywhere


                                JSON
 REST

                                   URI
        XML
                      HTTP

                                         9
Embedded Web - Problem
REST/HTTP complex for tiny devices
Relies on TCP


REST/HTTP not designed for IoT/M2M apps
Complex observation mechanisms
No multicast support
Long-lived transactions


                                      10
Constrained Application
   Protocol (CoAP)
CoAP standard

                  CoRE Working Group

          Constrained Application Protocol
 HTTP functionalities for constrained devices

 Extra functionalities added




                                                12
CoAP principle
                                                          Request/
                                                          Response
                                       HTTP      CoAP

Dual Layer                             TCP       UDP
                                                         Transaction


                                        IP        IP

 Transaction layer for message exchange
 Request/Response layer for resource manipulation



             Small message overhead (4 bytes binary header)
Features     Client can observe resource status changes


                                                                       13
CoAP Performance
        Response Time




                        14
CoAP Performance
       Energy consumption
            (server mote)




                            15
HTTP – CoAP Proxy
Client                                       Proxy                                       Server

    http:// sensor1.contikigh.com/readings
   http://193.226.5.150/readings
   GET /readings HTTP/1.1
   Host: sensor1.contikigh.com                  coap:// sensor1.contikigh.com/readings
                                                coap:// [aaaa::c30c:0:0:365]/readings
                                                CON GET
                                                URI -Path: readings

                                                CON 2.00
                                                 {“sensor”:”212:7400:2:202”,
                                                  ”readings”:{“hum”:50,”temp”:26.8}}

     HTTP/1.1 200 OK
      Humidity: 50, Temperature: 26.8



                                                                                             16
THANK YOU
for your attention


WALTER COLITTI (@waltercolitti)
   Email: wcolitti@gmail.com

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IoT Day 2013 - Madrid

  • 1. Open IP and Web Technologies for the Internet of Things WALTER COLITTI (@waltercolitti) VRIJE UNIVERSITEIT BRUSSEL
  • 2. “Big” devices Things on the Internet 2
  • 3. “Small” devices Intranet of Things Different protocols = no interoperability Gateways = architectural complexity Gateways = no integration with the Web 3
  • 4. Internet background End-to-End principle Interoperability Why not repeating the IP success in IoT? 4
  • 6. Embedded IP – Standards Promotes IP as network technology for embedded devices 6LoWPAN Enables IPv6 over constrained networks RPL Routing protocol for Low-power Lossy Networks 6
  • 7. 6LowPAN – Advantage INTERNET Wireless Sensor LAN Network Application Application Transport Transport Internet Internet Internet Internet Internet (IPv4/IPv6) (IPv4/IPv6) (IPv4/IPv6) (IPv6) (IPv6) 6LoWPAN 6LoWPAN Link Link Link Link Link (802.15.4) (802.15.4) Application LAN/Internet Internet/WSN TCP/IP enabled border router border router Sensor mote 7
  • 9. Embedded Web - Advantage The Web is everywhere JSON REST URI XML HTTP 9
  • 10. Embedded Web - Problem REST/HTTP complex for tiny devices Relies on TCP REST/HTTP not designed for IoT/M2M apps Complex observation mechanisms No multicast support Long-lived transactions 10
  • 11. Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP)
  • 12. CoAP standard CoRE Working Group Constrained Application Protocol HTTP functionalities for constrained devices Extra functionalities added 12
  • 13. CoAP principle Request/ Response HTTP CoAP Dual Layer TCP UDP Transaction IP IP Transaction layer for message exchange Request/Response layer for resource manipulation Small message overhead (4 bytes binary header) Features Client can observe resource status changes 13
  • 14. CoAP Performance Response Time 14
  • 15. CoAP Performance Energy consumption (server mote) 15
  • 16. HTTP – CoAP Proxy Client Proxy Server http:// sensor1.contikigh.com/readings http://193.226.5.150/readings GET /readings HTTP/1.1 Host: sensor1.contikigh.com coap:// sensor1.contikigh.com/readings coap:// [aaaa::c30c:0:0:365]/readings CON GET URI -Path: readings CON 2.00 {“sensor”:”212:7400:2:202”, ”readings”:{“hum”:50,”temp”:26.8}} HTTP/1.1 200 OK Humidity: 50, Temperature: 26.8 16
  • 17. THANK YOU for your attention WALTER COLITTI (@waltercolitti) Email: wcolitti@gmail.com