Lamp Introduction 20100419

Introduction to LAMP
Cory Aitchison
Software Engineer
Novell Inc.
caitchison@novell.com

March 24, 2006

Session Overview

• Introduction to LAMP
• Installation on OES Linux
• Optimization
• Some available applications
• Migration
• Creating Lamp Applications

2 © Novell Inc, Confidential & Proprietary

What is LAMP

• LAMP is a framework for developing and web
applications rapidly
• LAMP stands for
– Linux
– Apache
– MySQL
– PHP (or Perl or Python)
• Each one of these components of the LAMP stack is
interchangable


Stack Model

Apache

mod_php

PHP

MySQL

Linux/OES

Hardware


Stack Model – MySQL

You can use any database in place of MySQL:
• Oracle*
• PostgreSQL
• Access
• DB/2*

MySQL is generally preferred for the following reasons:
• Ease of use
• Good documentation
• Open Source
• 4.0.18


Stack Model - PHP

When people talk about LAMP the language
generally referenced is PHP. Although, it is
possible to use any web ready language at this
point in the stack.
• OES Version 4.3.4
• Excellent documentation at http://www.php.net
• A lot of support in the open source community
• (http://hotscripts.com)
• Tight integration with Apache through mod_php
• You must take care of security concerns


Stack Model - Apache

Again here you could use any webserver, however, apache
is perhaps the best and most widely used webserver
available
• Highly configurable
• Very flexible
• Large market share
• OES Version 2.0.49


OES Linux Installation

• During install ensure that required packages have
been selected
– apache2-prefork
– mysql
– php4
– apache2-mod-php4
– php4-mysql
– php4-session
– php4-sockets
– php4-zlib


OES Linux Installation

• Some additional configuration is helpful.
• Create the file /etc/apache2/httpd.conf.local
• Add the line:
DirectoryIndex index.html index.php
• Edit the file /etc/sysconfig/apache2
• Add /etc/apache2/httpd.conf.local to the
APACHE_CONG_INCLUDE_FILES line


Errata

• Most services run in user space.
• Kernel is isolated from processes
• Development can be done on server
• Can be used as a desktop
• Admin skills are similar for desktop and server
• Easy to configure


Apache

• Most popular web server on the planet
• Highly configurable
• can be clustered
• open source
• many modules and management applications
available
• http://httpd.apache.org/


Popular Apache Modules

• mod_rewrite
• mod_php
• prefork
• mod_auth
• mod_cgi
• optimization modules in following slides


Apache Optimization

• Mod_Mem_Cache – Memory based storage manager
(Experimental)
– CacheEnable – Enables memory or disk based caching
– MCacheSize - maximum amount of memory to be used by the
cache (in Kbytes)
– MCacheMaxObjectCount - maximum number of objects to be
cached
– MCacheMinObjectSize - minimum size of a document (in bytes)
– MCacheMaxObjectSize – maximum allowable size of a
document (in bytes)
– http://httpd.apache.org/docs-2.0/mod/mod_mem_cache.html


Apache Optimization

• Mod_Disk_Cache – Disk based storage manager (Experimental)
– CacheEnable
– CacheSize
– CacheMinFileSize
– CacheMaxFileSize
– http://httpd.apache.org/docs-2.0/mod/mod_disk_cache.html


Apache Optimization

• Load Balancing with Mod_Proxy
– Most effect in environments where there is a lot of dynamic
content in a distributed environment
– Disable forward proxy with “ProxyRequests Off”
– Redirect requests to the specific backend servers with
“ProxyPass”
– Allow redirection headers to be fixed up with
“ProxyPassReverse”
– Use in conjunction with mod_mem_cache
– http://httpd.apache.org/docs-2.0/mod/mod_proxy.html
• Logging
– LogLevel Directive (ie LogLevel error)

Apache Configuration

• The configuration for apache is handled in many
different files on SLES and therefore on OES. The
main ones are
• /etc/apache/httpd.conf
• /etc/apache/httpd.conf.local
• /etc/apache/conf.d/*
• /etc/sysconfig/apache2



• /etc/apache/httpd.conf

• Don't edit this file. It is owned by the apache package
and will be over written if you install an update.

• /etc/apache/httpd.conf.local

• This is where you should make changes to you server
as it is parsed after /etc/apache/httpd.conf



• /etc/apache/conf.d/*
• All conf files in this directory are parsed. This is the
best place to put specific module configuration (ala
jk.conf)
•

• /etc/sysconfig/apache2
• You can tell apache which modules to load here, as
well as what other conf files to parse.
•

• Apache has a LOT of options. Far to many to discuss
here.

MySQL

• Popular database
• a lot of traffic in news groups
• open source
• excellent management tools
– phpMyAdmin
• clusterable
• easy to optimize


MySQL Optimization

My.INI

Variable Default >512 MB >1 GB
key_buffer_size 16M 128 M 256M
table_cache 64 128 256
sort_buffer_size 2M 4M 8M
myisam_sort_buffer_size 8M 32M 64M
read_buffer_size 128K 1M 2M


MySQL Optimization

• Use Indexes!!! - unique if possible
• NOT NULL – especially with indexed columns
• Fixed length fields
• Use binary logging.
• Use OPTIMIZE to defragment table files
• Use ANALYZE to store key distributions
• Use default values
• Do not SELECT *
• Use EXPLAIN to see how queries are performed
• –log-slow-queries

PHP

• Very easy to use
• Powerful mysql integration
• Simple HTML integration
• Tied tightly to Apache
• Easy application deployment


Scripting Optimization

• The default setting are good but you can make some
changes (for example logging, memory usage, how
long a script can run, . . .)
• In general let MySQL do the work for you. If you write
good queries and have optimized your tables you will
be in good shape.


PHP Pages

It is remarkably easy to combine php and html and have
Apache render the pages for you correctly.

You embed php into a page by surrounding your code with a
scriptlet tag. In the case of php you use:

<?php . . . ?>


PHP Pages

So our first php program could look something like this:

<?php
echo “Hello World”;
?>

As you may be able to guess this code would render Hello
World in a browser.


PHP Pages

If we wanted to make this page compliant to the XHTML
spec it would look something like this:

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html>
<head><title>NDK Self Service</title></head>
<body>
<?php
echo “<div>Hello World</div>”;
?>
</body>
</html>


PHP Pages

We can do most anything inside those <?php . . . ?> tags
that any programming language can:

•conditional logic
•loops
•variables
•objects
•arrays
•parameter passing (via gets and posts)
•and the list goes on and on


PHP – MySQL Functions

• mysql_affected_rows • mysql_fetch_field • mysql_info
• mysql_change_user • mysql_fetch_lengths • mysql_insert_id
• mysql_client_encoding • mysql_fetch_object • mysql_list_dbs
• mysql_close • mysql_fetch_row • mysql_list_processes
• mysql_connect • mysql_field_flags • mysql_num_fields
• mysql_create_db • mysql_field_len • mysql_num_rows
• mysql_data_seek • mysql_field_name • mysql_pconnect
• mysql_db_name • mysql_field_seek • mysql_ping
• mysql_db_query • mysql_field_table • mysql_query
• mysql_drop_db • mysql_field_type • mysql_real_escape_string
• mysql_errno • mysql_free_result • mysql_result
• mysql_error • mysql_get_client_info • mysql_select_db
• mysql_escape_string mysql_get_host_info
•
• mysql_stat
• mysql_fetch_array mysql_get_proto_info
•
• mysql_thread_id
• mysql_fetch_assoc mysql_get_server_info
•
• mysql_unbuffered_query


PHP – Common MySQL Functions
• resource mysql_connect ( [string server [, string username [, string password [,
bool new_link [, int client_flags]]]]] )

• int mysql_errno ( [resource link_identifier] )

• string mysql_error ( [resource link_identifier] )

• array mysql_fetch_array ( resource result [, int result_type] )

• resource mysql_query ( string query [, resource link_identifier] )

• bool mysql_select_db ( string database_name [, resource link_identifier] )


PHP – DB Query Example

<?php

//getting the return var is not strictly necessary
$conn = mysql_connect('localhost', 'admin', 'novell');

mysql_select_db('address_book', $conn);

$sql = 'SELECT name, address, email ' .
' FROM address_book ';

$rs = mysql_query($sql, $conn);

foreach (list($name, $address, $email) = mysql_fetch_row($rs))
{
echo ...
}

?>


PHP – HTTP Parameter Passing

• HTTP parameters are accessible via “superglobal”
variables
• Use on of the following
– $_GET['<parameter name>']
– $_POST['<parameter name>']
– $_REQUEST['<parameter name>']
• It is better security to access your variables with
$_GET or $_POST (and only once at that).


Other Useful Functions

• phpinfo()
This function display all sorts of useful information
regarding your php setup, and is a great tool for
debugging.

• var_dump()
Allows you to see the contents and type of your var.


Deploying a LAMP Application

• One of the nicest things about LAMP is how easy the
applications are to deploy.
• If apache is set up correctly it is a simple matter of
copying your files into the directory that you want your
application to reside.
• You do not need to restart anything or deploy
anything, just save and copy.


Available Applications/Migration

Applications

• phpMyAdmin (http://www.phpmyadmin.net)
• xoops (http://www.xoops.org)
• Most everything at http://www.hotscripts.com/ should
work.


Migration

Generally there are no migration issues. Some things you
may want to look for in migrating a LAMP application are:

Embedded path problems
System calls


References

• http://www.mysql.com
• http://www.php.net
• http://www.apache.org


Unpublished Work of Novell, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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Inc. Access to this work is restricted to Novell employees who have a need to know to perform tasks within the
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Novell, Inc. Any use or exploitation of this work without authorization could subject the perpetrator to criminal
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General Disclaimer
This document is not to be construed as a promise by any participating company to develop, deliver, or market
a product. Novell, Inc., makes no representations or warranties with respect to the contents of this document,
and specifically disclaims any express or implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for any particular
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referenced in this presentation are trademarks or registered trademarks of Novell, Inc. in the United States and
other countries. All third-party trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

Lamp Introduction 20100419

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