SlideShare uma empresa Scribd logo
1 de 56
Secular Growth Trends in Greece: Childhood Obesity, a Social Phenomenon George P. Chrousos Athens University Medical School
Secular Growth Trends
 
 
Secular Trends in Obesity Mascie-Taylor and Goto, 2007
90th Centile Abdominal Circumference in cm Brambilla IJO 2007
Obesity Epidemic in Childhood and Adolescence,  the First Reports, USA ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Global Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity Country, Year Criteria of Definition Age  group Prevalence of OW and  OB % Increase of OW and  OB %   (time interval) Australia, 1995 IOTF 4-6 7-11 12.8,  3.6 14.4,  5 (1985-1995) OW:38%,  OB:190% Brazil, 1997 IOTF 6-9 10-18 17.4 12.6 (1974-1997) OW: 250% China, 1997 IOTF 6-9 10-18 11.3 6.2 (1991-1997) OW: 7.6%, 38% UK, 1994 IOTF 4-11 11.2,   2.1 (1984-1994) OW: 44.5% Germany, 1997 IOTF 5-6 12, 2.8 (1982-1997) OW: 44% Japan, 1996  120% of standard weight 6 12 4.5 9.5 (1970-1996) OW: 185%, 188% USA, 2000 CDC 2-19 27,  13.7 (1971-2000) OB:  (6-11)  283%, (12-19): 154%
Prevalence of BMI ≥85 th  and ≥ 95 th  Percentile of 15 y of Age:  Consensus Statement, 2004 Speiser, 2005
Secular Trends in Height and Weight, Males, Greece, 1978-2001   Height, Boys Weight, Boys Chiotis, Ann Clin Ped Univ Ath 2003
Secular Trends in Height and Weight, Females, Greece, 1978-2001   Chiotis, Ann Clin Ped Univ Ath 2003 Weight, Girls Height, Girls
Secular Growth Trends in Greece, 1978-2001, Conclusions   ,[object Object],[object Object],Differences in males, 1978-2001, aged 18 Differences in females, 1978-2001 aged 18 3 th   percentile 50 th   percentile 97 th   percentile Height +2 cm +1 cm +3 cm Weight +4 kg +6 kg +15 kg 3 th   percentile 50 th   percentile 97 th   percentile Height - - +1 cm Weight - - +7 kg
Secular Growth Trends in Greece, 2001 in Relation to USA, 2000 Differences in males, aged 18 Differences in females, aged 18 3 th   percentile 50 th   percentile 97 th   percentile Height +3 cm +1 cm +1.5cm Weight +6 kg +7 kg +6 kg 3 th   percentile 50 th   percentile 97 th   percentile Height +3 cm +1 cm +1 cm Weight +2 kg +2 kg -4 kg
BMI curves, 2001 Boys Girls
BMI Curves in Relation to   BMI 25 or 30 Boys Girls
Evidence from Greece, Males, 2001:   BMI and prevalence of obesity in  10.925  subjects (5.537 males) of Hellenic origin aged 0-18 years, living in the Athens area ,[object Object],OW: 25<BMI ≤30, extrapolated OB:  BMI>30, extrapolated Age years Normal% OW% OB% 0-1 87.05 2.88 10.07 1-6 79.95% 10.88 9.17 7-12 72.10 18.48 9.42 13-18 67.5 20.63 11.80 Total 72.11 17.48% 10.40%
Evidence from Greece, Females, 2001:   BMI and prevalence of obesity in  10.925  subjects (5.388 females) of Hellenic origin aged 0-18 years, living in the Athens area ,[object Object],OW: 25<BMI ≤30, extrapolated OB:  BMI>30, extrapolated Age years Normal% OW% OB% 0-1 81.68 9.16 9.16 1-6 88.68 8.00 3.31 7-12 81.82 14.49 3.69 13-18 81.87 14.48 3.65 Total 83.22 13.05% 3.73%
Other Reports from Greece ,[object Object],[object Object],Krassas, 2001 Age Normal% OW% OB% 6-10 69.1 25.3 5.6 11-17 78.4 19 2.6 Total 73.7 22.2 4.1
[object Object],[object Object],Other Reports from Greece Manios, 2005
Associated Nosology
Metabolic Syndrome   Χ ,  1988 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Increased cardiovascular risk
NCEP Definition (National Cholesterol Education Panel) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
IDF Definition (International Diabetes Federation) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
WHO Definition (World Health Organization) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
NHANES III (1988-1994) Metabolic Syndrome Επίπτωση Age (years) Prevalence Park et al., 2003 Total: 4.2% OB: 28.7% OW: 6.1% NW: 0.1%
Risk Factors Arterial Hypertension ,  Obesity ,  Insulin Resistance,  Dyslipidemia, Chronic stress (real or perceived) Metabolic Markers  Cholesterol ,  LDL, HDL, Tg, Lp(a), Apo-A1, Apo-B,  Glucose ,  HbA1c, Insulin, Albumin  Adiponectin , hsCRP Metabolic Syndrome Diabetes Type II Cardio- Vascular Disease Background Age ,  Gender, Developmental History (SGA, LGA) ,  Diet, Physical Activity,Genes
G E N E T I C B A C K G R O U N D , R A C E SOCIAL & DEVELOPMENTAL FACTORS SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT  &  CULTURE PERINATAL &  DEVELOPMENTAL PARAMETERS UNFAVORABLE CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS: +Body fat, - - Lean mass, + Visceral fat O BESITY RELATED DIABETES OF THE  YOUNG CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE METABOLIC SYNDROME ( PRE DISEASE)  3 of:  IR, IFG, IGT  Hyperten si on  Obesity  Dyslipidaemia SECONDARY  METABOLIC  ABNORMALITIES: Hypoadiponectinaemia Urine microalbuminuria Liver disease BEHAVIOR PSYCHOLOGY Chronic stress Eating disorders Depression CLINICAL PHENOTYPE (OBESITY)   DIETARY BEHAVIOR   PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
Published pediatric papers concerning the metabolic syndrome ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Methods:  Children & Adolescents ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Data from a Childhood-Adolescence Obesity Clinic ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Data from a Childhood-Adolescence Obesity Clinic ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Data from a Childhood-Adolescence Obesity Clinic ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Pervanidou, ECOG 2007
p< 0.001 N=31 N=36 N=36 N=35 Metabolic s. Prevalence across BMI z-score Quartiles among Males 100 % Metabolic Syndrome 00 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10
% Metabolic  Syndrome Metabolic s. Prevalence across BMI z-Score Quartiles among Females p< 0.001 N=55 N=56 N=55 N=56 100 00 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10
100 % Metabolic Syndrome 00 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 Metabolic s. Prevalence across Insulin Quartiles ( μ U/ml) among Males N=25 N=24 N=27 N=25 P=0.018
100 00 Metabolic s. Prevalence across Insulin  Quartiles ( μ U/ml) among Females p< 0.001 N=48 N=50 N=50 N=50 % Metabolic Syndrome 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10
 
 
Prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome and Metabolic Abnormalities in 420 Greek Children and Adolescents Assessed for Simple Obesity :   preliminary results
Depression & Obesity: age 14-19 Shape up America, NHANES III Martin & Moore, 2002 30% 20%
Obesity and Depression ,[object Object],[object Object],Obesity and Life Events 2/3  presented with one or more stressful life events during the last year
24 H SAMPLING OVERNIGHT DEXAMETHASONE TEST A. B. PLASMA CORTISOL 8 am 8 pm 8 am TARGET TISSUE SENSITIVITY TARGET TISSUE RESPONSE CORTISOL CONCENTRATION HS N R THRESHOLD FOR HARMFULNESS -D -D +D +D NS CS NS CS 24 H CORTISOL DARK
Influence of Circadian Clock on HPA Axis SCN Circadian Center PVN CRH AVP ACTH F/B TARGET TISSUES Stress Other Inputs - - A circadian rhythm indirectly regulates the functions of all organs/tissues through modulation of glucocorticoid actions. Circulating F/B Target Tissue Effect Time Circadian fluctuation
«Συμπάσχει η ψυχή τω σώματι νοσούντι και τεμνομένω, το δε σώμα τη ψυχή» “The soul suffers when the body is diseased or traumatized, while the body suffers when the soul is ailing” Aristotle
«Παχέες ταχυθάνατοι μάλλον των ισχνών» “Obese people die earlier than thin ones” Hippocrates
Conclusions ,[object Object],[object Object]
 
Stress System and the Metabolic Syndrome _________________________________ ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
PREGNANCY FETUS ,[object Object],[object Object],   Nutrition /Stress ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],LGA SGA Visceral Adiposity Metabolic Syndrome
[object Object],   visceral fat ,[object Object],[object Object],Melancholic Atypical Metabolic Syndrome    visceral fat ,[object Object],[object Object],   cortisol     catecholamines    insulin
    70-75 Προσδόκιμο Ζωής (1998)     75 - 80     65-70     60-65    55-60    under 55     NA
Age adjusted death rates for CAD by country and sex, age 35-74  (British Heart Foundation, Statistics Database 2003)
 
 
Greek Trends: Athens GMA ,[object Object],[object Object],Real  Expected

Mais conteúdo relacionado

Mais procurados

Obesity and heart disease
Obesity and heart diseaseObesity and heart disease
Obesity and heart diseasePrateek Singh
 
Albumina sarcopenia
Albumina sarcopeniaAlbumina sarcopenia
Albumina sarcopeniavegaline
 
Targeting abdominal obesity in diabetology: What can we do about it?
Targeting abdominal obesity in diabetology: What can we do about it?Targeting abdominal obesity in diabetology: What can we do about it?
Targeting abdominal obesity in diabetology: What can we do about it?My Healthy Waist
 
Diabetes lecture
Diabetes lectureDiabetes lecture
Diabetes lectureaswhite
 
Evaluating cardiometabolic risk
Evaluating cardiometabolic riskEvaluating cardiometabolic risk
Evaluating cardiometabolic riskMy Healthy Waist
 
Metabolic Syndrome, Diabetes, and Cardiovascular Disease ... Metabolic Synd...
Metabolic Syndrome, Diabetes, and Cardiovascular Disease ... 	 Metabolic Synd...Metabolic Syndrome, Diabetes, and Cardiovascular Disease ... 	 Metabolic Synd...
Metabolic Syndrome, Diabetes, and Cardiovascular Disease ... Metabolic Synd...MedicineAndFamily
 
Diabetes and Cardiovascular Risk in Driftpile First Nation: Longitudinal Results
Diabetes and Cardiovascular Risk in Driftpile First Nation: Longitudinal ResultsDiabetes and Cardiovascular Risk in Driftpile First Nation: Longitudinal Results
Diabetes and Cardiovascular Risk in Driftpile First Nation: Longitudinal ResultsKelli Buckreus
 
Metabolic Syndrome - June 2014
Metabolic Syndrome - June 2014Metabolic Syndrome - June 2014
Metabolic Syndrome - June 2014Geoffrey Douglas
 
The role of exercise in medicine
The role of exercise in medicineThe role of exercise in medicine
The role of exercise in medicineNursing Hi Nursing
 
Abdominal obesity, intra-abdominal adiposity and related cardiometabolic risk...
Abdominal obesity, intra-abdominal adiposity and related cardiometabolic risk...Abdominal obesity, intra-abdominal adiposity and related cardiometabolic risk...
Abdominal obesity, intra-abdominal adiposity and related cardiometabolic risk...My Healthy Waist
 
Stacy A. Brethauer, Bariatric Surgery to Improve Cardiovascular Risk and Outc...
Stacy A. Brethauer, Bariatric Surgery to Improve Cardiovascular Risk and Outc...Stacy A. Brethauer, Bariatric Surgery to Improve Cardiovascular Risk and Outc...
Stacy A. Brethauer, Bariatric Surgery to Improve Cardiovascular Risk and Outc...Cleveland HeartLab, Inc.
 
Ueda2016 metabolic syndrome in different population,which one is appropriate ...
Ueda2016 metabolic syndrome in different population,which one is appropriate ...Ueda2016 metabolic syndrome in different population,which one is appropriate ...
Ueda2016 metabolic syndrome in different population,which one is appropriate ...ueda2015
 
Why What You Do Matters: The Intersection of Movement, Food and Orthopedic N...
Why What You Do Matters:  The Intersection of Movement, Food and Orthopedic N...Why What You Do Matters:  The Intersection of Movement, Food and Orthopedic N...
Why What You Do Matters: The Intersection of Movement, Food and Orthopedic N...EsserHealth
 
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and carotid atherosclerosis in children
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and carotid atherosclerosis in childrenNonalcoholic fatty liver disease and carotid atherosclerosis in children
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and carotid atherosclerosis in childrenSHAPE Society
 
The Power of Personal Choice 2020
The Power of Personal Choice 2020The Power of Personal Choice 2020
The Power of Personal Choice 2020EsserHealth
 

Mais procurados (20)

Cancer 2018
Cancer 2018Cancer 2018
Cancer 2018
 
Obesity and heart disease
Obesity and heart diseaseObesity and heart disease
Obesity and heart disease
 
Albumina sarcopenia
Albumina sarcopeniaAlbumina sarcopenia
Albumina sarcopenia
 
Targeting abdominal obesity in diabetology: What can we do about it?
Targeting abdominal obesity in diabetology: What can we do about it?Targeting abdominal obesity in diabetology: What can we do about it?
Targeting abdominal obesity in diabetology: What can we do about it?
 
Diabetes lecture
Diabetes lectureDiabetes lecture
Diabetes lecture
 
Evaluating cardiometabolic risk
Evaluating cardiometabolic riskEvaluating cardiometabolic risk
Evaluating cardiometabolic risk
 
Metabolic Syndrome, Diabetes, and Cardiovascular Disease ... Metabolic Synd...
Metabolic Syndrome, Diabetes, and Cardiovascular Disease ... 	 Metabolic Synd...Metabolic Syndrome, Diabetes, and Cardiovascular Disease ... 	 Metabolic Synd...
Metabolic Syndrome, Diabetes, and Cardiovascular Disease ... Metabolic Synd...
 
Diabetes and Cardiovascular Risk in Driftpile First Nation: Longitudinal Results
Diabetes and Cardiovascular Risk in Driftpile First Nation: Longitudinal ResultsDiabetes and Cardiovascular Risk in Driftpile First Nation: Longitudinal Results
Diabetes and Cardiovascular Risk in Driftpile First Nation: Longitudinal Results
 
Metabolic Syndrome - June 2014
Metabolic Syndrome - June 2014Metabolic Syndrome - June 2014
Metabolic Syndrome - June 2014
 
The role of exercise in medicine
The role of exercise in medicineThe role of exercise in medicine
The role of exercise in medicine
 
Abdominal obesity, intra-abdominal adiposity and related cardiometabolic risk...
Abdominal obesity, intra-abdominal adiposity and related cardiometabolic risk...Abdominal obesity, intra-abdominal adiposity and related cardiometabolic risk...
Abdominal obesity, intra-abdominal adiposity and related cardiometabolic risk...
 
metabolic syndrome review
metabolic syndrome reviewmetabolic syndrome review
metabolic syndrome review
 
Strive Teleconf Presentation Oct11 2006
Strive Teleconf Presentation Oct11 2006Strive Teleconf Presentation Oct11 2006
Strive Teleconf Presentation Oct11 2006
 
Stacy A. Brethauer, Bariatric Surgery to Improve Cardiovascular Risk and Outc...
Stacy A. Brethauer, Bariatric Surgery to Improve Cardiovascular Risk and Outc...Stacy A. Brethauer, Bariatric Surgery to Improve Cardiovascular Risk and Outc...
Stacy A. Brethauer, Bariatric Surgery to Improve Cardiovascular Risk and Outc...
 
Ueda2016 metabolic syndrome in different population,which one is appropriate ...
Ueda2016 metabolic syndrome in different population,which one is appropriate ...Ueda2016 metabolic syndrome in different population,which one is appropriate ...
Ueda2016 metabolic syndrome in different population,which one is appropriate ...
 
Why What You Do Matters: The Intersection of Movement, Food and Orthopedic N...
Why What You Do Matters:  The Intersection of Movement, Food and Orthopedic N...Why What You Do Matters:  The Intersection of Movement, Food and Orthopedic N...
Why What You Do Matters: The Intersection of Movement, Food and Orthopedic N...
 
Erectile Dysfunction
Erectile DysfunctionErectile Dysfunction
Erectile Dysfunction
 
AliceTang
AliceTangAliceTang
AliceTang
 
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and carotid atherosclerosis in children
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and carotid atherosclerosis in childrenNonalcoholic fatty liver disease and carotid atherosclerosis in children
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and carotid atherosclerosis in children
 
The Power of Personal Choice 2020
The Power of Personal Choice 2020The Power of Personal Choice 2020
The Power of Personal Choice 2020
 

Semelhante a Παρουσίαση καθ. Παιδιατρικής Γ. Χρούσου

Metabolic syndrome: an Asian perspective
Metabolic syndrome: an Asian perspectiveMetabolic syndrome: an Asian perspective
Metabolic syndrome: an Asian perspectiveMy Healthy Waist
 
Global Epidemiology Of Obesity
Global Epidemiology Of ObesityGlobal Epidemiology Of Obesity
Global Epidemiology Of ObesityDr Sumeet Shah
 
Metabolic syndrome november 2014
Metabolic syndrome november 2014Metabolic syndrome november 2014
Metabolic syndrome november 2014 Mohamed BADR
 
Obesity Grand Rounds by Dr. Susan Beland
Obesity Grand Rounds by Dr. Susan BelandObesity Grand Rounds by Dr. Susan Beland
Obesity Grand Rounds by Dr. Susan BelandNick Gowen
 
Lifestyle and chronic diseases - Dr.Ravi Andrews
Lifestyle and chronic diseases  - Dr.Ravi Andrews Lifestyle and chronic diseases  - Dr.Ravi Andrews
Lifestyle and chronic diseases - Dr.Ravi Andrews Apollo Hospitals
 
Biosocial research:How to use biological data in social science research?
Biosocial research:How to use biological data in social science research?Biosocial research:How to use biological data in social science research?
Biosocial research:How to use biological data in social science research?University of Southampton
 
Improved Outcomes from Diabetes Outreach Programs in Rural and Remote Aborigi...
Improved Outcomes from Diabetes Outreach Programs in Rural and Remote Aborigi...Improved Outcomes from Diabetes Outreach Programs in Rural and Remote Aborigi...
Improved Outcomes from Diabetes Outreach Programs in Rural and Remote Aborigi...Kelli Buckreus
 
Androgens & Cardiovascular Diseases in Women: From Basic Research to Clinical...
Androgens & Cardiovascular Diseases in Women: From Basic Research to Clinical...Androgens & Cardiovascular Diseases in Women: From Basic Research to Clinical...
Androgens & Cardiovascular Diseases in Women: From Basic Research to Clinical...InsideScientific
 
Ethnic differences, obesity and cancer, stages of the obesity epidemic and ca...
Ethnic differences, obesity and cancer, stages of the obesity epidemic and ca...Ethnic differences, obesity and cancer, stages of the obesity epidemic and ca...
Ethnic differences, obesity and cancer, stages of the obesity epidemic and ca...World Cancer Research Fund International
 
Diet, obesity, lifestyle and cancer prevention: epidemiologic perspectives
Diet, obesity, lifestyle and cancer prevention: epidemiologic perspectives Diet, obesity, lifestyle and cancer prevention: epidemiologic perspectives
Diet, obesity, lifestyle and cancer prevention: epidemiologic perspectives Graham Colditz
 
What is the epidemiological evidence linking early life events and cancer ris...
What is the epidemiological evidence linking early life events and cancer ris...What is the epidemiological evidence linking early life events and cancer ris...
What is the epidemiological evidence linking early life events and cancer ris...World Cancer Research Fund International
 
The Health Effects of Reducing Sodium and Improving Overall Diet
The Health Effects of Reducing Sodium and Improving Overall DietThe Health Effects of Reducing Sodium and Improving Overall Diet
The Health Effects of Reducing Sodium and Improving Overall DietNational Restaurant Association
 
Nata.2008.Celiac.Athletics.Leone
Nata.2008.Celiac.Athletics.LeoneNata.2008.Celiac.Athletics.Leone
Nata.2008.Celiac.Athletics.Leoneguestf7c1b1
 
1. Chronic Disease Avoidance and Personal Longevity - Ultimate Summary.pptx
1. Chronic Disease Avoidance and Personal Longevity - Ultimate Summary.pptx1. Chronic Disease Avoidance and Personal Longevity - Ultimate Summary.pptx
1. Chronic Disease Avoidance and Personal Longevity - Ultimate Summary.pptxIvor Cummins
 
07 abdominal obesity_and_association_with.1
07   abdominal obesity_and_association_with.107   abdominal obesity_and_association_with.1
07 abdominal obesity_and_association_with.1Chistian Laguado
 
07 abdominal obesity_and_association_with.1
07   abdominal obesity_and_association_with.107   abdominal obesity_and_association_with.1
07 abdominal obesity_and_association_with.1Chistian Laguado
 

Semelhante a Παρουσίαση καθ. Παιδιατρικής Γ. Χρούσου (20)

Metabolic syndrome: an Asian perspective
Metabolic syndrome: an Asian perspectiveMetabolic syndrome: an Asian perspective
Metabolic syndrome: an Asian perspective
 
Global Epidemiology Of Obesity
Global Epidemiology Of ObesityGlobal Epidemiology Of Obesity
Global Epidemiology Of Obesity
 
Metabolic syndrome november 2014
Metabolic syndrome november 2014Metabolic syndrome november 2014
Metabolic syndrome november 2014
 
Obesity Grand Rounds by Dr. Susan Beland
Obesity Grand Rounds by Dr. Susan BelandObesity Grand Rounds by Dr. Susan Beland
Obesity Grand Rounds by Dr. Susan Beland
 
Ross 5-7-15
Ross 5-7-15Ross 5-7-15
Ross 5-7-15
 
Lifestyle and chronic diseases - Dr.Ravi Andrews
Lifestyle and chronic diseases  - Dr.Ravi Andrews Lifestyle and chronic diseases  - Dr.Ravi Andrews
Lifestyle and chronic diseases - Dr.Ravi Andrews
 
Biosocial research:How to use biological data in social science research?
Biosocial research:How to use biological data in social science research?Biosocial research:How to use biological data in social science research?
Biosocial research:How to use biological data in social science research?
 
Improved Outcomes from Diabetes Outreach Programs in Rural and Remote Aborigi...
Improved Outcomes from Diabetes Outreach Programs in Rural and Remote Aborigi...Improved Outcomes from Diabetes Outreach Programs in Rural and Remote Aborigi...
Improved Outcomes from Diabetes Outreach Programs in Rural and Remote Aborigi...
 
Androgens & Cardiovascular Diseases in Women: From Basic Research to Clinical...
Androgens & Cardiovascular Diseases in Women: From Basic Research to Clinical...Androgens & Cardiovascular Diseases in Women: From Basic Research to Clinical...
Androgens & Cardiovascular Diseases in Women: From Basic Research to Clinical...
 
Ethnic differences, obesity and cancer, stages of the obesity epidemic and ca...
Ethnic differences, obesity and cancer, stages of the obesity epidemic and ca...Ethnic differences, obesity and cancer, stages of the obesity epidemic and ca...
Ethnic differences, obesity and cancer, stages of the obesity epidemic and ca...
 
obesity diabetes and metabolic syndrome
obesity diabetes and metabolic syndromeobesity diabetes and metabolic syndrome
obesity diabetes and metabolic syndrome
 
Zamboni
ZamboniZamboni
Zamboni
 
Diet, obesity, lifestyle and cancer prevention: epidemiologic perspectives
Diet, obesity, lifestyle and cancer prevention: epidemiologic perspectives Diet, obesity, lifestyle and cancer prevention: epidemiologic perspectives
Diet, obesity, lifestyle and cancer prevention: epidemiologic perspectives
 
Built and nutrition
Built and nutritionBuilt and nutrition
Built and nutrition
 
What is the epidemiological evidence linking early life events and cancer ris...
What is the epidemiological evidence linking early life events and cancer ris...What is the epidemiological evidence linking early life events and cancer ris...
What is the epidemiological evidence linking early life events and cancer ris...
 
The Health Effects of Reducing Sodium and Improving Overall Diet
The Health Effects of Reducing Sodium and Improving Overall DietThe Health Effects of Reducing Sodium and Improving Overall Diet
The Health Effects of Reducing Sodium and Improving Overall Diet
 
Nata.2008.Celiac.Athletics.Leone
Nata.2008.Celiac.Athletics.LeoneNata.2008.Celiac.Athletics.Leone
Nata.2008.Celiac.Athletics.Leone
 
1. Chronic Disease Avoidance and Personal Longevity - Ultimate Summary.pptx
1. Chronic Disease Avoidance and Personal Longevity - Ultimate Summary.pptx1. Chronic Disease Avoidance and Personal Longevity - Ultimate Summary.pptx
1. Chronic Disease Avoidance and Personal Longevity - Ultimate Summary.pptx
 
07 abdominal obesity_and_association_with.1
07   abdominal obesity_and_association_with.107   abdominal obesity_and_association_with.1
07 abdominal obesity_and_association_with.1
 
07 abdominal obesity_and_association_with.1
07   abdominal obesity_and_association_with.107   abdominal obesity_and_association_with.1
07 abdominal obesity_and_association_with.1
 

Mais de vtsiatsiamis

Παρουσίαση Δρ. Ε. Χατζηανδρέου
Παρουσίαση Δρ. Ε. Χατζηανδρέου Παρουσίαση Δρ. Ε. Χατζηανδρέου
Παρουσίαση Δρ. Ε. Χατζηανδρέου vtsiatsiamis
 
Παρουσίαση Μ. Cecchini (Ειδικός Ερευνητής ΟΟΣΑ)
Παρουσίαση Μ. Cecchini (Ειδικός Ερευνητής ΟΟΣΑ)Παρουσίαση Μ. Cecchini (Ειδικός Ερευνητής ΟΟΣΑ)
Παρουσίαση Μ. Cecchini (Ειδικός Ερευνητής ΟΟΣΑ)vtsiatsiamis
 
Statistics Passive Smoke
Statistics Passive SmokeStatistics Passive Smoke
Statistics Passive Smokevtsiatsiamis
 
Πρόγραμμα Ημερίδας
Πρόγραμμα ΗμερίδαςΠρόγραμμα Ημερίδας
Πρόγραμμα Ημερίδαςvtsiatsiamis
 
Πρόγραμμα Ημερίδας
Πρόγραμμα ΗμερίδαςΠρόγραμμα Ημερίδας
Πρόγραμμα Ημερίδαςvtsiatsiamis
 
Πρόγραμμα Ημερίδας
Πρόγραμμα ΗμερίδαςΠρόγραμμα Ημερίδας
Πρόγραμμα Ημερίδαςvtsiatsiamis
 
Δελτίο Τύπου: Παθητικό Κάπνισμα και Παιδί
Δελτίο Τύπου: Παθητικό Κάπνισμα και ΠαιδίΔελτίο Τύπου: Παθητικό Κάπνισμα και Παιδί
Δελτίο Τύπου: Παθητικό Κάπνισμα και Παιδίvtsiatsiamis
 
Δελτίο Τύπου: Παθητικό Κάπνισμα και Παιδί
Δελτίο Τύπου: Παθητικό Κάπνισμα και ΠαιδίΔελτίο Τύπου: Παθητικό Κάπνισμα και Παιδί
Δελτίο Τύπου: Παθητικό Κάπνισμα και Παιδίvtsiatsiamis
 
Κωνσταντόπουλος:Παθητικό Κάπνισμα και Παιδί
Κωνσταντόπουλος:Παθητικό Κάπνισμα και ΠαιδίΚωνσταντόπουλος:Παθητικό Κάπνισμα και Παιδί
Κωνσταντόπουλος:Παθητικό Κάπνισμα και Παιδίvtsiatsiamis
 
Mπεχράκης:Παθητικό Κάπνισμα και Παιδί
Mπεχράκης:Παθητικό Κάπνισμα και ΠαιδίMπεχράκης:Παθητικό Κάπνισμα και Παιδί
Mπεχράκης:Παθητικό Κάπνισμα και Παιδίvtsiatsiamis
 

Mais de vtsiatsiamis (10)

Παρουσίαση Δρ. Ε. Χατζηανδρέου
Παρουσίαση Δρ. Ε. Χατζηανδρέου Παρουσίαση Δρ. Ε. Χατζηανδρέου
Παρουσίαση Δρ. Ε. Χατζηανδρέου
 
Παρουσίαση Μ. Cecchini (Ειδικός Ερευνητής ΟΟΣΑ)
Παρουσίαση Μ. Cecchini (Ειδικός Ερευνητής ΟΟΣΑ)Παρουσίαση Μ. Cecchini (Ειδικός Ερευνητής ΟΟΣΑ)
Παρουσίαση Μ. Cecchini (Ειδικός Ερευνητής ΟΟΣΑ)
 
Statistics Passive Smoke
Statistics Passive SmokeStatistics Passive Smoke
Statistics Passive Smoke
 
Πρόγραμμα Ημερίδας
Πρόγραμμα ΗμερίδαςΠρόγραμμα Ημερίδας
Πρόγραμμα Ημερίδας
 
Πρόγραμμα Ημερίδας
Πρόγραμμα ΗμερίδαςΠρόγραμμα Ημερίδας
Πρόγραμμα Ημερίδας
 
Πρόγραμμα Ημερίδας
Πρόγραμμα ΗμερίδαςΠρόγραμμα Ημερίδας
Πρόγραμμα Ημερίδας
 
Δελτίο Τύπου: Παθητικό Κάπνισμα και Παιδί
Δελτίο Τύπου: Παθητικό Κάπνισμα και ΠαιδίΔελτίο Τύπου: Παθητικό Κάπνισμα και Παιδί
Δελτίο Τύπου: Παθητικό Κάπνισμα και Παιδί
 
Δελτίο Τύπου: Παθητικό Κάπνισμα και Παιδί
Δελτίο Τύπου: Παθητικό Κάπνισμα και ΠαιδίΔελτίο Τύπου: Παθητικό Κάπνισμα και Παιδί
Δελτίο Τύπου: Παθητικό Κάπνισμα και Παιδί
 
Κωνσταντόπουλος:Παθητικό Κάπνισμα και Παιδί
Κωνσταντόπουλος:Παθητικό Κάπνισμα και ΠαιδίΚωνσταντόπουλος:Παθητικό Κάπνισμα και Παιδί
Κωνσταντόπουλος:Παθητικό Κάπνισμα και Παιδί
 
Mπεχράκης:Παθητικό Κάπνισμα και Παιδί
Mπεχράκης:Παθητικό Κάπνισμα και ΠαιδίMπεχράκης:Παθητικό Κάπνισμα και Παιδί
Mπεχράκης:Παθητικό Κάπνισμα και Παιδί
 

Último

Russian Escorts Girls Nehru Place ZINATHI 🔝9711199012 ☪ 24/7 Call Girls Delhi
Russian Escorts Girls  Nehru Place ZINATHI 🔝9711199012 ☪ 24/7 Call Girls DelhiRussian Escorts Girls  Nehru Place ZINATHI 🔝9711199012 ☪ 24/7 Call Girls Delhi
Russian Escorts Girls Nehru Place ZINATHI 🔝9711199012 ☪ 24/7 Call Girls DelhiAlinaDevecerski
 
Call Girls In Andheri East Call 9920874524 Book Hot And Sexy Girls
Call Girls In Andheri East Call 9920874524 Book Hot And Sexy GirlsCall Girls In Andheri East Call 9920874524 Book Hot And Sexy Girls
Call Girls In Andheri East Call 9920874524 Book Hot And Sexy Girlsnehamumbai
 
Call Girls Service Jaipur Grishma WhatsApp ❤8445551418 VIP Call Girls Jaipur
Call Girls Service Jaipur Grishma WhatsApp ❤8445551418 VIP Call Girls JaipurCall Girls Service Jaipur Grishma WhatsApp ❤8445551418 VIP Call Girls Jaipur
Call Girls Service Jaipur Grishma WhatsApp ❤8445551418 VIP Call Girls Jaipurparulsinha
 
💎VVIP Kolkata Call Girls Parganas🩱7001035870🩱Independent Girl ( Ac Rooms Avai...
💎VVIP Kolkata Call Girls Parganas🩱7001035870🩱Independent Girl ( Ac Rooms Avai...💎VVIP Kolkata Call Girls Parganas🩱7001035870🩱Independent Girl ( Ac Rooms Avai...
💎VVIP Kolkata Call Girls Parganas🩱7001035870🩱Independent Girl ( Ac Rooms Avai...Taniya Sharma
 
VIP Call Girls Indore Kirti 💚😋 9256729539 🚀 Indore Escorts
VIP Call Girls Indore Kirti 💚😋  9256729539 🚀 Indore EscortsVIP Call Girls Indore Kirti 💚😋  9256729539 🚀 Indore Escorts
VIP Call Girls Indore Kirti 💚😋 9256729539 🚀 Indore Escortsaditipandeya
 
Call Girl Coimbatore Prisha☎️ 8250192130 Independent Escort Service Coimbatore
Call Girl Coimbatore Prisha☎️  8250192130 Independent Escort Service CoimbatoreCall Girl Coimbatore Prisha☎️  8250192130 Independent Escort Service Coimbatore
Call Girl Coimbatore Prisha☎️ 8250192130 Independent Escort Service Coimbatorenarwatsonia7
 
Russian Call Girls in Bangalore Manisha 7001305949 Independent Escort Service...
Russian Call Girls in Bangalore Manisha 7001305949 Independent Escort Service...Russian Call Girls in Bangalore Manisha 7001305949 Independent Escort Service...
Russian Call Girls in Bangalore Manisha 7001305949 Independent Escort Service...narwatsonia7
 
Call Girls Service Navi Mumbai Samaira 8617697112 Independent Escort Service ...
Call Girls Service Navi Mumbai Samaira 8617697112 Independent Escort Service ...Call Girls Service Navi Mumbai Samaira 8617697112 Independent Escort Service ...
Call Girls Service Navi Mumbai Samaira 8617697112 Independent Escort Service ...Call girls in Ahmedabad High profile
 
Call Girl Number in Panvel Mumbai📲 9833363713 💞 Full Night Enjoy
Call Girl Number in Panvel Mumbai📲 9833363713 💞 Full Night EnjoyCall Girl Number in Panvel Mumbai📲 9833363713 💞 Full Night Enjoy
Call Girl Number in Panvel Mumbai📲 9833363713 💞 Full Night Enjoybabeytanya
 
Premium Call Girls Cottonpet Whatsapp 7001035870 Independent Escort Service
Premium Call Girls Cottonpet Whatsapp 7001035870 Independent Escort ServicePremium Call Girls Cottonpet Whatsapp 7001035870 Independent Escort Service
Premium Call Girls Cottonpet Whatsapp 7001035870 Independent Escort Servicevidya singh
 
Aspirin presentation slides by Dr. Rewas Ali
Aspirin presentation slides by Dr. Rewas AliAspirin presentation slides by Dr. Rewas Ali
Aspirin presentation slides by Dr. Rewas AliRewAs ALI
 
Call Girl Bangalore Nandini 7001305949 Independent Escort Service Bangalore
Call Girl Bangalore Nandini 7001305949 Independent Escort Service BangaloreCall Girl Bangalore Nandini 7001305949 Independent Escort Service Bangalore
Call Girl Bangalore Nandini 7001305949 Independent Escort Service Bangalorenarwatsonia7
 
Russian Call Girls in Pune Riya 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call gi...
Russian Call Girls in Pune Riya 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call gi...Russian Call Girls in Pune Riya 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call gi...
Russian Call Girls in Pune Riya 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call gi...Miss joya
 
(👑VVIP ISHAAN ) Russian Call Girls Service Navi Mumbai🖕9920874524🖕Independent...
(👑VVIP ISHAAN ) Russian Call Girls Service Navi Mumbai🖕9920874524🖕Independent...(👑VVIP ISHAAN ) Russian Call Girls Service Navi Mumbai🖕9920874524🖕Independent...
(👑VVIP ISHAAN ) Russian Call Girls Service Navi Mumbai🖕9920874524🖕Independent...Taniya Sharma
 
Call Girls Service In Shyam Nagar Whatsapp 8445551418 Independent Escort Service
Call Girls Service In Shyam Nagar Whatsapp 8445551418 Independent Escort ServiceCall Girls Service In Shyam Nagar Whatsapp 8445551418 Independent Escort Service
Call Girls Service In Shyam Nagar Whatsapp 8445551418 Independent Escort Serviceparulsinha
 
Bangalore Call Girls Marathahalli 📞 9907093804 High Profile Service 100% Safe
Bangalore Call Girls Marathahalli 📞 9907093804 High Profile Service 100% SafeBangalore Call Girls Marathahalli 📞 9907093804 High Profile Service 100% Safe
Bangalore Call Girls Marathahalli 📞 9907093804 High Profile Service 100% Safenarwatsonia7
 
Bangalore Call Girls Majestic 📞 9907093804 High Profile Service 100% Safe
Bangalore Call Girls Majestic 📞 9907093804 High Profile Service 100% SafeBangalore Call Girls Majestic 📞 9907093804 High Profile Service 100% Safe
Bangalore Call Girls Majestic 📞 9907093804 High Profile Service 100% Safenarwatsonia7
 
Kesar Bagh Call Girl Price 9548273370 , Lucknow Call Girls Service
Kesar Bagh Call Girl Price 9548273370 , Lucknow Call Girls ServiceKesar Bagh Call Girl Price 9548273370 , Lucknow Call Girls Service
Kesar Bagh Call Girl Price 9548273370 , Lucknow Call Girls Servicemakika9823
 

Último (20)

Russian Escorts Girls Nehru Place ZINATHI 🔝9711199012 ☪ 24/7 Call Girls Delhi
Russian Escorts Girls  Nehru Place ZINATHI 🔝9711199012 ☪ 24/7 Call Girls DelhiRussian Escorts Girls  Nehru Place ZINATHI 🔝9711199012 ☪ 24/7 Call Girls Delhi
Russian Escorts Girls Nehru Place ZINATHI 🔝9711199012 ☪ 24/7 Call Girls Delhi
 
Call Girls In Andheri East Call 9920874524 Book Hot And Sexy Girls
Call Girls In Andheri East Call 9920874524 Book Hot And Sexy GirlsCall Girls In Andheri East Call 9920874524 Book Hot And Sexy Girls
Call Girls In Andheri East Call 9920874524 Book Hot And Sexy Girls
 
Call Girls Service Jaipur Grishma WhatsApp ❤8445551418 VIP Call Girls Jaipur
Call Girls Service Jaipur Grishma WhatsApp ❤8445551418 VIP Call Girls JaipurCall Girls Service Jaipur Grishma WhatsApp ❤8445551418 VIP Call Girls Jaipur
Call Girls Service Jaipur Grishma WhatsApp ❤8445551418 VIP Call Girls Jaipur
 
💎VVIP Kolkata Call Girls Parganas🩱7001035870🩱Independent Girl ( Ac Rooms Avai...
💎VVIP Kolkata Call Girls Parganas🩱7001035870🩱Independent Girl ( Ac Rooms Avai...💎VVIP Kolkata Call Girls Parganas🩱7001035870🩱Independent Girl ( Ac Rooms Avai...
💎VVIP Kolkata Call Girls Parganas🩱7001035870🩱Independent Girl ( Ac Rooms Avai...
 
VIP Call Girls Indore Kirti 💚😋 9256729539 🚀 Indore Escorts
VIP Call Girls Indore Kirti 💚😋  9256729539 🚀 Indore EscortsVIP Call Girls Indore Kirti 💚😋  9256729539 🚀 Indore Escorts
VIP Call Girls Indore Kirti 💚😋 9256729539 🚀 Indore Escorts
 
Call Girl Coimbatore Prisha☎️ 8250192130 Independent Escort Service Coimbatore
Call Girl Coimbatore Prisha☎️  8250192130 Independent Escort Service CoimbatoreCall Girl Coimbatore Prisha☎️  8250192130 Independent Escort Service Coimbatore
Call Girl Coimbatore Prisha☎️ 8250192130 Independent Escort Service Coimbatore
 
Russian Call Girls in Bangalore Manisha 7001305949 Independent Escort Service...
Russian Call Girls in Bangalore Manisha 7001305949 Independent Escort Service...Russian Call Girls in Bangalore Manisha 7001305949 Independent Escort Service...
Russian Call Girls in Bangalore Manisha 7001305949 Independent Escort Service...
 
Escort Service Call Girls In Sarita Vihar,, 99530°56974 Delhi NCR
Escort Service Call Girls In Sarita Vihar,, 99530°56974 Delhi NCREscort Service Call Girls In Sarita Vihar,, 99530°56974 Delhi NCR
Escort Service Call Girls In Sarita Vihar,, 99530°56974 Delhi NCR
 
Call Girls Service Navi Mumbai Samaira 8617697112 Independent Escort Service ...
Call Girls Service Navi Mumbai Samaira 8617697112 Independent Escort Service ...Call Girls Service Navi Mumbai Samaira 8617697112 Independent Escort Service ...
Call Girls Service Navi Mumbai Samaira 8617697112 Independent Escort Service ...
 
Call Girl Number in Panvel Mumbai📲 9833363713 💞 Full Night Enjoy
Call Girl Number in Panvel Mumbai📲 9833363713 💞 Full Night EnjoyCall Girl Number in Panvel Mumbai📲 9833363713 💞 Full Night Enjoy
Call Girl Number in Panvel Mumbai📲 9833363713 💞 Full Night Enjoy
 
Premium Call Girls Cottonpet Whatsapp 7001035870 Independent Escort Service
Premium Call Girls Cottonpet Whatsapp 7001035870 Independent Escort ServicePremium Call Girls Cottonpet Whatsapp 7001035870 Independent Escort Service
Premium Call Girls Cottonpet Whatsapp 7001035870 Independent Escort Service
 
Aspirin presentation slides by Dr. Rewas Ali
Aspirin presentation slides by Dr. Rewas AliAspirin presentation slides by Dr. Rewas Ali
Aspirin presentation slides by Dr. Rewas Ali
 
Call Girl Bangalore Nandini 7001305949 Independent Escort Service Bangalore
Call Girl Bangalore Nandini 7001305949 Independent Escort Service BangaloreCall Girl Bangalore Nandini 7001305949 Independent Escort Service Bangalore
Call Girl Bangalore Nandini 7001305949 Independent Escort Service Bangalore
 
Russian Call Girls in Pune Riya 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call gi...
Russian Call Girls in Pune Riya 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call gi...Russian Call Girls in Pune Riya 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call gi...
Russian Call Girls in Pune Riya 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call gi...
 
(👑VVIP ISHAAN ) Russian Call Girls Service Navi Mumbai🖕9920874524🖕Independent...
(👑VVIP ISHAAN ) Russian Call Girls Service Navi Mumbai🖕9920874524🖕Independent...(👑VVIP ISHAAN ) Russian Call Girls Service Navi Mumbai🖕9920874524🖕Independent...
(👑VVIP ISHAAN ) Russian Call Girls Service Navi Mumbai🖕9920874524🖕Independent...
 
Call Girls Service In Shyam Nagar Whatsapp 8445551418 Independent Escort Service
Call Girls Service In Shyam Nagar Whatsapp 8445551418 Independent Escort ServiceCall Girls Service In Shyam Nagar Whatsapp 8445551418 Independent Escort Service
Call Girls Service In Shyam Nagar Whatsapp 8445551418 Independent Escort Service
 
Bangalore Call Girls Marathahalli 📞 9907093804 High Profile Service 100% Safe
Bangalore Call Girls Marathahalli 📞 9907093804 High Profile Service 100% SafeBangalore Call Girls Marathahalli 📞 9907093804 High Profile Service 100% Safe
Bangalore Call Girls Marathahalli 📞 9907093804 High Profile Service 100% Safe
 
Russian Call Girls in Delhi Tanvi ➡️ 9711199012 💋📞 Independent Escort Service...
Russian Call Girls in Delhi Tanvi ➡️ 9711199012 💋📞 Independent Escort Service...Russian Call Girls in Delhi Tanvi ➡️ 9711199012 💋📞 Independent Escort Service...
Russian Call Girls in Delhi Tanvi ➡️ 9711199012 💋📞 Independent Escort Service...
 
Bangalore Call Girls Majestic 📞 9907093804 High Profile Service 100% Safe
Bangalore Call Girls Majestic 📞 9907093804 High Profile Service 100% SafeBangalore Call Girls Majestic 📞 9907093804 High Profile Service 100% Safe
Bangalore Call Girls Majestic 📞 9907093804 High Profile Service 100% Safe
 
Kesar Bagh Call Girl Price 9548273370 , Lucknow Call Girls Service
Kesar Bagh Call Girl Price 9548273370 , Lucknow Call Girls ServiceKesar Bagh Call Girl Price 9548273370 , Lucknow Call Girls Service
Kesar Bagh Call Girl Price 9548273370 , Lucknow Call Girls Service
 

Παρουσίαση καθ. Παιδιατρικής Γ. Χρούσου

  • 1. Secular Growth Trends in Greece: Childhood Obesity, a Social Phenomenon George P. Chrousos Athens University Medical School
  • 3.  
  • 4.  
  • 5. Secular Trends in Obesity Mascie-Taylor and Goto, 2007
  • 6. 90th Centile Abdominal Circumference in cm Brambilla IJO 2007
  • 7.
  • 8. Global Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity Country, Year Criteria of Definition Age group Prevalence of OW and OB % Increase of OW and OB % (time interval) Australia, 1995 IOTF 4-6 7-11 12.8, 3.6 14.4, 5 (1985-1995) OW:38%, OB:190% Brazil, 1997 IOTF 6-9 10-18 17.4 12.6 (1974-1997) OW: 250% China, 1997 IOTF 6-9 10-18 11.3 6.2 (1991-1997) OW: 7.6%, 38% UK, 1994 IOTF 4-11 11.2, 2.1 (1984-1994) OW: 44.5% Germany, 1997 IOTF 5-6 12, 2.8 (1982-1997) OW: 44% Japan, 1996  120% of standard weight 6 12 4.5 9.5 (1970-1996) OW: 185%, 188% USA, 2000 CDC 2-19 27, 13.7 (1971-2000) OB: (6-11) 283%, (12-19): 154%
  • 9. Prevalence of BMI ≥85 th and ≥ 95 th Percentile of 15 y of Age: Consensus Statement, 2004 Speiser, 2005
  • 10. Secular Trends in Height and Weight, Males, Greece, 1978-2001 Height, Boys Weight, Boys Chiotis, Ann Clin Ped Univ Ath 2003
  • 11. Secular Trends in Height and Weight, Females, Greece, 1978-2001 Chiotis, Ann Clin Ped Univ Ath 2003 Weight, Girls Height, Girls
  • 12.
  • 13. Secular Growth Trends in Greece, 2001 in Relation to USA, 2000 Differences in males, aged 18 Differences in females, aged 18 3 th percentile 50 th percentile 97 th percentile Height +3 cm +1 cm +1.5cm Weight +6 kg +7 kg +6 kg 3 th percentile 50 th percentile 97 th percentile Height +3 cm +1 cm +1 cm Weight +2 kg +2 kg -4 kg
  • 14. BMI curves, 2001 Boys Girls
  • 15. BMI Curves in Relation to BMI 25 or 30 Boys Girls
  • 16.
  • 17.
  • 18.
  • 19.
  • 21.
  • 22.
  • 23.
  • 24.
  • 25. NHANES III (1988-1994) Metabolic Syndrome Επίπτωση Age (years) Prevalence Park et al., 2003 Total: 4.2% OB: 28.7% OW: 6.1% NW: 0.1%
  • 26. Risk Factors Arterial Hypertension , Obesity , Insulin Resistance, Dyslipidemia, Chronic stress (real or perceived) Metabolic Markers Cholesterol , LDL, HDL, Tg, Lp(a), Apo-A1, Apo-B, Glucose , HbA1c, Insulin, Albumin Adiponectin , hsCRP Metabolic Syndrome Diabetes Type II Cardio- Vascular Disease Background Age , Gender, Developmental History (SGA, LGA) , Diet, Physical Activity,Genes
  • 27. G E N E T I C B A C K G R O U N D , R A C E SOCIAL & DEVELOPMENTAL FACTORS SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT & CULTURE PERINATAL & DEVELOPMENTAL PARAMETERS UNFAVORABLE CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS: +Body fat, - - Lean mass, + Visceral fat O BESITY RELATED DIABETES OF THE YOUNG CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE METABOLIC SYNDROME ( PRE DISEASE)  3 of:  IR, IFG, IGT  Hyperten si on  Obesity  Dyslipidaemia SECONDARY METABOLIC ABNORMALITIES: Hypoadiponectinaemia Urine microalbuminuria Liver disease BEHAVIOR PSYCHOLOGY Chronic stress Eating disorders Depression CLINICAL PHENOTYPE (OBESITY) DIETARY BEHAVIOR PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
  • 28.
  • 29.  
  • 30.
  • 31.
  • 32.
  • 33.
  • 34. p< 0.001 N=31 N=36 N=36 N=35 Metabolic s. Prevalence across BMI z-score Quartiles among Males 100 % Metabolic Syndrome 00 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10
  • 35. % Metabolic Syndrome Metabolic s. Prevalence across BMI z-Score Quartiles among Females p< 0.001 N=55 N=56 N=55 N=56 100 00 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10
  • 36. 100 % Metabolic Syndrome 00 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 Metabolic s. Prevalence across Insulin Quartiles ( μ U/ml) among Males N=25 N=24 N=27 N=25 P=0.018
  • 37. 100 00 Metabolic s. Prevalence across Insulin Quartiles ( μ U/ml) among Females p< 0.001 N=48 N=50 N=50 N=50 % Metabolic Syndrome 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10
  • 38.  
  • 39.  
  • 40. Prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome and Metabolic Abnormalities in 420 Greek Children and Adolescents Assessed for Simple Obesity : preliminary results
  • 41. Depression & Obesity: age 14-19 Shape up America, NHANES III Martin & Moore, 2002 30% 20%
  • 42.
  • 43. 24 H SAMPLING OVERNIGHT DEXAMETHASONE TEST A. B. PLASMA CORTISOL 8 am 8 pm 8 am TARGET TISSUE SENSITIVITY TARGET TISSUE RESPONSE CORTISOL CONCENTRATION HS N R THRESHOLD FOR HARMFULNESS -D -D +D +D NS CS NS CS 24 H CORTISOL DARK
  • 44. Influence of Circadian Clock on HPA Axis SCN Circadian Center PVN CRH AVP ACTH F/B TARGET TISSUES Stress Other Inputs - - A circadian rhythm indirectly regulates the functions of all organs/tissues through modulation of glucocorticoid actions. Circulating F/B Target Tissue Effect Time Circadian fluctuation
  • 45. «Συμπάσχει η ψυχή τω σώματι νοσούντι και τεμνομένω, το δε σώμα τη ψυχή» “The soul suffers when the body is diseased or traumatized, while the body suffers when the soul is ailing” Aristotle
  • 46. «Παχέες ταχυθάνατοι μάλλον των ισχνών» “Obese people die earlier than thin ones” Hippocrates
  • 47.
  • 48.  
  • 49.
  • 50.
  • 51.
  • 52.   70-75 Προσδόκιμο Ζωής (1998)   75 - 80   65-70   60-65   55-60   under 55   NA
  • 53. Age adjusted death rates for CAD by country and sex, age 35-74 (British Heart Foundation, Statistics Database 2003)
  • 54.  
  • 55.  
  • 56.