Peritoneum

1. Retroperitoneal
space
NAME: VIVEK
GROUP: 104
STUDENTS SCIENTIFIC SEMINAR

2. PERITONEUM
 Peritoneum is a Thin
serous membrane
forming the lining of
abdomial cavity.
 It covers most of the
intra-abdominal organs.
 It arries out
Integumentary and
Protective functions.

3.  At first the peritoneum forms a closed sac,
however peritoneum splits into two layers when it
ends up being invaginated by a variety of abdominal
viscera:
• An outer parietal layer.
• An inner visceral layer.
 The peritoneum which lines the walls of the
abdomen, is called Parietal Peritoneum.
 The peritoneum which covers the its organs is
called Visceral pritoneum.

5. According to different relationships of
visceral peritoneum, abdominal organs can
be classified into three categories:
1. Retroperitoneal
2. Mesoperitoneal
3. Intraperitoneal

6. Retroperitoneal:
 Organs which are
covered by peritoneum
only from front.
Examples : Kidneys,
Adrenal glands, Ureters,
most of the Duodenum,
The Pancreas, Abdominal
Aorta & Inferior Vena
Cava

7. Mesoperitoneal:
 Organs which are covered by peritoneum from three
sides .
Example: Ascending and Descending Colons,
Middle part of Rectum.
Intraperitoneal:
 Organs which are covered by
peritonem on all sides.
Examples: Stomach, Jejunum and
Ileum, Transverse and Sigmoid
Colons, Upper part of Rectum,
Spleen and Liver. Intraperitoneal

9. DIFFERENCES :
•The peritoneum is a closed serous sac lined with
mesothelium, in the male.
•In the woman, since the peritoneum interacts
with the outside through uterine tubes, uterus,
and vagina, the peritoneum is not a closed sac. It
is likewise lined by mesothelium as in male.
•The peritoneum covering the ovaries is lined by
cuboidal epithelium.

10. FOLDS OF PERITONEUM
 These are formed by the visceral layer of
the peritoneum.
 The peritoneal folds suspend numerous
organs within the abdomen. Within the
abdominal cavity, these organs are mobile.
 The peritoneal folds likewise give pathways
for passage to nerves, vessels, and
lymphatics apart from enabling mobility to
organs.
 The organs that lie outside the peritoneal
cavity (retroperitoneal organs) are fixed
and stable.

11. Functions of Peritoneal Folds:
The functions of peritoneal folds are as
follows:
 To give mobility to the viscera.
 To give passage to vessels and nerves.

12. Classification:
The peritoneal folds are categorized into three types:
1. Mesentery/ Mesocolon
2. Omenta
3. Ligaments

13. Mesentery / Mesocolon
The fold suspending the small intestine is called mesentery and the
fold suspending the colon is called mesocolon
Omenta
These are the peritoneal folds that link the stomach with other
viscera. The examples are:
 Greater omentum is a fold that links the stomach with the
transverse colon.
 Lesser omentum is a fold that links the stomach with the
liver.
 Gastrosplenic omentum is a fold that links the stomach with
the spleen (in general use it is called gastrosplenic ligament).

14. Ligaments
They are the folds that link organs to
the abdominal wall or to each other.
The examples are:
 Ligaments of liver
 Ligaments of spleen
 Ligaments of stomach

15. Ligaments Of LIVER
Falciform ligament of liver
Coronary ligament
Left and right triangular
ligaments
Hepatogastric ligament
Hepatoduodenal ligament
Ligamentum teres hepatis

16. Ligaments of Spleen
• Gastrosplenic ligament
• Splenorenal ligament
• Phrenicosplenic ligament
• Splenocolic ligament
Ligaments of stomach
•Hepatogastric ligament
•Gastrosplenic ligament
•Gastrophrenic ligament
•Gastrocolic ligament
•Gastropancrestic ligament

17. PERITONEAL CAVITY
The space within the abdominal cavity,which is confined by
peritoneum is called the Peritoneal Cavity.
 It is a prospective space in between the parietal and
visceral layers of the peritoneum.
 In the male it is a closed cavity, however in the female it
interacts with the outside through ostia of uterine
tubes, uterus, and vagina; for that reason pelvic
infections prevail in the women.

18. SUBDIVISIONS OF THE PERITONEAL
CAVITY:
THE PERITONEAL CAVITY MIGHT BE
BROADLY DIVIDED INTO TWO PARTS:
1. GREATER SAC.
2. LESSER SAC (OR OMENTAL BURSA).

20. Clinical case
Ascites
Ascites is the buildup of
fluid in the space surrounding
the organs in the abdomen.
When ascites is caused by
cancer, it is called malignant
ascites. Malignant ascites is
most common in people with
the following cancers:
 Breast cancer
 Colon cancer
 Gastrointestinal tract
cancers, such as stomach
and intestinal cancers
 Ovarian cancer
 Pancreatic cancer

21. Greater Sac
It is the main part of the peritoneal cavity and within this
sac extends all the peritoneal organs.The abdominal part of
the peritoneal cavity is divided into anterosuperior
supracolic and posteroinferior infracolic compartments by
transverse colon and its mesentery – the transverse
mesocolon.
1. Upper level / Supracolic
2. Lower level / Infracolic

22. Upper level / Supracolic
This compartment of peritoneal cavity is confined by:
"Diaphragm"," Lateral Abdominal Walls" and the
"Transverse colon and its mesentery".
 Contains: Stomach, Liver, Spleen
Upper level has three separate compartments;
1. Hepatic Bursa 2. Pregastric Bursa 3. Omental Bursa

24. Lower level / Infracolic
It is situated beneath the transverse colon and its
mesentery.
Contains:
Two canals:
1. Right Lateral Canal 2. Left Lateral canal
Two Sinuses:
1. Right Mesenteric Sinus 2. Left Mesenteric Sinus
Recesses:
1. S & I Duodenojejunal 2. S & I Ileocaecal
3. Retrocecal 4. Sigmoid recess

25. Folds :
1. Rectovesicle fold
2. Isarectal fold
3. Vesicouteral pouch
4. Rectouterine pouch ( Douglas's Pouch)