water conservation need for water conservation strategies of water conservation methods of water conservation rainwater harvesting rooftop rainwater harvesting watershed management maintenance of watershed

1. WATER CONSERVATION
Viveha
s

2. WATER CONSERVATION
The process of saving water for future
utilization is called water conservation.
 Rain is the principle source of fresh water.
 The other sources of water are lakes, rivers,
oceans and streams.
 With the increase of population quality and
quantity of water has declined.
 Since water is the most important component
for human survival, it is essential to conserve
water resources.

3. NEED FOR WATER CONSERVATION
 As population increases, the requirement of
water also increases.
 Less than 1% of water on the earth is readily
available for human use.
 Due to deforestation there is a decrease in the
annual rainfall.
 Agricultural and industrial activities require
more fresh water.
 Over exploitation of ground water leads to
drought.

4. STRATEGIES OF WATER
CONSERVATION
The following strategies can be adopted for conservation
of water.
1. Reducing evaporation loss: evaporation of water in
humid regions can be reduced by placing horizontal
barriers of asphalt below the soil surface , which
increases water availability and crop yield.
2. Reducing irrigation loss: water loss during irrigation
can be reduced by the following methods.
 Growing hybrid crop varieties.
 Irrigation in early morning or later evening.
 Using drip irrigation or sprinkler irrigation.

5. Strategies of water conservation
Sprinkler irrigation Closing taps when not in use

6. 3. Re-use of water:
 Treated water can be used for ferti-irrigation.
 Grey water can be used for washing cars, watering
gardens, etc .
 Water used for washing vegetables and fruits can be
used to water plants.
4. Preventing wastage of water:
wastage of water can be prevented by:
• closing the taps when not in use.
• repair any leakage from pipes.
• use small capacity taps.

7. 5. Decrease run-off loss:
run-off can be reduced by
allowing water to infiltrate into
the soil. This can be done by
contour cultivation or terrace
farming.
6. Avoid discharge of
sewage:
discharge of untreated
sewage into natural water
resources must be
prevented.

8. METHODS OF WATER
CONSERVATION
There are many methods available for conservation
of water, some of the important measures are:
1. Rainwater harvesting
2. Watershed management

9. RAINWATER HARVESTING
Rainwater harvesting is a technique of collecting
and storing rainwater in natural reservoirs or tanks
for future utilization.
Objecting of rainwater harvesting:
 To meet increasing demands of water.
 To reduce ground water contamination.
 To minimize eater crisis.
 To reduce soil erosion.
 To raise the water table by recharging the ground water.

10. ROOFTOP RAINWATER HARVESTING
It is a method of collecting rainwater from the roof of
the building and storing it for future use.
It is a low cost and effective technique for urban
buildings.
ADVANTAGES OF RAINWATER HARVESTING
 Improves the quality and quantity of ground water.
 reduces soil erosion and flooding.
 increases the availability of water.
 Promotes water and energy conservation.

11. WATERSHED MANAGEMENT
Watershed: land area from which water drains under
the influence of gravity into a stream, lake,
reservoir or other body of surface water.
Watershed management: the management of rainfall
and resultant runoff is called watershed
management.
Factors affecting watershed:
 Overgrazing
 deforestation
 Mining
 Construction activities
 Droughty climates

12. Objectives of watershed management:
 To minimize the risks of floods, droughts and landslides.
 To prevent soil erosion by runoff.
 To raise the ground water level.
 To generate employment opportunities.
 To develop rural areas in the region.
Watershed management techniques:
1. Trenches: trenches are dug at equal intervals to
improve groundwater storage.
2. Earthen dam: it is constructed in the catchment area
to check the water run-off.
3. Farm pond: it can be built to improve water storage
capacity of the catchment area.
4. Dykes :It must be built along nullahs to raise the water
table.

13. MAINTAINANCE 0F WATERSHED
1. Water harvesting: proper storage of water in
watershed is done so that the water can be used
during dry seasons.
2. Aforestation & agro forestry: it helps to prevent soil
erosion and retention of moisture in watershed areas.
3. Reducing soil erosion: contour cropping, strip
cropping, etc., are used to minimize soil erosion.
4. Scientific mining and quarrying: due to improper
mining, the stability of hills get disturbed resulting in
landslides. Planting soil binding plants at an interval of
1 meter on overburden dump in the mined area are
recommended for minimizing the effects of mining in
watershed areas.
5. Minimizing livestock population: livestock population
in the villages surrounding the watershed should be

14. Thank you