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Son	
  V.	
  Cao	
  -­‐ Kyoto	
  University
(On	
  behalf	
  of	
  the	
  T2K	
  collaboration	
  )	
  
Recent	
  neutrino	
  oscillation	
  results	
  
from	
  T2K
7/14/16 PASCOS	
  2016,	
  Quy	
  Nhon,	
  VN
² Introduction	
  to	
   𝜈 oscillations	
  
² Introduction	
  to	
  T2K	
  experiment
² T2K	
  latest	
  results
² Summary
Brief	
  neutrino	
  history
7/14/16 PASCOS	
  2016,	
  Quy	
  Nhon,	
  VN 2
Credit	
  to	
  APS
² 1930:	
  On-­‐paper	
  appearance	
  as	
  “desperate”	
  remedy	
  by	
  W.	
  Pauli
² 1956:	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  first	
  experimentally	
  discovered	
  by	
  Reines	
  and	
  Cowan
² 1962:	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  existence	
  confirmed	
  by	
  Lederman	
  et	
  al.	
  
² 1998:	
  Atmospheric	
  neutrino	
   oscillations	
  discovered	
  by	
  Super-­‐K
² 2000:	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  first	
  evidence	
  reported	
  by	
  DONUT	
  experiment
² 2001:	
  Solar	
  neutrino	
   oscillations	
  detected	
  by	
  SNO	
  (KamLAND	
  2002)
² 2011:	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  transitions	
  observed	
  by	
  OPERA
² 2011-­‐13:	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  by	
  T2K,	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  deficit	
  observed	
  by	
  Daya Bay(2012)	
  
² 2015:	
  Nobel	
  prizes	
  for	
  𝜈 oscillations,	
  Breakthrough	
  prize	
  (2016)
¯⌫e
⌫µ
⌫⌧
⌫µ ! ⌫⌧
⌫µ ! ⌫e ¯⌫e ! ¯⌫e
2015
T2K	
  observe	
   𝜈 𝜇 à𝜈e
appearance
Nobel & Breakthrough
for	
  𝜈 oscillations
Standard	
  Model	
  &	
  neutrino	
  oscillations
37/14/16 PASCOS	
  2016,	
  Quy	
  Nhon,	
  VN
Source:	
  AAAS
0
@
⌫e
⌫µ
⌫⌧
1
A =
0
@
1 0 0
0 c23 s23
0 s23 c23
1
A
0
@
c12 s12 0
s12 c12 0
0 0 1
1
A
0
@
c13 0 s13e i CP
0 1 0
s13ei CP
0 c13
1
A
0
@
⌫1
⌫2
⌫3
1
APontecorvo
(1957)
Maki,
Nakagawa
Sakata
(1962)
Majorana
(1937)
Standard	
  Model:
² Neutrinos	
  interact	
  through	
  the	
  weak	
  
interaction
² Lepton	
  flavor	
  is	
  strictly	
  conserved
² Neutrinos	
  have	
  zero	
  mass
Neutrino	
  oscillations:
² Indicate	
  massive	
  neutrinos
² Mix	
  flavor	
  and	
  mass	
  eigenstates
² Beyond	
  Standard	
  Model
Flavor	
  eigenstates Mass	
  eigenstates
Standard	
  Model	
  &	
  neutrino	
  oscillations
Standard	
  Model:
² Neutrinos	
  interact	
  through	
  the	
  weak	
  
interaction
² Lepton	
  flavor	
  is	
  strictly	
  conserved
² Neutrinos	
  have	
  zero	
  mass
Neutrino	
  oscillations:
² Indicate	
  massive	
  neutrinos
² Mix	
  flavor	
  and	
  mass	
  eigenstates
² Beyond	
  Standard	
  Model
47/14/16 PASCOS	
  2016,	
  Quy	
  Nhon,	
  VN
Reactors	
  /	
  acceleratorSolar /	
  reactors
0
@
⌫e
⌫µ
⌫⌧
1
A =
0
@
1 0 0
0 c23 s23
0 s23 c23
1
A
0
@
c12 s12 0
s12 c12 0
0 0 1
1
A
0
@
c13 0 s13e i CP
0 1 0
s13ei CP
0 c13
1
A
0
@
⌫1
⌫2
⌫3
1
A
Source:	
  AAAS
cij = cos ✓ij, sij = sin ✓ij
Atmospherics	
  /	
  Accelerators
Present	
  neutrino	
  oscillation	
  landscape
7/14/16 PASCOS	
  2016,	
  Quy Nhon,	
  VN 5
Gonzalez-­‐Garcia et	
  al.,	
  arXiv:1512.06856	
  
⌫e ⌫µ ⌫⌧
Normal	
  hierarchy Inverted	
  hierarchy
m2
lightest m2
lightest
0
@
⌫e
⌫µ
⌫⌧
1
A =
0
@
1 0 0
0 c23 s23
0 s23 c23
1
A
0
@
c12 s12 0
s12 c12 0
0 0 1
1
A
0
@
c13 0 s13e i CP
0 1 0
s13ei CP
0 c13
1
A
0
@
⌫1
⌫2
⌫3
1
A
sign( m2
32) = ?
✓23 is maximal ?
CP = ?
mlightest = ?
m2
32
m2
31
m2
21
m2
21
⌫1
⌫2
⌫3
⌫1
⌫2
⌫3
m2
21 = 7.50+0.19
0.17 ⇥ 10 5
eV2
m2
31 = 2.457+0.047
0.047 ⇥ 10 3
eV2
✓13 = 8.50+0.20
0.21( )
✓12 = 33.48+0.78
0.75( )
✓23 = 42.3+3.0
1.6( )
m2
ij = m2
⌫i
m2
⌫j
Global	
  fit	
  – Normal	
  hierarchy
T2K	
  experiment
7/14/16 6PASCOS	
  2016,	
  Quy Nhon,	
  VN
² Long-­‐baseline	
  neutrino	
  experiment,	
  located	
  in	
  Japan
² Large	
  collaboration:	
  ~400	
  physicists	
  from	
  61	
  institutes/	
  11	
  nations
² Rich	
  programs:	
  standard	
  neutrino	
  oscillations	
  (this	
  talk),	
  non-­‐standard	
  
physics	
  search	
  (Phillip’s	
  talk),	
  neutrino	
  interactions	
  (David’s	
  talk)
J-­‐PARC	
  neutrino	
  beam	
  line
7/14/16
² High	
  intensity,	
  almost	
  pure	
  muon (anti)	
  neutrino	
  beam	
  from	
  J-­‐PARC
7PASCOS	
  2016,	
  Quy Nhon,	
  VN
² 30	
  GeV p	
  extracted	
  from	
  J-­‐PARC	
  main	
  ring,	
  impinge	
  on	
  90-­‐cm,	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  graphite	
  target	
  	
  
² Induced	
   𝜋+ (𝜋-­‐)	
  focused	
  by	
  three	
  horns,	
  pass	
  through	
  a	
  96-­‐m	
  decay	
  pile
² Beam	
  dump	
  to	
  stop	
  all	
  particles	
  except	
  neutrinos	
  and	
  high-­‐energy	
  muons
² Muon monitor,	
  downstream	
  of	
  beam	
  dump,	
  to	
  monitor	
  beam	
  intensity	
  and	
  direction	
  by	
  
measuring	
  induced	
  muon profile.
1.9 ⇥ int
Beam	
  power	
  and	
  data	
  accumulation
7/14/16 PASCOS	
  2016,	
  Quy	
  Nhon,	
  VN 8
!-mode POT: 7.57×1020 (50.14%)
!-mode POT: 7.53×1020 (49.86%)
27 May 2016
POT total: 1.510×1021
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
² Beam	
  power	
  steadily	
  increased	
  to	
  420	
  kW
² 1.5x1021 Protons-­‐on-­‐target	
  (POT)	
  accumulated.	
  Data	
  sample	
  for	
  
results	
  presented	
  today:
² Neutrino-­‐mode:	
  6.91x1020 POT
² Antineutrino-­‐mode:	
   7.53x1020	
  POT	
  (approx.	
  2	
  x	
  1st T2K	
  antineutrino	
   results)
Neutrino	
  flux	
  inference
7/14/16
² High	
  intensity,	
  almost	
  pure	
  muon (anti)	
  neutrino	
  beam	
  from	
  J-­‐PARC
9PASCOS	
  2016,	
  Quy Nhon,	
  VN
² To	
  infer	
  neutrino	
  flux,	
  knowledge	
  
of	
  hadron	
  production	
  at	
  target	
  
needed
² Constrained	
  by	
  external	
  data	
  from	
  
NA61/SHINE
Flux	
  uncertainty	
  ~	
  10%
Neutrino	
  mode Antineutrino	
   mode
< 1%(⌫e/⌫e) < 1%(⌫e/⌫e)
T2K	
  Far	
  Detector	
   T2K	
  Far	
  Detector	
  
T2K	
  Far	
  Detector	
   T2K	
  Far	
  Detector	
  
(Beam	
  modes	
  changed	
  by	
  switching	
  horn	
  polarity)
Near	
  Detectors
7/14/16 PASCOS	
  2016,	
  Quy	
  Nhon,	
  VN 10
² Near	
  Detector	
  complex	
  is	
  280m	
  downstream	
  of	
  target
On-­‐axis	
  (called	
  INGRID)
Measure	
  𝜈 beam	
  intensity	
  &	
  profile:	
  
16	
  scintillator-­‐steel	
  interleaved	
  
modules	
  (7.1	
  tons/each)
Off-­‐axis	
  (called	
  ND280)
Understand	
  unoscillated 𝜈 beam:	
  
further	
  constrain	
  flux	
  and	
  cross-­‐
section	
  parameters	
  
Near	
  Detectors	
  measurements
11
Day
[events/1e14POT]
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
Event rate
Horn250kA
Horn205kA
Horn-250kA
[mrad]
1−
0.5−
0
0.5
Horizontal beam direction INGRID
MUMON
Day
[mrad]
1−
0.5−
0
0.5
1
Vertical beam direction INGRID
MUMON
T2K Run1
Jan.2010-Jun.2010
T2K Run2
Nov.2010-Mar.2011
T2K Run3
Mar.2012-Jun.2012
T2K Run4
Oct.2012-May.2013
T2K Run5
May.2014
-Jun.2014
T2K Run6
Oct.2014-June.2015
T2K Run7
Feb.2016-May.2016
7/14/16 PASCOS	
  2016,	
  Quy Nhon,	
  VN
Operating	
  stably
Beam	
  intensity/profile
Constrain	
  flux
&	
   𝜈-­‐int.	
  model
Prefit =	
  No	
  ND280	
  data
Postfit =	
  ND280	
  data	
  included
Cross-­‐section	
  parameters
Off-­‐axis	
  neutrino	
   energy	
  strongly	
  depend	
  on	
  beam
direction	
  (1mrad ~ 2% shift of peak energy)
Data	
  used	
  as	
  much	
  as	
  possible
to	
  constrain	
  𝜈-­‐int.	
  model
Far	
  Detector,	
  Super-­‐Kamiokande
7/14/16 PASCOS	
  2016,	
  Quy	
  Nhon,	
  VN 12
(GeV)νE
0 1 2 3
(A.U.)295km
µνΦ
0
0.5
1 °OA 0.0
°OA 2.0
°OA 2.5
0 1 2 3
)eν→µνP(
0.05
0.1
= 0CP
δNH, = 0CP
δIH,
/2π=CP
δNH, /2π=CP
δIH,
0 1 2 3
)µν→µνP(
0.5
1
= 1.023θ22
sin
= 0.113θ22
sin
2
eV-3
10×= 2.432
2
m∆
Partice ID parameter
-10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
Super Kamiokande IV 2166.5 days : Monitoring
e-like muon-like
Numberofevents
² Muon and	
  electron	
  are	
  well-­‐separated
à identify	
  𝜈 𝜇/𝜈$ with	
  high	
  purity
² Super-­‐K	
  is	
  2.50 off	
  the	
  beam’s	
  axis	
  to	
  achieve	
  narrow	
  band	
  beam	
  peaked	
  
at	
  oscillation	
  maximum	
  (0.6	
  GeV)
(atmospheric	
   𝜈 data)
Super-­‐Kamiokande
(41.4	
  m	
  tall	
  x	
  39.3m	
  diameter)
22.5	
  ktons fiducial volume	
  
1000m	
  underground
⌫µ + n ! µ + p
⌫e + n ! e + p
Oscillation	
  parameters	
  extracted	
  from	
  T2K	
  data
7/14/16 PASCOS	
  2016,	
  Quy	
  Nhon,	
  VN 13
NH:	
  Normal	
   𝜈 mass	
  hierarchy
IH:	
  Inverted	
   𝜈 mass	
  hierarchy
*Reactor	
  constraint	
  used	
  as	
  prior	
  if	
  is	
  applied
sin2
2✓13 = 0.085 ± 0.005
Disappearance	
  channel,	
  
sensitive	
  to	
  𝜃23 &	
  ∆ 𝑚()
)
Appearance	
  channel,	
  
sensitive	
  to	
  𝜃13 &	
   𝛿CP
⌫µ candiate ⌫µ candiate
⌫e candiate
⌫e candiate
7/14/16 PASCOS	
  2016,	
  Quy	
  Nhon,	
  VN 14
*Reactor	
  constraint	
  used	
  as	
  prior	
  if	
  is	
  applied
sin2
2✓13 = 0.085 ± 0.005
Disappearance	
  channel,	
  
sensitive	
  to	
  𝜃23 &	
  ∆ 𝑚()
)
Appearance	
  channel,	
  
sensitive	
  to	
  𝜃13 &	
   𝛿CP
⌫µ candiate ⌫µ candiate
⌫e candiate
⌫e candiate
² Today	
  result:	
  All	
   𝜈/𝜈̅ samples	
  are	
  combined	
  to	
  
extract	
  oscillation	
  parameters.	
  The	
   𝜈 and	
   𝜈̅ are	
  
treated	
  identically.
² Different	
  approaches	
  for	
  statistical	
  treatment:
o Frequentist and	
  Bayesian
o Fit	
  on	
  reconstructed	
  E 𝜈 or	
  momentum/angle	
  
of	
  induced	
  leptons
² They	
  agree	
  with	
  each	
  other	
  
Oscillation	
  parameters	
  extracted	
  from	
  T2K	
  data
Results:	
   𝜃23 &	
  ∆ 𝑚()
)
7/14/16 PASCOS	
  2016,	
  Quy	
  Nhon,	
  VN
² Since	
  2014,	
  mainly	
  taking	
  data	
  in	
   𝜈̅ mode	
  
(run	
  5-­‐7)
² 𝜈 𝜇 disappearance	
  behaves	
  consistently	
  w/	
  
𝜈, disappearance
² Result	
  consistent	
  with	
  maximal	
  mixing,	
  the	
  
world’s	
  highest	
  precision	
   𝜃23	
  measurement
² Slightly	
  favor	
  normal	
  mass	
  hierarchy
15
Normal MH
(𝛥𝝌2
best-­‐fit=0.0)
Inverted MH	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  
(𝛥𝝌2
best-­‐fit=2.66)
sin2 𝜃23 0.53245.565
75.588 0.53445.5:;
75.58<
∆𝑚()
)
/104(
(eV2) 2.54545.5?)
75.5?8
2.51045.5?(
75.5?)
𝜈:	
  6.91x1020 POT	
  +	
   𝜈̅:	
  7.53x1020	
  POT
T2K	
  Run1-­‐7b	
  preliminary	
  	
  
T2K	
  Run1-­‐7b	
  preliminary	
  	
  
Results:	
   𝜃13 &	
   𝛿CP
7/14/16 PASCOS	
  2016,	
  Quy	
  Nhon,	
  VN 16
T2K	
  data	
  only
T2K	
  data	
  +	
  reactor
² Shows	
  for	
  two	
  cases:	
  (i)	
  T2K	
  data	
  only	
  &	
  	
  	
  
(ii)	
  T2K	
  data	
  w/	
  reactor	
  constraint
² Mass	
  hierarchy	
  is	
  fixed,	
  either	
  normal	
  
or	
  inverted	
  and	
  compute	
  independently
² Measured	
   𝜃13 w/	
  T2K	
  data	
  only	
  (top	
  plot)	
  
agrees	
  with	
  reactor	
  measurement	
  
² With	
  reactor	
  constraint,	
  data	
  exclude	
  
positive	
  value	
  of	
   𝛿CP	
  at	
  ~90%	
  C.L.
Results:	
   𝛿CP
7/14/16 PASCOS	
  2016,	
  Quy	
  Nhon,	
  VN 17
T2K	
  +	
  reactorObservation
Sensitivity
² Slightly	
  favor	
   𝛿CP =	
  -­‐ 𝜋/2
² Measured	
   𝛥 𝝌2	
   is	
  marginally	
  different	
  than	
  
the	
  expected	
  one
² It	
  is	
  due	
  to	
  difference	
  btw/	
  observed	
  data	
  
and	
  expectation,	
  specifically
² 𝜈$ appearance	
  is	
  larger	
  than	
  expected
² 𝜈$B “appearance”	
  is	
  smaller	
  than	
  expected
Summary
7/14/16 PASCOS	
  2016,	
  Quy	
  Nhon,	
  VN
² Results	
  with	
   𝜈/𝜈̅ combined	
  data	
  shown
o Consistent	
  with	
   𝜃23 maximal	
  mixing	
  
o Slightly	
  prefer	
  normal	
  mass	
  hierarchy
o Slightly	
  favor	
   𝛿CP =	
  -­‐ 𝜋/2	
  
𝛿CP =	
  [-­‐3.02,	
  -­‐0.49]	
  (NH),	
  [-­‐1.87,	
  -­‐0.98]	
  (IH)	
  at	
  90%	
  C.L.
à More	
  statistics	
  are	
  needed	
  
² J-­‐PARC	
  beam	
  power	
  has	
  steadily	
  increased	
  up	
  to	
  420	
  kW
² Accumulated	
  exposure	
  of	
  1.5x1021	
  POT	
  (~20%	
  of	
  T2K	
  total	
  approved	
  
running)
Stay	
  tuned	
  for	
  upcoming	
  results	
  from	
  T2K
18
7/14/16 PASCOS	
  2016,	
  Quy	
  Nhon,	
  VN 19
Thank	
  you!
(Cảm ơn)
T2K	
  Phase	
  2	
  proposal	
  	
  
7/14/16 PASCOS	
  2016,	
  Quy	
  Nhon,	
  VN
² Approved	
  T2K	
  statistics,	
  7.8	
  x1021
POT,	
  can	
  be	
  accumulated	
  by	
  JFY2020
² Hyper-­‐K	
  and	
  DUNE	
  are	
  expected	
  to	
  
start	
  around	
  2026
² T2K	
  Phase	
  2,	
  if	
  extended	
  to	
  JFY2026,	
  
collects	
  ~	
  20x1021 POT
² Neutrino	
  beamlineupgrade	
  &	
  
analysis	
  improvements	
  (SK	
  fiducial
volume,	
  add	
  new	
  event	
  sample)	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  
à Effectively	
  add 50%	
  statistics
² Reduction	
  of	
  systematic	
  uncertainties	
  
to	
  enhance	
  CPV	
  sensitivity
20
Number	
  of	
  events	
  expected	
  at	
  T2K	
  far	
  detector	
  
with	
  full	
  proposed	
   T2K	
  Phase	
  2	
  exposure
J-­‐PARC	
  Main	
  Ring	
  expected	
  beam	
  power
&	
  T2K	
  Phase	
  2	
  accumulation	
  scenario	
  
T2K	
  Phase	
  2	
  sensitivity	
  to	
  CPV
7/14/16 PASCOS	
  2016,	
  Quy	
  Nhon,	
  VN 21
)21
Protons-on-Target (x10
0 5 10 15 20
=0CPδtoexcludesin2
χ∆
0
5
10
15 =0.4323
θ2
True sin
=0.5023
θ2
True sin
=0.6023
θ2
True sin
90% C.L.
99% C.L.
C.L.σ3
w/ eff. stat. improvements (no sys. errors)
w/ eff. stat. & sys. improvements
Work in Progress
)°(CP
δTrue
200− 100− 0 100 200
=0CPδtoexcludesin2
χ∆
0
5
10
15
20
=0.4323θ2
True sin
=0.5023θ2
True sin
=0.6023θ2
True sin
90% C.L.
99% C.L.
C.L.σ3
POT w/ eff. stat. & sys. improvements21
20x10
POT w/ 2016 sys. errs.21
7.8x10
Work in Progress
CP =
⇡
2
² >	
  3 𝜎 significance	
  sensitivity	
  to	
  CP	
  
violation	
  if	
   𝛿CP=	
  -­‐ 𝜋/2
² 99%	
  C.L.	
  significance	
  for	
  more	
  than	
  45%	
  
of	
  the	
  possible	
  true	
  values	
  of	
   𝛿CP
² 1%	
  precision	
  of	
   𝛥m2
23,	
  0.5o	
  -­‐ 1.7o	
  
precision	
  of	
   𝜃23	
  depending	
  on	
  its	
  true	
  
value,	
  ~3𝜎 significance	
  for	
  resolving	
   𝜃23	
  	
  
octant	
  if	
  sin2 𝜃23	
  >0.6	
  or	
  sin2 𝜃23	
  <0.43
23
θ2
sin
0.4 0.5 0.6
32
2
m∆
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.8
3
3−
10×
Current POT , 90% C.L
POT, 90% C.L21
7.8x10
POT w/improvement, 90% C.L21
20x10
Stat. only
Systematics
Work in Progress
True sin2
✓23 = 0.6
Bayesian	
  posterior	
  probability
7/14/16 22
NSK/NSK
NH IH Sum
sin2θ23≤0.5 21.8% 7.2% 29.0%
sin2θ23>0.5 53.9% 18.1% 71.0%
Sum 74.7% 25.3% 100%
Bayesian	
  w/	
  MCMC
(Erec)
(Plep/𝜃lep)	
  
² Prefer	
  normal	
  mass	
  hierarchy	
  and	
  higher	
  
octant
Bayesian	
  w/	
  likelihood	
  fit
(Erec)
PASCOS	
  2016,	
  Quy Nhon,	
  VN
Frequentist
(Erec for	
   𝜈 𝜇/𝜈, )
(Erec/ 𝜃lep for	
   𝜈$ /𝜈$B )
Backup:	
  Data	
  fit	
  vs	
  sensitivity
7/14/16 PASCOS	
  2016,	
  Quy	
  Nhon,	
  VN 23
10k	
  toys 10k	
  toys
² Toy	
  experiments	
  at	
  true	
  values	
  of	
   𝛿CP	
  &	
  MH	
  
generated	
  to	
  	
  understand	
  data	
  fit	
  outcomes
² Probability	
  to	
  exclude	
   𝛿CP	
  =	
  (0,	
   𝜋)	
  is	
  evaluated
² Data	
  agree	
  w/	
   𝛿CP =	
  -­‐1.76	
  (~-­‐𝜋/2),	
  normal	
  MH	
  
at	
  2 𝜎 level	
  and	
  probability	
  to	
  exclude	
   𝛿CP	
  =0	
  is	
  
non-­‐negligible	
  (>8%)
True:	
   𝛿CP =	
  -­‐1.76,	
  normal	
  MHTrue:	
   𝛿CP =	
  0,	
  normal	
  MH
Prop.	
  (%)
to	
  exclude	
  
True	
  para.
𝛿CP =	
  -­‐1.76,	
  NH
True	
  para.
𝛿CP =	
  0,	
  NH
90%	
  CL 2𝝈 90%	
  CL 2𝝈
𝛿CP =0,	
  NH 18.7 8.9 10.2 4.7
𝛿CP =𝜋,	
  NH 16.3 6.8 13.4 6.5
Systematic	
  error	
  table
7/14/16 PASCOS	
  2016,	
  Quy	
  Nhon,	
  VN 24
𝜈-­‐mode	
  (%) 𝝂B-­‐mode	
  (%)
𝜇-­‐like e-­‐like 𝜇-­‐like e-­‐like
Flux 3.59 3.67 3.68 3.78
𝜈 int. 4.10 5.20 5.43 3.78
SK	
  det. 4.15 3.50 3.94 3.97
Osc.	
  par. 0.03 4.16 0.03 4.00
Pre	
  fit 11.9 12.6 12.7 14.3
Post	
  fit 5.13 6.80 5.12 7.41
NSK/NSK
90%	
  range	
  of	
   𝛿CP
7/14/16 PASCOS	
  2016,	
  Quy	
  Nhon,	
  VN 25
NSK/NSK
Fit	
  with	
  DataSensitivity
Data	
  fit	
  vs	
  sensitivity
7/14/16 PASCOS	
  2016,	
  Quy	
  Nhon,	
  VN 26
Results:	
   𝜃13 &	
   𝛿CP
7/14/16 PASCOS	
  2016,	
  Quy	
  Nhon,	
  VN 27
T2K	
  +	
  reactor
Sensitivity
T2K	
  data	
  only
Observation
²Agree	
  w/	
  reactor
²Marginally	
  differ	
  
from	
  expectation	
  
(next	
  slides)
CP = 1.601,
sin2
✓13 = 0.0217,
sin2
✓23 = 0.528,
m2
32 = 2.509 ⇥ 10 3
eV 2
/c4
Assume	
  (PDG	
  2015):
BANFF:	
  flux	
  RHC
7/14/16 PASCOS	
  2016,	
  Quy	
  Nhon,	
  VN
² 15%	
  increase
28
(GeV)νE
-1
10 1 10
FluxParameterValue
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
Prior to ND280 Constraint
After ND280 Constraint
beam modeν,eνND280
(GeV)νE
-1
10 1 10
FluxParameterValue
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
Prior to ND280 Constraint
After ND280 Constraint
beam modeν,eνND280
(GeV)νE
-1
10 1 10
FluxParameterValue
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
Prior to ND280 Constraint
After ND280 Constraint
beam modeν,µνND280
(GeV)νE
-1
10 1 10
FluxParameterValue
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
Prior to ND280 Constraint
After ND280 Constraint
beam modeν,µνND280
Neutrino	
  oscillations
² Now	
  well-­‐understood	
  phenomenon
² Quantum	
  mechanical	
  mixing	
  between	
  mass	
  	
  and	
  flavor	
  eigenstates	
  
|⌫↵(0)i = U↵i|⌫i(0)i
↵ = e, µ, ⌧ i = 1, 2, 3
|⌫ (t)i = U j|⌫j(t)i
= e, µ, ⌧ j = 1, 2, 3
|⌫↵(0)i |⌫ (t)i
U⇤
↵i U j
e mit
Credit	
  to	
  Boris	
  K.
297/14/16 PASCOS	
  2016,	
  Quy	
  Nhon,	
  VN
Neutrino	
  oscillations
Probability	
  (in	
  vacuum):	
  
*	
  Abbreviated	
  after	
  Pontecorvo,	
  Maki,	
  Nakagawa,	
  Sakata	
  
UPMNS =
0
@
1 0 0
0 c23 s23
0 s23 c23
1
A
0
@
c13 0 s13e i CP
0 1 0
s13ei CP
0 c13
1
A
0
@
c12 s12 0
s12 c12 0
0 0 1
1
A
Atmospherics	
  /	
  Accelerators Reactors	
  /	
  accelerator Solar neutrino	
  /	
  reactors
307/14/16 PASCOS	
  2016,	
  Quy	
  Nhon,	
  VN
P⌫↵!⌫ (t) =|h⌫ |⌫↵(t)i|2
= ↵ 4
X
i>j
<(U⇤
↵iU iU↵jU⇤
j) sin2
(
m2
ijL
4E
)
+ 2
X
i>j
=(U⇤
↵iU iU↵jU⇤
j) sin(
m2
ijL
4E
),
Non-­‐zero
T2K	
  off-­‐axis	
  detector:	
  ND280
7/14/16 PASCOS	
  2016,	
  Quy	
  Nhon,	
  VN
Aim	
  to	
  understand	
  unoscillated 𝜈 beam:	
  constrains	
  flux	
  
and	
  cross-­‐section	
  parameters	
  
² Tracker,	
  composed	
  of	
  Fine-­‐Grained	
  Detector	
  (FGD)	
  
and	
  Time	
  Projection	
  Chamber	
  (TPC),	
  is	
  central	
  part
o Two	
  FGDs:	
  	
  active	
  target	
  w/	
  scintillator	
  only	
  
(FGD1)	
  or	
  	
  scintillator-­‐water	
  interleaved	
  (FGD2)
o Three	
  TPCs:	
  mainly	
  Argon	
  (95%)	
  filled,	
  for	
  
momentum	
   measurement	
  and	
  particle	
  ID	
  
² 𝜋0	
  detector	
  (POD)	
  for	
  water-­‐scintillator	
  target	
  and	
  𝜋0
tagging	
  
² Electromagnetic	
  calorimeters	
  (ECal)	
  to	
  detect	
  gamma	
  
rays	
  and	
  reconstruct	
  𝜋0
² Side	
  muon range	
  detectors	
  (SMRD)	
  to	
  tag	
  entering	
  
cosmic	
  muons or	
  side-­‐exiting	
  muons
Key	
  features	
  for	
  cross-­‐section:	
  
o Narrow	
  flux	
  spectrum	
  ,	
  mean	
  ~	
  0.85	
  GeV
o Multiple	
  targets:	
  scintillator,	
  water,	
  argon,	
  lead
o High	
  final	
  state	
  ID	
  resolution,	
   charge	
  separation	
  
31
~B
0.2	
  T
Pre-­‐fit:	
  muon momentum
7/14/16 PASCOS	
  2016,	
  Quy	
  Nhon,	
  VN 32
Muon momentum (MeV/c)
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000
Events/(100MeV/c)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
Data
CCQEν
CC 2p-2hν
πCC Res 1ν
πCC Coh 1ν
CC Otherν
NC modesν
modesν
FGD1,
nu,	
  CC0pi
Muon momentum (MeV/c)
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000
Events/(100MeV/c)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Data
CCQEν
CC 2p-2hν
πCC Res 1ν
πCC Coh 1ν
CC Otherν
NC modesν
modesν
FGD1,
nu,	
  CC1pi
Muon momentum (MeV/c)
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000
Events/(100MeV/c)
0
50
100
150
200
250
Data
CCQEν
CC 2p-2hν
πCC Res 1ν
πCC Coh 1ν
CC Otherν
NC modesν
modesν
FGD1,
nu,	
  CCres
Muon momentum (MeV/c)
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000
Events/(100MeV/c)
0
50
100
150
200
250
Data
CCQEν
non-CCQEν
CCQEν
non-CCQEν
FGD1,
Antinu,	
  CC1trk
Muon momentum (MeV/c)
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000
Events/(100MeV/c)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Data
CCQEν
non-CCQEν
CCQEν
non-CCQEν
FGD1,
Antinu,	
  CCNtrk
Muon momentum (MeV/c)
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000
Events/(100MeV/c)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Data
CCQEν
non-CCQEν
CCQEν
non-CCQEν
FGD1,
nu,	
  CC1trk
Muon momentum (MeV/c)
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000
Events/(100MeV/c)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Data
CCQEν
non-CCQEν
CCQEν
non-CCQEν
FGD1,
nu,	
  CCNtrk
Post-­‐fit:	
  muon momentum
7/14/16 PASCOS	
  2016,	
  Quy	
  Nhon,	
  VN 33
Muon momentum (MeV/c)
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000
Events/(100MeV/c)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
Data
CCQEν
CC 2p-2hν
πCC Res 1ν
πCC Coh 1ν
CC Otherν
NC modesν
modesν
FGD1,
nu,	
  CC0pi
Muon momentum (MeV/c)
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000
Events/(100MeV/c)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Data
CCQEν
CC 2p-2hν
πCC Res 1ν
πCC Coh 1ν
CC Otherν
NC modesν
modesν
FGD1,
nu,	
  CC1pi
Muon momentum (MeV/c)
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000
Events/(100MeV/c)
0
50
100
150
200
250
Data
CCQEν
CC 2p-2hν
πCC Res 1ν
πCC Coh 1ν
CC Otherν
NC modesν
modesν
FGD1,
nu,	
  CCres
Muon momentum (MeV/c)
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000
Events/(100MeV/c)
0
50
100
150
200
250
Data
CCQEν
non-CCQEν
CCQEν
non-CCQEν
FGD1,
Antinu,	
  CC1trk
Muon momentum (MeV/c)
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000
Events/(100MeV/c)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Data
CCQEν
non-CCQEν
CCQEν
non-CCQEν
FGD1,
Antinu,	
  CCNtrk
Muon momentum (MeV/c)
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000
Events/(100MeV/c)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Data
CCQEν
non-CCQEν
CCQEν
non-CCQEν
FGD1,
nu,	
  CC1trk
Muon momentum (MeV/c)
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000
Events/(100MeV/c)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Data
CCQEν
non-CCQEν
CCQEν
non-CCQEν
FGD1,
nu,	
  CCNtrk
Pre-­‐fit:	
  muon angle
7/14/16 PASCOS	
  2016,	
  Quy	
  Nhon,	
  VN
² 2x3	
  sample	
  for	
  
neutrinos	
  (FGD1,2)
² 2x4	
  sample	
  for	
  anti-­‐
neutrinos	
  (FGD1,2)
34
θMuon cos
0.8 0.82 0.84 0.86 0.88 0.9 0.92 0.94 0.96 0.98 1
Events/(0.01)
0
50
100
150
200
250
Data
CCQEν
non-CCQEν
CCQEν
non-CCQEν
FGD1,
Antinu,	
  CC1trk
θMuon cos
0.8 0.82 0.84 0.86 0.88 0.9 0.92 0.94 0.96 0.98 1
Events/(0.01)
0
50
100
150
200
250
Data
CCQEν
non-CCQEν
CCQEν
non-CCQEν
FGD1,
Antinu,	
  CCNtrk
θMuon cos
0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85 0.9 0.95 1
Events/(0.01)
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600 Data
CCQEν
CC 2p-2hν
πCC Res 1ν
πCC Coh 1ν
CC Otherν
NC modesν
modesν
FGD1,
nu,	
  CC0pi
θMuon cos
0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85 0.9 0.95 1
Events/(0.01)
0
100
200
300
400
500
Data
CCQEν
CC 2p-2hν
πCC Res 1ν
πCC Coh 1ν
CC Otherν
NC modesν
modesν
FGD1,
nu,	
  CC1pi
θMuon cos
0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85 0.9 0.95 1
Events/(0.01)
0
100
200
300
400
500
Data
CCQEν
CC 2p-2hν
πCC Res 1ν
πCC Coh 1ν
CC Otherν
NC modesν
modesν
FGD1,
nu,	
  CCres
θMuon cos
0.8 0.82 0.84 0.86 0.88 0.9 0.92 0.94 0.96 0.98 1
Events/(0.01)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Data
CCQEν
non-CCQEν
CCQEν
non-CCQEν
θMuon cos
0.8 0.82 0.84 0.86 0.88 0.9 0.92 0.94 0.96 0.98 1
Events/(0.01)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Data
CCQEν
non-CCQEν
CCQEν
non-CCQEν
FGD1,
nu,	
  CC1trk
FGD1,
nu,	
  CCNtrk
Post-­‐fit:	
  muon angle
7/14/16 PASCOS	
  2016,	
  Quy	
  Nhon,	
  VN 35
θMuon cos
0.8 0.82 0.84 0.86 0.88 0.9 0.92 0.94 0.96 0.98 1
Events/(0.01)
0
50
100
150
200
250
Data
CCQEν
non-CCQEν
CCQEν
non-CCQEν
FGD1,
Antinu,	
  CC1trk
θMuon cos
0.8 0.82 0.84 0.86 0.88 0.9 0.92 0.94 0.96 0.98 1
Events/(0.01)
0
50
100
150
200
250
Data
CCQEν
non-CCQEν
CCQEν
non-CCQEν
FGD1,
Antinu,	
  CCNtrk
θMuon cos
0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85 0.9 0.95 1
Events/(0.01)
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600 Data
CCQEν
CC 2p-2hν
πCC Res 1ν
πCC Coh 1ν
CC Otherν
NC modesν
modesν
FGD1,
nu,	
  CC0pi
θMuon cos
0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85 0.9 0.95 1
Events/(0.01)
0
100
200
300
400
500
Data
CCQEν
CC 2p-2hν
πCC Res 1ν
πCC Coh 1ν
CC Otherν
NC modesν
modesν
FGD1,
nu,	
  CC1pi
θMuon cos
0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85 0.9 0.95 1
Events/(0.01)
0
100
200
300
400
500
Data
CCQEν
CC 2p-2hν
πCC Res 1ν
πCC Coh 1ν
CC Otherν
NC modesν
modesν
FGD1,
nu,	
  CCres
θMuon cos
0.8 0.82 0.84 0.86 0.88 0.9 0.92 0.94 0.96 0.98 1
Events/(0.01)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Data
CCQEν
non-CCQEν
CCQEν
non-CCQEν
θMuon cos
0.8 0.82 0.84 0.86 0.88 0.9 0.92 0.94 0.96 0.98 1
Events/(0.01)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Data
CCQEν
non-CCQEν
CCQEν
non-CCQEν
FGD1,
nu,	
  CC1trk
FGD1,
nu,	
  CCNtrk
² 2x3	
  sample	
  for	
  
neutrinos	
  (FGD1,2)
² 2x4	
  sample	
  for	
  anti-­‐
neutrinos	
  (FGD1,2)

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Recent neutrino oscillation results from T2K

  • 1. Son  V.  Cao  -­‐ Kyoto  University (On  behalf  of  the  T2K  collaboration  )   Recent  neutrino  oscillation  results   from  T2K 7/14/16 PASCOS  2016,  Quy  Nhon,  VN ² Introduction  to   𝜈 oscillations   ² Introduction  to  T2K  experiment ² T2K  latest  results ² Summary
  • 2. Brief  neutrino  history 7/14/16 PASCOS  2016,  Quy  Nhon,  VN 2 Credit  to  APS ² 1930:  On-­‐paper  appearance  as  “desperate”  remedy  by  W.  Pauli ² 1956:            first  experimentally  discovered  by  Reines  and  Cowan ² 1962:            existence  confirmed  by  Lederman  et  al.   ² 1998:  Atmospheric  neutrino   oscillations  discovered  by  Super-­‐K ² 2000:            first  evidence  reported  by  DONUT  experiment ² 2001:  Solar  neutrino   oscillations  detected  by  SNO  (KamLAND  2002) ² 2011:                                      transitions  observed  by  OPERA ² 2011-­‐13:                                  by  T2K,                                  deficit  observed  by  Daya Bay(2012)   ² 2015:  Nobel  prizes  for  𝜈 oscillations,  Breakthrough  prize  (2016) ¯⌫e ⌫µ ⌫⌧ ⌫µ ! ⌫⌧ ⌫µ ! ⌫e ¯⌫e ! ¯⌫e 2015 T2K  observe   𝜈 𝜇 à𝜈e appearance Nobel & Breakthrough for  𝜈 oscillations
  • 3. Standard  Model  &  neutrino  oscillations 37/14/16 PASCOS  2016,  Quy  Nhon,  VN Source:  AAAS 0 @ ⌫e ⌫µ ⌫⌧ 1 A = 0 @ 1 0 0 0 c23 s23 0 s23 c23 1 A 0 @ c12 s12 0 s12 c12 0 0 0 1 1 A 0 @ c13 0 s13e i CP 0 1 0 s13ei CP 0 c13 1 A 0 @ ⌫1 ⌫2 ⌫3 1 APontecorvo (1957) Maki, Nakagawa Sakata (1962) Majorana (1937) Standard  Model: ² Neutrinos  interact  through  the  weak   interaction ² Lepton  flavor  is  strictly  conserved ² Neutrinos  have  zero  mass Neutrino  oscillations: ² Indicate  massive  neutrinos ² Mix  flavor  and  mass  eigenstates ² Beyond  Standard  Model Flavor  eigenstates Mass  eigenstates
  • 4. Standard  Model  &  neutrino  oscillations Standard  Model: ² Neutrinos  interact  through  the  weak   interaction ² Lepton  flavor  is  strictly  conserved ² Neutrinos  have  zero  mass Neutrino  oscillations: ² Indicate  massive  neutrinos ² Mix  flavor  and  mass  eigenstates ² Beyond  Standard  Model 47/14/16 PASCOS  2016,  Quy  Nhon,  VN Reactors  /  acceleratorSolar /  reactors 0 @ ⌫e ⌫µ ⌫⌧ 1 A = 0 @ 1 0 0 0 c23 s23 0 s23 c23 1 A 0 @ c12 s12 0 s12 c12 0 0 0 1 1 A 0 @ c13 0 s13e i CP 0 1 0 s13ei CP 0 c13 1 A 0 @ ⌫1 ⌫2 ⌫3 1 A Source:  AAAS cij = cos ✓ij, sij = sin ✓ij Atmospherics  /  Accelerators
  • 5. Present  neutrino  oscillation  landscape 7/14/16 PASCOS  2016,  Quy Nhon,  VN 5 Gonzalez-­‐Garcia et  al.,  arXiv:1512.06856   ⌫e ⌫µ ⌫⌧ Normal  hierarchy Inverted  hierarchy m2 lightest m2 lightest 0 @ ⌫e ⌫µ ⌫⌧ 1 A = 0 @ 1 0 0 0 c23 s23 0 s23 c23 1 A 0 @ c12 s12 0 s12 c12 0 0 0 1 1 A 0 @ c13 0 s13e i CP 0 1 0 s13ei CP 0 c13 1 A 0 @ ⌫1 ⌫2 ⌫3 1 A sign( m2 32) = ? ✓23 is maximal ? CP = ? mlightest = ? m2 32 m2 31 m2 21 m2 21 ⌫1 ⌫2 ⌫3 ⌫1 ⌫2 ⌫3 m2 21 = 7.50+0.19 0.17 ⇥ 10 5 eV2 m2 31 = 2.457+0.047 0.047 ⇥ 10 3 eV2 ✓13 = 8.50+0.20 0.21( ) ✓12 = 33.48+0.78 0.75( ) ✓23 = 42.3+3.0 1.6( ) m2 ij = m2 ⌫i m2 ⌫j Global  fit  – Normal  hierarchy
  • 6. T2K  experiment 7/14/16 6PASCOS  2016,  Quy Nhon,  VN ² Long-­‐baseline  neutrino  experiment,  located  in  Japan ² Large  collaboration:  ~400  physicists  from  61  institutes/  11  nations ² Rich  programs:  standard  neutrino  oscillations  (this  talk),  non-­‐standard   physics  search  (Phillip’s  talk),  neutrino  interactions  (David’s  talk)
  • 7. J-­‐PARC  neutrino  beam  line 7/14/16 ² High  intensity,  almost  pure  muon (anti)  neutrino  beam  from  J-­‐PARC 7PASCOS  2016,  Quy Nhon,  VN ² 30  GeV p  extracted  from  J-­‐PARC  main  ring,  impinge  on  90-­‐cm,                                      graphite  target     ² Induced   𝜋+ (𝜋-­‐)  focused  by  three  horns,  pass  through  a  96-­‐m  decay  pile ² Beam  dump  to  stop  all  particles  except  neutrinos  and  high-­‐energy  muons ² Muon monitor,  downstream  of  beam  dump,  to  monitor  beam  intensity  and  direction  by   measuring  induced  muon profile. 1.9 ⇥ int
  • 8. Beam  power  and  data  accumulation 7/14/16 PASCOS  2016,  Quy  Nhon,  VN 8 !-mode POT: 7.57×1020 (50.14%) !-mode POT: 7.53×1020 (49.86%) 27 May 2016 POT total: 1.510×1021 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 ² Beam  power  steadily  increased  to  420  kW ² 1.5x1021 Protons-­‐on-­‐target  (POT)  accumulated.  Data  sample  for   results  presented  today: ² Neutrino-­‐mode:  6.91x1020 POT ² Antineutrino-­‐mode:   7.53x1020  POT  (approx.  2  x  1st T2K  antineutrino   results)
  • 9. Neutrino  flux  inference 7/14/16 ² High  intensity,  almost  pure  muon (anti)  neutrino  beam  from  J-­‐PARC 9PASCOS  2016,  Quy Nhon,  VN ² To  infer  neutrino  flux,  knowledge   of  hadron  production  at  target   needed ² Constrained  by  external  data  from   NA61/SHINE Flux  uncertainty  ~  10% Neutrino  mode Antineutrino   mode < 1%(⌫e/⌫e) < 1%(⌫e/⌫e) T2K  Far  Detector   T2K  Far  Detector   T2K  Far  Detector   T2K  Far  Detector   (Beam  modes  changed  by  switching  horn  polarity)
  • 10. Near  Detectors 7/14/16 PASCOS  2016,  Quy  Nhon,  VN 10 ² Near  Detector  complex  is  280m  downstream  of  target On-­‐axis  (called  INGRID) Measure  𝜈 beam  intensity  &  profile:   16  scintillator-­‐steel  interleaved   modules  (7.1  tons/each) Off-­‐axis  (called  ND280) Understand  unoscillated 𝜈 beam:   further  constrain  flux  and  cross-­‐ section  parameters  
  • 11. Near  Detectors  measurements 11 Day [events/1e14POT] 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 Event rate Horn250kA Horn205kA Horn-250kA [mrad] 1− 0.5− 0 0.5 Horizontal beam direction INGRID MUMON Day [mrad] 1− 0.5− 0 0.5 1 Vertical beam direction INGRID MUMON T2K Run1 Jan.2010-Jun.2010 T2K Run2 Nov.2010-Mar.2011 T2K Run3 Mar.2012-Jun.2012 T2K Run4 Oct.2012-May.2013 T2K Run5 May.2014 -Jun.2014 T2K Run6 Oct.2014-June.2015 T2K Run7 Feb.2016-May.2016 7/14/16 PASCOS  2016,  Quy Nhon,  VN Operating  stably Beam  intensity/profile Constrain  flux &   𝜈-­‐int.  model Prefit =  No  ND280  data Postfit =  ND280  data  included Cross-­‐section  parameters Off-­‐axis  neutrino   energy  strongly  depend  on  beam direction  (1mrad ~ 2% shift of peak energy) Data  used  as  much  as  possible to  constrain  𝜈-­‐int.  model
  • 12. Far  Detector,  Super-­‐Kamiokande 7/14/16 PASCOS  2016,  Quy  Nhon,  VN 12 (GeV)νE 0 1 2 3 (A.U.)295km µνΦ 0 0.5 1 °OA 0.0 °OA 2.0 °OA 2.5 0 1 2 3 )eν→µνP( 0.05 0.1 = 0CP δNH, = 0CP δIH, /2π=CP δNH, /2π=CP δIH, 0 1 2 3 )µν→µνP( 0.5 1 = 1.023θ22 sin = 0.113θ22 sin 2 eV-3 10×= 2.432 2 m∆ Partice ID parameter -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 Super Kamiokande IV 2166.5 days : Monitoring e-like muon-like Numberofevents ² Muon and  electron  are  well-­‐separated à identify  𝜈 𝜇/𝜈$ with  high  purity ² Super-­‐K  is  2.50 off  the  beam’s  axis  to  achieve  narrow  band  beam  peaked   at  oscillation  maximum  (0.6  GeV) (atmospheric   𝜈 data) Super-­‐Kamiokande (41.4  m  tall  x  39.3m  diameter) 22.5  ktons fiducial volume   1000m  underground ⌫µ + n ! µ + p ⌫e + n ! e + p
  • 13. Oscillation  parameters  extracted  from  T2K  data 7/14/16 PASCOS  2016,  Quy  Nhon,  VN 13 NH:  Normal   𝜈 mass  hierarchy IH:  Inverted   𝜈 mass  hierarchy *Reactor  constraint  used  as  prior  if  is  applied sin2 2✓13 = 0.085 ± 0.005 Disappearance  channel,   sensitive  to  𝜃23 &  ∆ 𝑚() ) Appearance  channel,   sensitive  to  𝜃13 &   𝛿CP ⌫µ candiate ⌫µ candiate ⌫e candiate ⌫e candiate
  • 14. 7/14/16 PASCOS  2016,  Quy  Nhon,  VN 14 *Reactor  constraint  used  as  prior  if  is  applied sin2 2✓13 = 0.085 ± 0.005 Disappearance  channel,   sensitive  to  𝜃23 &  ∆ 𝑚() ) Appearance  channel,   sensitive  to  𝜃13 &   𝛿CP ⌫µ candiate ⌫µ candiate ⌫e candiate ⌫e candiate ² Today  result:  All   𝜈/𝜈̅ samples  are  combined  to   extract  oscillation  parameters.  The   𝜈 and   𝜈̅ are   treated  identically. ² Different  approaches  for  statistical  treatment: o Frequentist and  Bayesian o Fit  on  reconstructed  E 𝜈 or  momentum/angle   of  induced  leptons ² They  agree  with  each  other   Oscillation  parameters  extracted  from  T2K  data
  • 15. Results:   𝜃23 &  ∆ 𝑚() ) 7/14/16 PASCOS  2016,  Quy  Nhon,  VN ² Since  2014,  mainly  taking  data  in   𝜈̅ mode   (run  5-­‐7) ² 𝜈 𝜇 disappearance  behaves  consistently  w/   𝜈, disappearance ² Result  consistent  with  maximal  mixing,  the   world’s  highest  precision   𝜃23  measurement ² Slightly  favor  normal  mass  hierarchy 15 Normal MH (𝛥𝝌2 best-­‐fit=0.0) Inverted MH             (𝛥𝝌2 best-­‐fit=2.66) sin2 𝜃23 0.53245.565 75.588 0.53445.5:; 75.58< ∆𝑚() ) /104( (eV2) 2.54545.5?) 75.5?8 2.51045.5?( 75.5?) 𝜈:  6.91x1020 POT  +   𝜈̅:  7.53x1020  POT T2K  Run1-­‐7b  preliminary     T2K  Run1-­‐7b  preliminary    
  • 16. Results:   𝜃13 &   𝛿CP 7/14/16 PASCOS  2016,  Quy  Nhon,  VN 16 T2K  data  only T2K  data  +  reactor ² Shows  for  two  cases:  (i)  T2K  data  only  &       (ii)  T2K  data  w/  reactor  constraint ² Mass  hierarchy  is  fixed,  either  normal   or  inverted  and  compute  independently ² Measured   𝜃13 w/  T2K  data  only  (top  plot)   agrees  with  reactor  measurement   ² With  reactor  constraint,  data  exclude   positive  value  of   𝛿CP  at  ~90%  C.L.
  • 17. Results:   𝛿CP 7/14/16 PASCOS  2016,  Quy  Nhon,  VN 17 T2K  +  reactorObservation Sensitivity ² Slightly  favor   𝛿CP =  -­‐ 𝜋/2 ² Measured   𝛥 𝝌2   is  marginally  different  than   the  expected  one ² It  is  due  to  difference  btw/  observed  data   and  expectation,  specifically ² 𝜈$ appearance  is  larger  than  expected ² 𝜈$B “appearance”  is  smaller  than  expected
  • 18. Summary 7/14/16 PASCOS  2016,  Quy  Nhon,  VN ² Results  with   𝜈/𝜈̅ combined  data  shown o Consistent  with   𝜃23 maximal  mixing   o Slightly  prefer  normal  mass  hierarchy o Slightly  favor   𝛿CP =  -­‐ 𝜋/2   𝛿CP =  [-­‐3.02,  -­‐0.49]  (NH),  [-­‐1.87,  -­‐0.98]  (IH)  at  90%  C.L. à More  statistics  are  needed   ² J-­‐PARC  beam  power  has  steadily  increased  up  to  420  kW ² Accumulated  exposure  of  1.5x1021  POT  (~20%  of  T2K  total  approved   running) Stay  tuned  for  upcoming  results  from  T2K 18
  • 19. 7/14/16 PASCOS  2016,  Quy  Nhon,  VN 19 Thank  you! (Cảm ơn)
  • 20. T2K  Phase  2  proposal     7/14/16 PASCOS  2016,  Quy  Nhon,  VN ² Approved  T2K  statistics,  7.8  x1021 POT,  can  be  accumulated  by  JFY2020 ² Hyper-­‐K  and  DUNE  are  expected  to   start  around  2026 ² T2K  Phase  2,  if  extended  to  JFY2026,   collects  ~  20x1021 POT ² Neutrino  beamlineupgrade  &   analysis  improvements  (SK  fiducial volume,  add  new  event  sample)                                             à Effectively  add 50%  statistics ² Reduction  of  systematic  uncertainties   to  enhance  CPV  sensitivity 20 Number  of  events  expected  at  T2K  far  detector   with  full  proposed   T2K  Phase  2  exposure J-­‐PARC  Main  Ring  expected  beam  power &  T2K  Phase  2  accumulation  scenario  
  • 21. T2K  Phase  2  sensitivity  to  CPV 7/14/16 PASCOS  2016,  Quy  Nhon,  VN 21 )21 Protons-on-Target (x10 0 5 10 15 20 =0CPδtoexcludesin2 χ∆ 0 5 10 15 =0.4323 θ2 True sin =0.5023 θ2 True sin =0.6023 θ2 True sin 90% C.L. 99% C.L. C.L.σ3 w/ eff. stat. improvements (no sys. errors) w/ eff. stat. & sys. improvements Work in Progress )°(CP δTrue 200− 100− 0 100 200 =0CPδtoexcludesin2 χ∆ 0 5 10 15 20 =0.4323θ2 True sin =0.5023θ2 True sin =0.6023θ2 True sin 90% C.L. 99% C.L. C.L.σ3 POT w/ eff. stat. & sys. improvements21 20x10 POT w/ 2016 sys. errs.21 7.8x10 Work in Progress CP = ⇡ 2 ² >  3 𝜎 significance  sensitivity  to  CP   violation  if   𝛿CP=  -­‐ 𝜋/2 ² 99%  C.L.  significance  for  more  than  45%   of  the  possible  true  values  of   𝛿CP ² 1%  precision  of   𝛥m2 23,  0.5o  -­‐ 1.7o   precision  of   𝜃23  depending  on  its  true   value,  ~3𝜎 significance  for  resolving   𝜃23     octant  if  sin2 𝜃23  >0.6  or  sin2 𝜃23  <0.43 23 θ2 sin 0.4 0.5 0.6 32 2 m∆ 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3 3− 10× Current POT , 90% C.L POT, 90% C.L21 7.8x10 POT w/improvement, 90% C.L21 20x10 Stat. only Systematics Work in Progress True sin2 ✓23 = 0.6
  • 22. Bayesian  posterior  probability 7/14/16 22 NSK/NSK NH IH Sum sin2θ23≤0.5 21.8% 7.2% 29.0% sin2θ23>0.5 53.9% 18.1% 71.0% Sum 74.7% 25.3% 100% Bayesian  w/  MCMC (Erec) (Plep/𝜃lep)   ² Prefer  normal  mass  hierarchy  and  higher   octant Bayesian  w/  likelihood  fit (Erec) PASCOS  2016,  Quy Nhon,  VN Frequentist (Erec for   𝜈 𝜇/𝜈, ) (Erec/ 𝜃lep for   𝜈$ /𝜈$B )
  • 23. Backup:  Data  fit  vs  sensitivity 7/14/16 PASCOS  2016,  Quy  Nhon,  VN 23 10k  toys 10k  toys ² Toy  experiments  at  true  values  of   𝛿CP  &  MH   generated  to    understand  data  fit  outcomes ² Probability  to  exclude   𝛿CP  =  (0,   𝜋)  is  evaluated ² Data  agree  w/   𝛿CP =  -­‐1.76  (~-­‐𝜋/2),  normal  MH   at  2 𝜎 level  and  probability  to  exclude   𝛿CP  =0  is   non-­‐negligible  (>8%) True:   𝛿CP =  -­‐1.76,  normal  MHTrue:   𝛿CP =  0,  normal  MH Prop.  (%) to  exclude   True  para. 𝛿CP =  -­‐1.76,  NH True  para. 𝛿CP =  0,  NH 90%  CL 2𝝈 90%  CL 2𝝈 𝛿CP =0,  NH 18.7 8.9 10.2 4.7 𝛿CP =𝜋,  NH 16.3 6.8 13.4 6.5
  • 24. Systematic  error  table 7/14/16 PASCOS  2016,  Quy  Nhon,  VN 24 𝜈-­‐mode  (%) 𝝂B-­‐mode  (%) 𝜇-­‐like e-­‐like 𝜇-­‐like e-­‐like Flux 3.59 3.67 3.68 3.78 𝜈 int. 4.10 5.20 5.43 3.78 SK  det. 4.15 3.50 3.94 3.97 Osc.  par. 0.03 4.16 0.03 4.00 Pre  fit 11.9 12.6 12.7 14.3 Post  fit 5.13 6.80 5.12 7.41 NSK/NSK
  • 25. 90%  range  of   𝛿CP 7/14/16 PASCOS  2016,  Quy  Nhon,  VN 25 NSK/NSK Fit  with  DataSensitivity
  • 26. Data  fit  vs  sensitivity 7/14/16 PASCOS  2016,  Quy  Nhon,  VN 26
  • 27. Results:   𝜃13 &   𝛿CP 7/14/16 PASCOS  2016,  Quy  Nhon,  VN 27 T2K  +  reactor Sensitivity T2K  data  only Observation ²Agree  w/  reactor ²Marginally  differ   from  expectation   (next  slides) CP = 1.601, sin2 ✓13 = 0.0217, sin2 ✓23 = 0.528, m2 32 = 2.509 ⇥ 10 3 eV 2 /c4 Assume  (PDG  2015):
  • 28. BANFF:  flux  RHC 7/14/16 PASCOS  2016,  Quy  Nhon,  VN ² 15%  increase 28 (GeV)νE -1 10 1 10 FluxParameterValue 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Prior to ND280 Constraint After ND280 Constraint beam modeν,eνND280 (GeV)νE -1 10 1 10 FluxParameterValue 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Prior to ND280 Constraint After ND280 Constraint beam modeν,eνND280 (GeV)νE -1 10 1 10 FluxParameterValue 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Prior to ND280 Constraint After ND280 Constraint beam modeν,µνND280 (GeV)νE -1 10 1 10 FluxParameterValue 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Prior to ND280 Constraint After ND280 Constraint beam modeν,µνND280
  • 29. Neutrino  oscillations ² Now  well-­‐understood  phenomenon ² Quantum  mechanical  mixing  between  mass    and  flavor  eigenstates   |⌫↵(0)i = U↵i|⌫i(0)i ↵ = e, µ, ⌧ i = 1, 2, 3 |⌫ (t)i = U j|⌫j(t)i = e, µ, ⌧ j = 1, 2, 3 |⌫↵(0)i |⌫ (t)i U⇤ ↵i U j e mit Credit  to  Boris  K. 297/14/16 PASCOS  2016,  Quy  Nhon,  VN
  • 30. Neutrino  oscillations Probability  (in  vacuum):   *  Abbreviated  after  Pontecorvo,  Maki,  Nakagawa,  Sakata   UPMNS = 0 @ 1 0 0 0 c23 s23 0 s23 c23 1 A 0 @ c13 0 s13e i CP 0 1 0 s13ei CP 0 c13 1 A 0 @ c12 s12 0 s12 c12 0 0 0 1 1 A Atmospherics  /  Accelerators Reactors  /  accelerator Solar neutrino  /  reactors 307/14/16 PASCOS  2016,  Quy  Nhon,  VN P⌫↵!⌫ (t) =|h⌫ |⌫↵(t)i|2 = ↵ 4 X i>j <(U⇤ ↵iU iU↵jU⇤ j) sin2 ( m2 ijL 4E ) + 2 X i>j =(U⇤ ↵iU iU↵jU⇤ j) sin( m2 ijL 4E ), Non-­‐zero
  • 31. T2K  off-­‐axis  detector:  ND280 7/14/16 PASCOS  2016,  Quy  Nhon,  VN Aim  to  understand  unoscillated 𝜈 beam:  constrains  flux   and  cross-­‐section  parameters   ² Tracker,  composed  of  Fine-­‐Grained  Detector  (FGD)   and  Time  Projection  Chamber  (TPC),  is  central  part o Two  FGDs:    active  target  w/  scintillator  only   (FGD1)  or    scintillator-­‐water  interleaved  (FGD2) o Three  TPCs:  mainly  Argon  (95%)  filled,  for   momentum   measurement  and  particle  ID   ² 𝜋0  detector  (POD)  for  water-­‐scintillator  target  and  𝜋0 tagging   ² Electromagnetic  calorimeters  (ECal)  to  detect  gamma   rays  and  reconstruct  𝜋0 ² Side  muon range  detectors  (SMRD)  to  tag  entering   cosmic  muons or  side-­‐exiting  muons Key  features  for  cross-­‐section:   o Narrow  flux  spectrum  ,  mean  ~  0.85  GeV o Multiple  targets:  scintillator,  water,  argon,  lead o High  final  state  ID  resolution,   charge  separation   31 ~B 0.2  T
  • 32. Pre-­‐fit:  muon momentum 7/14/16 PASCOS  2016,  Quy  Nhon,  VN 32 Muon momentum (MeV/c) 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 Events/(100MeV/c) 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 Data CCQEν CC 2p-2hν πCC Res 1ν πCC Coh 1ν CC Otherν NC modesν modesν FGD1, nu,  CC0pi Muon momentum (MeV/c) 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 Events/(100MeV/c) 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 Data CCQEν CC 2p-2hν πCC Res 1ν πCC Coh 1ν CC Otherν NC modesν modesν FGD1, nu,  CC1pi Muon momentum (MeV/c) 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 Events/(100MeV/c) 0 50 100 150 200 250 Data CCQEν CC 2p-2hν πCC Res 1ν πCC Coh 1ν CC Otherν NC modesν modesν FGD1, nu,  CCres Muon momentum (MeV/c) 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 Events/(100MeV/c) 0 50 100 150 200 250 Data CCQEν non-CCQEν CCQEν non-CCQEν FGD1, Antinu,  CC1trk Muon momentum (MeV/c) 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 Events/(100MeV/c) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Data CCQEν non-CCQEν CCQEν non-CCQEν FGD1, Antinu,  CCNtrk Muon momentum (MeV/c) 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 Events/(100MeV/c) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Data CCQEν non-CCQEν CCQEν non-CCQEν FGD1, nu,  CC1trk Muon momentum (MeV/c) 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 Events/(100MeV/c) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Data CCQEν non-CCQEν CCQEν non-CCQEν FGD1, nu,  CCNtrk
  • 33. Post-­‐fit:  muon momentum 7/14/16 PASCOS  2016,  Quy  Nhon,  VN 33 Muon momentum (MeV/c) 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 Events/(100MeV/c) 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 Data CCQEν CC 2p-2hν πCC Res 1ν πCC Coh 1ν CC Otherν NC modesν modesν FGD1, nu,  CC0pi Muon momentum (MeV/c) 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 Events/(100MeV/c) 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 Data CCQEν CC 2p-2hν πCC Res 1ν πCC Coh 1ν CC Otherν NC modesν modesν FGD1, nu,  CC1pi Muon momentum (MeV/c) 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 Events/(100MeV/c) 0 50 100 150 200 250 Data CCQEν CC 2p-2hν πCC Res 1ν πCC Coh 1ν CC Otherν NC modesν modesν FGD1, nu,  CCres Muon momentum (MeV/c) 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 Events/(100MeV/c) 0 50 100 150 200 250 Data CCQEν non-CCQEν CCQEν non-CCQEν FGD1, Antinu,  CC1trk Muon momentum (MeV/c) 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 Events/(100MeV/c) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Data CCQEν non-CCQEν CCQEν non-CCQEν FGD1, Antinu,  CCNtrk Muon momentum (MeV/c) 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 Events/(100MeV/c) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Data CCQEν non-CCQEν CCQEν non-CCQEν FGD1, nu,  CC1trk Muon momentum (MeV/c) 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 Events/(100MeV/c) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Data CCQEν non-CCQEν CCQEν non-CCQEν FGD1, nu,  CCNtrk
  • 34. Pre-­‐fit:  muon angle 7/14/16 PASCOS  2016,  Quy  Nhon,  VN ² 2x3  sample  for   neutrinos  (FGD1,2) ² 2x4  sample  for  anti-­‐ neutrinos  (FGD1,2) 34 θMuon cos 0.8 0.82 0.84 0.86 0.88 0.9 0.92 0.94 0.96 0.98 1 Events/(0.01) 0 50 100 150 200 250 Data CCQEν non-CCQEν CCQEν non-CCQEν FGD1, Antinu,  CC1trk θMuon cos 0.8 0.82 0.84 0.86 0.88 0.9 0.92 0.94 0.96 0.98 1 Events/(0.01) 0 50 100 150 200 250 Data CCQEν non-CCQEν CCQEν non-CCQEν FGD1, Antinu,  CCNtrk θMuon cos 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85 0.9 0.95 1 Events/(0.01) 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 Data CCQEν CC 2p-2hν πCC Res 1ν πCC Coh 1ν CC Otherν NC modesν modesν FGD1, nu,  CC0pi θMuon cos 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85 0.9 0.95 1 Events/(0.01) 0 100 200 300 400 500 Data CCQEν CC 2p-2hν πCC Res 1ν πCC Coh 1ν CC Otherν NC modesν modesν FGD1, nu,  CC1pi θMuon cos 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85 0.9 0.95 1 Events/(0.01) 0 100 200 300 400 500 Data CCQEν CC 2p-2hν πCC Res 1ν πCC Coh 1ν CC Otherν NC modesν modesν FGD1, nu,  CCres θMuon cos 0.8 0.82 0.84 0.86 0.88 0.9 0.92 0.94 0.96 0.98 1 Events/(0.01) 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 Data CCQEν non-CCQEν CCQEν non-CCQEν θMuon cos 0.8 0.82 0.84 0.86 0.88 0.9 0.92 0.94 0.96 0.98 1 Events/(0.01) 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 Data CCQEν non-CCQEν CCQEν non-CCQEν FGD1, nu,  CC1trk FGD1, nu,  CCNtrk
  • 35. Post-­‐fit:  muon angle 7/14/16 PASCOS  2016,  Quy  Nhon,  VN 35 θMuon cos 0.8 0.82 0.84 0.86 0.88 0.9 0.92 0.94 0.96 0.98 1 Events/(0.01) 0 50 100 150 200 250 Data CCQEν non-CCQEν CCQEν non-CCQEν FGD1, Antinu,  CC1trk θMuon cos 0.8 0.82 0.84 0.86 0.88 0.9 0.92 0.94 0.96 0.98 1 Events/(0.01) 0 50 100 150 200 250 Data CCQEν non-CCQEν CCQEν non-CCQEν FGD1, Antinu,  CCNtrk θMuon cos 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85 0.9 0.95 1 Events/(0.01) 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 Data CCQEν CC 2p-2hν πCC Res 1ν πCC Coh 1ν CC Otherν NC modesν modesν FGD1, nu,  CC0pi θMuon cos 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85 0.9 0.95 1 Events/(0.01) 0 100 200 300 400 500 Data CCQEν CC 2p-2hν πCC Res 1ν πCC Coh 1ν CC Otherν NC modesν modesν FGD1, nu,  CC1pi θMuon cos 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85 0.9 0.95 1 Events/(0.01) 0 100 200 300 400 500 Data CCQEν CC 2p-2hν πCC Res 1ν πCC Coh 1ν CC Otherν NC modesν modesν FGD1, nu,  CCres θMuon cos 0.8 0.82 0.84 0.86 0.88 0.9 0.92 0.94 0.96 0.98 1 Events/(0.01) 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 Data CCQEν non-CCQEν CCQEν non-CCQEν θMuon cos 0.8 0.82 0.84 0.86 0.88 0.9 0.92 0.94 0.96 0.98 1 Events/(0.01) 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 Data CCQEν non-CCQEν CCQEν non-CCQEν FGD1, nu,  CC1trk FGD1, nu,  CCNtrk ² 2x3  sample  for   neutrinos  (FGD1,2) ² 2x4  sample  for  anti-­‐ neutrinos  (FGD1,2)