The document provides an overview of Indian ethos and values as they relate to management principles. It discusses the Indian social environment, including concepts of the ideal family, duties of family members, and types of marriages. It also covers the Indian political environment, outlining qualities of an ideal king or leader, including qualities like forgiveness, knowledge, and vigilance. The document links these concepts to Indian management models. It notes that the family can be seen as an organization, with the head of the family like a CEO. It also discusses leadership styles that can be paternal and task-oriented or maternal and caring. Overall, the document outlines Indian cultural foundations for concepts like duty, work ethic, and leadership that continue

1. Module :1
Part -1
INDIAN ETHOS AND VALUES

2. Model of management in Indian
Socio-Political Environment
 Indian Social Environment
 Indian Political Environment

3. Indian Social Environment
To understand Indian Social Environment as stated
in Mahabharatha epic related to:
 Concept of a good or Ideal family.
 Duties of various members of the family.
 More about husband-wife relationship.
 Various roles of members of a family.
 Importance of house holder (grihastha) life.
 Dealing with extended family-kith & kin, caste
fellows.
 Institution of marriage- various types of
marriages.
 Socially disadvantaged group
 Broken household items.

4. Concept of a good or Ideal family.
An ideal family is one tapa, self-control, vedic study,
yagna,pure marriages, donation of food grains
and good conduct exists. Good conduct is the
basic quality of a good family.(23-24,vidur neethi)
 Hospitality
 Respect for women
 Respect for the elders
 Ethics for families
 Ladies

5. Duties of various members of the
family.
 Wife
 Son
 Brothers
 Duty of father to son
 Married daughter

6. More about husband-wife
relationship.
Home is a good wife, not just a house(of bricks and
mortar).
 Ideal wife.
 Ethical conduct of a wife.

7. Various roles of members of a family.
The father give three blessings at the time of JAT
KARMA ceremony:
 Be strong like a stone (Ashma Bhava).
 Be killer of enemies like an ann(parashur Bhava).
 Be my soul(Atma Ve putranamsi)

8. Importance of house holder
(grihastha) life.
The best is family life because all the three objects
of life – Dharma, Artha and Kama can be attained
by a person living in a family.
 Lead family as per scriptures and attain „Moksha‟
 It is the support base of all three ashrams- the
celibate, forester and solitude
 It provides oppurtunity to repay 4 debts- pitra
debts,rishi debt,divine debt, and human debt.
 One can be saint even in family life. Thus self-
realisation and emanicipation can attained with
leading ethical family life.

9. Dealing with extended family-kith &
kin, caste fellows.
 Be afraid of your kith and kin like death,they can‟t
tolerate your growth.
 But don‟t ignore them too because nobody will be
happy without them.
 They will save you against attack by third parties.
Nobody tolerates dishonour of ones own relatives
at the hand of others. Therefore it is a mixed
blessing to have kith and kin.
 You should keep them happy by talk and action.
 Earn long term name and fame by dealing with
kith and kin, relatives, friends, foes and neutrals
as per the policy.

10. Institution of marriage- various types
of marriages.
 Brahm marriage- select a groom- unmarried daughter
be given to him. Or marring a bachelor girl with
suitable groom(A class)
 Kshatra marriage-Making groom favourable by
offering dowry and then donating a bachelor girl.(B-
class)
 Gandharva marriage- mutual consent of bride and
groom(C)
 Demonic marriage- Girl is bought by offering wealth to
greedy/relatives of a girl(D)
 Devilish marriage- girl is forcibly kidnapped by killing
the parents/guardian (E)
A,B and C are ethical D& E are Sinful

11. Socially disadvantaged group
 They should be helped to develop and reformed.
 Nature and conduct of the category of a person.
 A high caste person should not be respected if his
nature and conduct are not good.
 Contrarily, a person of the low caste should be
specially respected if his nature and conduct are
good.

12. Broken household items.
 Broken utensils,torn seats ,scattered articles ,
violence towards women show that household is
affected by sins
 Broken utensils cause quarrels and broken bed
causes loss of wealth.
 Avoid dog and hen inside house
 A large tree should not be inside the house

13. Linkage with Indian models of
Management
 Family as organisation.-CEO as karta
 Family managed business and succession to top
positions from family, family disputes etc.
 Paternal leadership style.-task
oriented,discipline,control
 Maternal leadership style.- sharing &
caring,compassion ,pardon-based

14. Indian Political Environment
(1) QUALITIES, STATUS, FUNCTIONS AND ROLES
OF A KING:
 Qualities of a leader- king/ CEO:
 He should know well when to be angry and when to be kind-
he must show his angry posture while punishing the criminals;
but when dealing with poor and good people he should show
his kind.
 Just as a peacock observes silence during winter season, a
chief must also observe silence regarding confidential matters.
 He must carefully commence and complete a task and have a
satisfied mind, know the affairs of the nation /organisation
through spies.
 He should not draw funds from the public exchequer for his
own maintenance.
 Memory, cleverness, self-control,intellect, good physique,
patience, bravery and careful analysis of environment are eight

15. Leadership qualities, status and role.
Without a leader no divine can perform duties in the
world. He has to protect and facilitate them.Lord
Krishna is a role model for such a leader. Essential
qualities and role of leader, as stated by Bhishma in
Vishnu Sahasranamam as follows:
• Provider of Yoga-Kshema of all stake holders
• Leads to the realisation of goal/mission.
• Chief of all; Provider of justice;Employer of
thousands,
• At the top of Orgnl Hierarchy; full of power,courage,
knowledge, logic, wealth etc.;Prompt distributor of
fruits of action to claimants;Enforcer of rules
;supervisor of all
• Destroyer of unethical
persons;Autonomous,industrious, chief of powerful

16. stability
 A king/CEO can‟t be stable in his rule unless he
knows the position, gains, losses, funds, place
and quantum of punishment
 One who knows their norms reasonably well and
devotes his attention to the knowledge of ethics
and economics, he gains kingdom.
 One should not misbehave on the basis of power

17. leader
 People don‟t want a person to be their leader
whose pleasure is fruitless and anger is void.( no
lady wants an impotent man as husband)
 King – who has a soft eye and maintains silence
 --appear as a fully grown flowery tree but
not liberal in giving (as unreach) , present as
mature ,remain protected.
 --unjust king will spoil the ancestral kingdom
 --attain kingdom through dharms, protect it
by ethics

18. Leadership qualities
 Forgiveness,titikhsa (Forbearance, mercy),
dama(moderate)
 Simplicity , truthfullness, knowledge of the
scriptures
 apramada,(vigilance),jeevadaya
 Capacity to preach ethics

19. Leader should be a time
manager
 He should not be negligent towards enemies –
small/big.
 Apply intellect in all decisions and win over rivals
 Never keep greedy in your orgn.
 Desire, adamancy(unyieldingness) and injustice
are enemies of wellbeing of a king/CEO

20. (2) concept of rajdharma
 Main dharma of Kshatriya – maintenance of the
subjects.
 Administration by consultation-
elder,sage,intelligent & expert people.
 Limits of public ethics are observed only when
king applies kindness and punishment
appropriately
 A king should always find out his ambassadors
the position, increase /decrease in any strength of
friends & foes.
 4 options
Sam(equality) ,Dam(Positive) ,Dand (punish)

21. (3)Leadership through conduct
 Duty must be performed not only by employees but also by
officers, executives, leaders and owners.
 Conduct of superiors is followed by other people
 If superior fails in duty – subordinates as work-shirkers, and
hold society to ransom.
 Never preach in action
 Management mantra of success
 Secret of success – is happy combination of wisdom,
leadership and devoted performer. If this happens, then
prosperity, victory and glory are certain to follow. (sloka-78,
ch:18 ,Geeta)

22. (4) Successful king
 A king who follows the path of good people, who
donates, whose secret thoughts are never revealed to
enemies and who is never identified by spies, he is
considered fit/successful to run administration.
 No other duty is as eternal and important for a king as
is protection of his subjects.
 As a broken boat is abandoned for sea voyage, every
person should leave the following 6 persons
 An Acharya who does not preach.
 A priest who doesnot chant vedic mantras.
 A king who doesnot protect.
 A wife who is harsh worded.
 A cowherd who desires to live in a village.
 A barber who desires to live in a forest.

23. Qualities of a pragmatic king.

24. Public Administration Audit
/Review
Sage Narada puts the following questions to king Yudhishtira in
DivyaSabha consisting of eminent maharishis:
 Whether your wealth is properly used?
 Do you take adequate interest in dharma?
 Are you happy ?
 Are you free from bad thoughts?
 Do you rely on the same liberal policy consistent with dharma
and artha which was pursued by your forefathers?
 Whether your love for wealth interferes with Dharma?
 Do you know secret of time?
 Have you fixed time for enjoying Dharma, Artha and Kama?
 Do you have the six qualities of aking?
 Do you protect your agriculture,trade ,fort, bridge, elephants,
Mineral deposits of gold and diamonds,tax recovery,habitation of
people etc.?

25. Indian work Ethos
 Action /Karma
 Cosmic system is also based on tapa
 Doing duty as per without ego of „I‟
 Action- non action theory
 Knowledge Vs money –karma yoga gyana yoga
 Karma sanyasa
 Types of karmas
 Five factor theory of action

26. Action - Inaction
 Knowledge without action is of no use. Action without
knowledge is also dangerous.
 Man can‟t attain inaction without commencing action.
Man can‟t achieve success by giving up action in any
form ,nobody can remain without action.
 Natural qualities compel every body to perform some
act. He is making a false show who tries to control
sensory organs under pressure and continue to think
of desires. Best is the one who controls sensory
organs mentally and becomes detached and practices
karma yoga through all the 5 sensory organs.
 Doing duty is better than not doing it. Your body can‟t
be maintained without performing duty.
 Problem will be faced when you involve yourself in
actions unrelated to the task or mission.

27. Cosmic system is also based on tapa
or doing duty
 All human beings take birth through food. Food
grows through rains and rains come through yagna
(task of Tapa performed by sun)
 Yagna (task /mission) is accomplished through
designated duty. Duty is mandated by the
scriptures/code of conduct/knowledge. Knowledge
come from the god. Omnipresent god is reputed in
yagna.
 Life is futile for those who don‟t discharge their duty.
Do your duty without attachment properly and enjoy
eternal bliss.
 King Janaka was a rajayogi ;the best example of
ultimate accomplishment through performing the duty
without attachment.

28. Doing Duty as per natural attributes
without ego of “ I”
 Although all duties are done through natural
qualities/ attributes, yet the ignorant person
develops an ego and says „ I am the doer/ I do it/I
have done it.
 Don‟t develop attachment in any qualities /
attributes.
 Knowledgeable persons should not destabilise
less knowledgeable or ignorant people. Do you
duty and surrender it to the god. Be free from
expectations, attachment and stress.
 Don‟t think or follow the duty of others. Mind your
own duty, even if it is devoid of merit. Aping or
coping other‟s duty is dangerous

29. Action-Non action
 Action-Karma ,Non-action-Akarma ,Avoidable
action -Vikarma
 Intelligent is the one who sees the non-action in
action and action in non-action. He is a yogi doing
all action.
 Wise is –who performs action mandated by
scriptures without desire and with resolve and
whose all actions are burnt in the fire of
knowledge.
 He is ever sacrificed in self. He does action well
but still he does nothing(because he is free from
bondage of attachment in actions and their fruits).
He is free from expectations.
 The yogi will realise self (god) who consumes

30. Knowledge Vs Money
 Knowledge is more important than money in
performing a task/ mission. All actions are merged in
knowledge. Approach an expert respectfully for
gaining knowledge through dialogue.
 First you will view the whole universe in yourself and
then you will view the whole universe in God. You will
cross all sins through this knowledge. Fire of
knowledge will burn all your actions and purify you.
Only a self-controlled, resourceful and faithful person
gains this knowledge. Then he enjoys eternal
bliss/peace.
 Doubtful persons don‟t deserve this world as well as
the other world. They don‟t deserve happiness.
 Pierce all your doubts arising out from lack of
knowledge by sword of rationality and knowledge and
then rise to perform your duty.

31. Karma Sanyasa
 A person who is acting without any jealousy or
envy towards others and who has no expectation
is a Sanyasi. He is free from all duals like
affection and envy. He will be happily free from all
worldly bondage.
 The ultimate outcome of karma yoga and karma
sanyasa is the same. The knowledge (Gyana
yoga) and Action(karma yoga); the result is the
same- freedom from bondage of action.
 One who renounces action in form is not a yogi.
A real yogi is one who acts without attachment to
the act and its fruits. Renouncement of
attachment to act and its fruits are real
renouncement( sanyas). This sanyasa is Yoga.

32. cont….Karma Sanyasa
 All actions of Sanyasis are fit for renouncement
 Lord Krishna – task/mission, Daan & Penance
must be performed because these will purify your
inner-self. But it must be performed in a Satvik
way
 Tamsik Tyag – duty is given up due to affection
/illusion
 Rajasik Tyag - duty is given up because it is
difficult, painful to the body.
 Satvik Tyag – is related to renouncement of
attachments to duty and its fruits
Nobody in the world can given up actions
completely. A pure Satvik person will be one who
is free from doubt, wise and real renouncer. He
renounces the fruit of action.

33. Types of task /missions/actions
 Satvik task/Mission - is performed by a person
without desire for fruits. It gives peace. An action
mandated by scriptures.
 Rajasik Karma/Mission – is done for the ego,
fame, some fruit. It leads to conflict, competition,
stress and strain, pleasure or pain.
 Tamasik Karma/Mission –is not systematically or
in a haphazard manner. It leads to punishment. It
is done without considering the consequences.
 Types of performer:
-Satvik performer
-Rajsik performer
-Tamasik performer

34. Five factor theory of Action
There are five causes/Drivers off all actions:
 Organising accomplishment of action:
Organisation,planning ,control ,motivation
 Actor/ doer of action: Operation –
Manpower
 Equipments or tools of action: Physical
resources, technology ,finance .etc
 Various type of efforts: Start , progress,
review, adjustment, compliance.
 Destiny/Luck: success/failure as destined.
Final outcome may be affected by
unexplained factors.

35. LINKAGE
Management model is based on
inspiration which comes from the soul.
Detachment gives pure concentration
on performance with excellence.
Duty as Dharma or service to God
gives freedom from the „I‟ ego and duals
of success-failure, gain-losses, fears,
anxiety, stress, strain, desires, lust,
greed, anger, envy, revenge etc.