Presentation on Embedded System by ceg for GEC ajmer--Vinod Kr. Yadav

1. 1
PRESENTED TO: PRESENTED BY:
NEERAJ KUMAR CHASTA VINOD KUMAR YADAV
(12EC094)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
Badlya Chuoraha, N.H. 8, By-Pass, Ajmer-305002
Website: www.ecajmer.ac.in,Ph no. 0145-2717736, 776,800,801

2. 2
CONTENTS
1. ABOUT THE COMPANY
2. ABOUT EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
 Examples In Your Daily Life
 Design Challenges
 Architecture of embedded system
 Major Application areas of Embedded System
 Advantage
3. MICROCONTROLLER
 8051 Microcontroller
 Pin Description Of The 8051
 Applications
 Salient Features Of 8051 Microcontroller

3. 3
4.C PROGRAMMING TECHNIQUES FOR 8051
 Key Features Of Embedded C-
 Header File For 8051 Microcontroller
 Supports Following Data Types
5.INTERFACING
 Need Of Interfacing
 Interfacing -Basics
 Interfacing With Led
 Seven Segment Leds
 Keypad Interfacing

4. 4
It is an autonomous body of the Government of Rajasthan under the Department of
Technical Education.
Foundation stone of CEG was laid down on 8th December 2006 at Jaipur.
Rajasthan is the second state that is running this program after the highly acclaimed and
successful program "Jawahar Knowledge Centre" in Andhra Pradesh.
Provides a conducive environment for creating industry employable IT professionals by
the way of arranging seminars lecturers, vocational trainings and industry relevant
software trainings.
Provides training in embedded system, C++ , java ,CCNA networking, CCNP, VLSI
Technology, WAB Development etc.
1. ABOUT THE COMPANY

5. 5
2. ABOUT EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
Embedded Systems- Definition
 “An embedded system is a system that has software embedded into computer-
hardware, which makes a system dedicated for an application(s) or specific part of
an application or product or part of a larger system.”
 It is any device that includes a programmable computer but is not itself intended to
be a general purpose computer.”
HARDWARE

6. 6
 Combination of both hardware and software
 Designed to perform specific function
 A system that has embedded software and hardware, that makes it a dedicated
system for a specific application or a part of application or product is called
Embedded System.

7. Examples In Your Daily Life
 Wake up…
 have breakfast …
 set home safety system …
 get into your car …
 on your way to your office…
7

8. 8
Examples In Your Daily Life
(cont.)
 in Your office…

9. 9
Examples In Your Daily Life
(cont.)
 Back Home …

10. 10
Application Software
Operating System
Hardware
Architecture of embedded system
 Layered Architecture of an Embedded System

11. 11
 Hardware architecture

12. 12
Major Application areas of Embedded
System
 Consumer electronics: Camcorders, Cameras, etc.
 Household appliances: TV, DVD players, washing machine, refrigerator, oven, etc.
 Home automation & Security system: Air conditioners, sprinklers, intruder
detection alarms, fire alarms, etc.
 Automotive industry: Anti-lock breaking system (ABS), engine control, ignition
systems, automatic navigation system, etc.
 Telecom: Cellular telephones, handset, etc.
 Computer peripherals: printers, scanners, fax, machines, etc.
 Healthcare: scanners, EEG, ECG, etc.
 Measurement & Instrumentation: Digital multi meters, digital CRO’s, etc.
 Banking& Retail: Automatic Teller Machine (ATM), currency counter, etc.
 Card Readers: barcode, smart card readers, handheld devices, etc.

13. 13
Advantage
 They are designed to do a specific task and have real time performance constraints
which must be met.
 They allow the system hardware to be simplified so costs are reduced.
 They are usually in the form of small computerized parts in larger devices which
serve a general purpose.
 The program instructions for embedded systems run with limited computer
hardware resources, little memory and small or even non-existent keyboard or
screen.

14. 14

15. 15
3.MICROCONTROLLER
 A microcontroller is a functional computer system-on-a-chip. It contains a
processor, memory, and programmable input/output peripherals.
 Microcontrollers include an integrated CPU, memory (a small amount of RAM,
program memory, or both) and peripherals capable of input and output.

16. 16
 Example: Motorola’s 6811, Intel’s 8051, Zilog’s Z8 and PIC
16X

17. 17
8051 Microcontroller
 Single Chip Microcontroller (µc)
 Developed By Intel In 1980 For Use In Embedded Systems
 First Microcontroller Of The Mcs-51family
 It Is A Low-power, High-performance CMOS 8-bit Microcontroller With 4K Bytes Of
In-system Programmable Flash Memory, 128 Bytes Of RAM, 32 I/O Lines, Watchdog
Timer, Two Data Pointers, Two 16-bit Timer/Counters, A Five-vector Two-level
Interrupt Architecture, A Full Duplex Serial Port, On-chip Oscillator, And Clock
Circuitry.
 A Microcontroller Is An Economical Computer-on-a-chip For Doing With Specific
Tasks, Such As Displaying Or Receiving Information Through LED Or Remote
Controlled Devices.

18. 18
Pin Description Of The 8051
 The 8051 microcontroller is available as a 40 pin DIP chip.
 Works at +5 volts DC
 Among the 40 pins , a total of 32 pins are allotted for the four parallel ports
P0,P1,P2 and P3 i.e. each port occupies 8-pins.
 The remaining pins are VCC, GND, XTAL1, XTAL2, RST, EA ,PSEN,ALE.

19. 19

20. 20
Salient Features Of 8051 Microcontroller:
 8-bit CPU (CPU can work on only 8 bits of data at a time)
 Two 16 bit timers/counters
 128 bytes of RAM
 4K bytes of on-chip ROM
 One serial port
 8-bit data bus
 16-bit address bus
 One 16-bit program counter and One 16-bit DPTR ( data pointer)
 One 8-bit stack pointer
 32 general purpose registers each of 8 bits
 Four I/O ports, each 8 bits wide
 On-chip clock oscillator
 Control registers: TCON, TMOD, SCON, PCON, IP and IE.

21. 21
 Household appliances:
Microwave ovens, Television, DVD
Players & Recorders
Audio players
 Integrated systems in aircrafts and
 missiles
 Cellular telephones
 Electric and Electronic Motor
controllers
 Engine controllers in automobiles
 Calculators
Medical equipments etc...
APPLICATIONS

22. 22
Key Features Of Embedded C-
4.C PROGRAMMING TECHNIQUES FOR 8051
 It is easy and less time consuming to write in C than Assembly.
 C is easier to modify and update.
 You can use code available in function libraries.
 C code is portable to other microcontroller with little of no modification.
 A good understanding of C data types for 8051 can help programmers to
create smaller hex files

23. 23
Header File For 8051 Microcontroller
#include<reg51.h>
#define variable
Void main()
{
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
}
Supports following data types-
 Unsigned char
 Signed char
 Unsigned int
 Signed int

24. 24
 Sbit (single bit)
 Bit
 Note:-C compilers use the signed char as the default if we do not put the keyword
Unsigned.
 sbit Type
The PIC compiler has sbit data type, which provides access to bit addressable
internal registers (SFRs). You can access bits of internal registers, as in the following
examples:
sbit LED= P1^0; //LED is assigned to bit 0 of PORT 1
 Data types Size Range
 bit 1-bit RAM bit-addressable only
 sbit 1-bit SFR bit-addressable only
 (signed) int 16-bit -32768 to +32767
 unsigned int 16-bit 0 to 65535
 (signed) char 8-bit -128 to +127
 unsigned char 8-bit 0 to 255
//SFR= specific function register.

25. 25
5.INTERFACING
 Transfer of data between microcontrollers and peripherals (memory, I/O devices
etc.) implemented using buses called interfacing.
 Connecting the computation capabilities of a microcontroller to external signals or
to external world.
 Creating man-machine interaction.

26. 26
NEED OF INTERFACING
 The basic need is to have some input/output peripherals and man-machine interface.
 Interactions with a computer or TV are possible using the mouse /keyboard/display
screen.
 The no. of real world devices and systems like mobile phone and washing m/c need
the keypad and display to enable human-computer interactions.

27. 27
INTERFACING -BASICS

28. 28
INTERFACING WITH LED
 The Anode is connected through a resistor to GND & the Cathode is connected to the
Microcontroller pin. So when the Port Pin is HIGH the LED is OFF & when the Port Pin
is LOW the LED is turned ON.

29. 29
 Two Approaches 1.column scanning
2.row scanning
 We are using column scanning.
 Making each row 1 and others 0 and then
scan the each column
 If any switch pressed corresponding
column's sense value is 0
 The pressed switch make the corresponding
column and row shorted.
 Tow scanning is just the opposite of the
column scanning technique.
KEYPAD INTERFACING

30. 30
SEVEN SEGMENT LEDS

31. 31

32. 32