Computer Software Computer Care and Safety

1. Information and CommunicationInformation and Communication
TechnologyTechnology
Chapter 5- Computer Software
Chapter 6- Computer Care and Safety
9/12/2015
Dr. J. VijiPriya, Assistant Professor,
Hawassa University, Ethiopia 1

2. Information and CommunicationInformation and Communication
TechnologyTechnology
Chapter 5- Computer Software
9/12/2015
Dr. J. VijiPriya, Assistant Professor,
Hawassa University, Ethiopia 2

3. Introduction to ComputerIntroduction to Computer
SoftwareSoftware
 Computer
◦ can not think or perform on its own,
◦ But it performs various operations only in accordance with the
user instructions.
 Instructions
◦ written in a language ( called program) , understood by a
computer
◦ controls the sequence of operations
 Program
◦ Set of instructions, controls the processing activity of
computers
 Software
◦ Set of programs, procedures and associated documents
Set of Instructions->Programs-> Computer Software
9/12/2015
Dr. J. VijiPriya, Assistant Professor,
Hawassa University, Ethiopia 3

4. Relationship between SoftwareRelationship between Software
and Hardwareand Hardware
 Hardware (visible devices) assembled together to build a computer
system
 Software loaded (set of programs) into a computer system
 Both software and hardware gives life to a computer system
 Both are complementary to each other
9/12/2015
Dr. J. VijiPriya, Assistant Professor,
Hawassa University, Ethiopia 4

5. Software CategoriesSoftware Categories
9/12/2015
Dr. J. VijiPriya, Assistant Professor,
Hawassa University, Ethiopia 5
Computer software
System
software
Application Software
System
management
System
development
High level
programming
language
Utilities
Device
driver
Low level
programming
language
Operating
system

6. Software Categories Con…Software Categories Con…
 Two major categories
1. Application software.
2. System software
Types
I. System Management
 Operating System
 Device Driver
 Utilities
I. System development
 Assembly Language
 High Level Language
 Low Level Language
9/12/2015
Dr. J. VijiPriya, Assistant Professor,
Hawassa University, Ethiopia 6

7. System SoftwareSystem Software
◦ essential for computer to function.
◦ helps the computer manage its own tasks and devices.
◦ designed to control the operations and processing capabilities of a
computer system
◦ provides user interface
◦ monitors the effective use of various hardware resources such as CPU,
memory, peripherals etc.
◦ support the development and execution of other application software
◦ permits the user to use the system more conveniently.
◦ Example :
i. Operating System
ii. Device Driver
iii. Utilities
iv. System development programs
9/12/2015
Dr. J. VijiPriya, Assistant Professor,
Hawassa University, Ethiopia 7

8. Operating SystemOperating System
Operating System (OS)
◦ set of programs control the resources of a computer system
◦ provides its users with an interface
◦ basic functions of OS
i. Process Management
ii. Memory Management
iii. File Management
iv. Device Management
v. Security Management
vi. User Interface
9/12/2015
Dr. J. VijiPriya, Assistant Professor,
Hawassa University, Ethiopia 8

9. Operating System Con…Operating System Con…
Basic functions of OS
 Process Management:
handles the creation, deletion, suspension, resumption, scheduling and
synchronization of processes.
 Memory Management:
handles allocation and de-allocation of memory space as required by various
programs.
 File Management:
responsible for creation and deletion of files and directories. organizes, stores,
retrieves, names and protects all the files.
 Device Management:
manages all the devices of the computer system such as monitor, printer,
disk etc.
 Security Management:
protects system resources and information against destruction and
unauthorized use
 User Interface:
provides the interface between the user and the hardware.
9/12/2015
Dr. J. VijiPriya, Assistant Professor,
Hawassa University, Ethiopia 9

10. Device DriversDevice Drivers
 New device driver must be installed before the device can be used in the computer
 Most hardware drivers such as keyboard driver, comes with the operating system in
the modern computer
 For other devices like printer, a user must load the device driver of that particular
device
9/12/2015
Dr. J. VijiPriya, Assistant Professor,
Hawassa University, Ethiopia 10

11. System UtilitiesSystem Utilities
 Set of programs that help users in system maintenance tasks and
in performing tasks of routine nature.
 Example
◦ Formatting hard disks or floppy disks.
◦ Reorganizing files on hard disk to conserve
storage space.
◦ Taking back up of files stored on hard disk
◦ Checking the amount of available memory
and storage space on hard disk.
◦ Scanning the system for computer viruses.
9/12/2015
Dr. J. VijiPriya, Assistant Professor,
Hawassa University, Ethiopia 11

12. System Development ProgramsSystem Development Programs
 allow programmers to write and construct programs that the operating system can
execute
 Examples
◦ Computer programming languages
◦ Language translators
◦ Linkers
◦ Loaders
Computer Programming language
 series of commands /instructions are used in development of software
 divided into three categories namely,
i. Machine language
ii. Assembly language
iii. High level language
9/12/2015
Dr. J. VijiPriya, Assistant Professor,
Hawassa University, Ethiopia 12

13. System Development ProgramsSystem Development Programs
Con…Con…
Language Translator
 Machine Language
◦ Computers only understand this language consisting of only 0s and 1s
 High level programming languages
◦ natural languages like English
 Language translator
◦ converting programming language to machine language.
◦ three types of Language translator
i. Assembler
ii. Compiler
iii. Interpreter
9/12/2015
Dr. J. VijiPriya, Assistant Professor,
Hawassa University, Ethiopia 13

14. System Development ProgramsSystem Development Programs
con…con…
Three types of Language translator
i. Assemblers
◦ translate assembly language programs into machine code executed on the target
computer.
i. Compilers
◦ reads the source program (high level language programs) statement by
statement, translates it into an equivalent machine code
◦ produces the object program file, then executed without the presence of the
compiler
i. Interpreters
◦ reads one statement of the source program, translates it and executes it
immediately. then goes to the next statement
◦ doesn’t produce an executable object program file.
9/12/2015
Dr. J. VijiPriya, Assistant Professor,
Hawassa University, Ethiopia 14

15. System Development Programs con…System Development Programs con…
Linker
 links several object modules and libraries to form a single, coherent program
(executable)
Loader
 loading and relocation of the executable program in the main memory
 assigning storage allocation, assist a program, and execute it properly
9/12/2015
Dr. J. VijiPriya, Assistant Professor,
Hawassa University, Ethiopia 15

16. Application SoftwareApplication Software
 accomplish specific tasks rather than managing a computer system
 a single program
Eg:- Microsoft’s Notepad
 a collection of programs called a software package,
Eg:- Spreadsheet package.
 a larger collection of programs ( a software suite), related but independent
programs, which have a common user interface
Eg:-Microsoft Office Suite.
 are controlled by system software
 application layer executes on the system software layer, which lies on the
hardware layer.
9/12/2015
Dr. J. VijiPriya, Assistant Professor,
Hawassa University, Ethiopia 16

17. Application Software Con…Application Software Con…
9/12/2015
Dr. J. VijiPriya, Assistant Professor,
Hawassa University, Ethiopia 17

18. Application Software Con…Application Software Con…
Word Processor
 computerized typewriter, permits the electronic creation, editing formatting, filing
and printing of text, then correct them
 a common application of microcomputers
 draft and revise memos, letters, reports, and other documents with a word
processing program more frequently
 increases both the speed and quality of writing
 express ideas more clearly
Eg:- MS Word, WordPerfect etc.
9/12/2015
Dr. J. VijiPriya, Assistant Professor,
Hawassa University, Ethiopia 18

19. Application Software Con…Application Software Con…
Spreadsheet
 electronic worksheet displayed on the VDU.
 Used for accounting, financial analysis, and other mathematical calculations
 quickly create a model of a situation byy entering labels, numbers, and formulas
 Details are entered into the computer and recorded in predesigned rows and
columns to form a grid of cells for performing specific computations
such as net present value, internal rates of return, and monthly payments on a loan
 save a spreadsheet model and use it again whenever you need it
 Eg:- Microsoft Excel, Lotus 1-2-3 etc.
9/12/2015
Dr. J. VijiPriya, Assistant Professor,
Hawassa University, Ethiopia 19

20. Application Software Con…Application Software Con…
 Database Management System
◦ Used to create a database, maintain it( add, delete and update its records),
◦ organize its data in desired fashion and to selectively retrieve useful information
from it.
◦ Used for both large and small organizations to maintain employee data,
customer data, asset data, accounting data etc.
◦ Eg:- dBase III Plus, FoxPro, MS Access, Oracle etc.
9/12/2015
Dr. J. VijiPriya, Assistant Professor,
Hawassa University, Ethiopia 20

21. Application Software Con…Application Software Con…
 Computer Graphic Software
◦ technique of creating, editing, displaying, and printing graphs, diagrams, charts,
and images in the computer
◦ a picture is worth a thousand words applies to computer graphics
◦ convey information that could be difficult or even impossible to put into words.
9/12/2015
Dr. J. VijiPriya, Assistant Professor,
Hawassa University, Ethiopia 21

22. Information and CommunicationInformation and Communication
TechnologyTechnology
Chapter 6- Computer Care and Safety
9/12/2015
Dr. J. VijiPriya, Assistant Professor,
Hawassa University, Ethiopia 22

23. Computer Care and SafetyComputer Care and Safety
1. Keeping your system free of dust, dirt and liquids
2. use system's user guide to find information on how to clean
your outer components
◦ Never spray your monitor screen (or any other computer component) with
glass cleaner
◦ Computer components should be kept as dust-free as possible.
◦ Use Canned air or small computer-specific vacuum cleaners
◦ The mouse does not perform correctly, check your user guide for cleaning
directions.
◦ Never try to remove the cover on your computer to clean inside. Instead,
take it to a technician
◦ Keep all liquids and food items away from your computer, because cause
damage delicate electronic circuits and serious electrical shock!
◦ Wash your hands before using the computer to avoid "sticky keys."
◦ When in doubt about how to clean your computer system, consult your user
manual or technical support
9/12/2015
Dr. J. VijiPriya, Assistant Professor,
Hawassa University, Ethiopia 23

24. Computer Care and SafetyComputer Care and Safety
3. Never use your computer during a storm.
4. Protect your computer from viruses and worms.
◦ Install, use and regularly update virus software
◦ Never open an email attachment unless you know and trust the person who
sent it.
◦ Do not accept downloads from Internet sites that you don't know and trust.
3. Avoid installing several programs one right after the other; try
installing one program, see how your system responds to the
installation before loading the next program
4. Keep CDs away from dust, liquids, or other damaging or
corrosive substances.
◦ If problems with CDs, buy a CD cleaner and read the instructions carefully
9/12/2015
Dr. J. VijiPriya, Assistant Professor,
Hawassa University, Ethiopia 24