Animal testing is commonly used for safety testing but causes harm to animals. Non-animal testing methods provide alternatives like using synthetic membranes and human cell cultures to assess skin corrosion and absorption without harming animals. These alternative methods are becoming more widely used and accepted in the cosmetics industry for tests like skin irritation and phototoxicity testing.

1. BY- VIDHI GUPTA

5. The term "alternative" is used to describe any change in context of animal testing . Russell and Burch gave the 3 R’s :- 3 R’s

8. ANIMAL TESTING FOR SKIN CORROSION NON-ANIMAL TESTING FOR SKIN CORROSION Rabbits are locked into full-body restraints A test chemical is applied to the shaved back The wound site is then covered for 4 hrs The patch is removed The degree of skin damage is read and scored 1 Corrositex uses a synthetic membrane A glass vial with chemical detection fluid is capped by a bio-barrier membrane Time required is recorded . It is compared to classification chart to determine corrosivity / noncorrosivity 2 EpiDerm and EpiSkin

10. ANIMAL TESTING FOR CORROSION NON-ANIMAL TESTING FOR CORROSION BLOODY SCABS,DISCOLORATION AFTER ANIMAL TESTING SYNTHETIC SKIN FOR NON- ANIMALIC TESTING

12. ANIMAL TESTING DONE FOR SKIN ABSORPTION NON-ANIMAL TESTING DONE FOR SKIN ABSORPTION Rats’ backs are shaved A chemical is smeared for 24 hours The rats’ skin is washed The animals are housed individually in “metabolism cages” Animals are killed and their skin, blood, and excrement are analyzed The rate of skin absorption is calculated. Tissue culture methods use skin Measures a test chemical which passes across skin to a fluid reservoir. Absorption of a test chemical is measured

13. ANIMAL TESTING FOR SKIN ABSORPTION NON-ANIMAL TESTING FOR SKIN ABSORPTION T APPARATUS USED FOR SKIN ABSORPTION APPARATUS USED FOR SKIN ABSORPTION

17. ANIMAL TESTING DONE FOR SKIN IRRITATION NON ANIMAL TESTING DONE FOR SKIN IRRITATION Rabbits are locked A test chemical is applied to the shaved back (Untreated skin areas serve as control) The wound site is then covered with a gauze patch for 4 hours. The degree of irritation is read and scored at specified time intervals. 1 Human patch tests 2 Test-tube studies 3 Computer modelling

18. SKIN LESIONS ANIMAL TESTING FOR SKIN IRRITATION

19. ANIMAL TESTING NON-ANIMAL TESTING 100 mg of a conc. solution dripped into the eyes of 6 to 9 conscious albino rabbits immobilize. Eyes are often held open with clips at the lid. IT is recorded for 72 hours, lasting 7-18 days (swelling of the eyelid, inflammation of the iris, ulceration, hemorrhaging (bleeding), and blindness occurs). 1 Neutral Red Uptake Assay 2 Chorio-allantoic Membrane Vascular Assay (CAMVA) 3 Three dimensional ocular tissue Equivalent system 4 Isolated Chicken Eye (ICE) Test Method

22. ANIMAL TESTING FOR PHOTOTOXICITY NON ANIMAL TESTING FOR PHOTOTOXICITY Mice or guinea pigs are locked into restraints. Different concentrations of a test chemical are applied to patches of shaved skin on their backs. Half the animals are then exposed to ultraviolet radiation for 2 or more hours. After which the chemical is removed . The animals are kept restrained for several days while their skin is examined. 1 The Neutral Red Uptake (NRU) 2 In-vitro test

23. ANIMAL TESTING FOR PHOTO-TOXICITY NON-ANIMAL TESTING FOR PHOTO-TOXICITY BLEEDING AND INFLAMMED SKIN AFTER ANIMAL TESTING APPARATUS USED FOR NEUTRAL RED UPTAKE ASSAY

29. SAY NO TO ANIMAL TESTING