117 90

117-2 MANUAL OF CONCRETE PRACTICE
P5. The Specification Checklist that follows is ad- Checklist consists of two columns; the first identifies
dressed to each item of the Standard Specification the sections, parts, and articles of the Standard Speci-
where the Architect/Engineer must or may make a fication and the second column contains notes to the
choice of alternatives; may add provisions if not indi- Architect/Engineer to indicate the type of action re-
cated; or may take exceptions. The Specification quired by the Architect/Engineer.
MANDATORY SPECIFICATION CHECKLIST
Section/Part/Article
Section 2 - Materials
2.2-Reinforcement
Section 3 - Foundations
3.1.1 Drilled piers
Section 4 - Cast-in-place
concrete for buildings
4.5.4 Form offsets
4.5.5 Floor finish
4.5.5.1 For Section
4.5.6
4.5.5.2 For Section
4.5.7
Notes to the Architect/Engineer
Tolerances for fabrication, placement, and lap splices for welded wire fabric
must be specified by the specifier.
Specify category of caisson. The designer should be aware that the recom-
mended vertical alignment tolerance of 1.5 percent of the shaft length indicated
in Category B caissons is based on experience in a wide variety of soil situations
combined with a limited amount of theoretical analysis using the beam on elas-
tic foundation theory and minimum assumed horizontal soil restraint.
Designate class of surface (A, B, C, D):
Class A - For surfaces prominently exposed to public view where appearance
is of special importance.
Class B - Coarse-textured concrete-formed surfaces intended to receive plas-
ter, stucco, or wainscoting.
Class C - General standard for permanently exposed surfaces where other fin-
ishes are not specified.
Class D - Minimum quality surface where roughness is not objectionable, usu-
ally applied where surfaces will be concealed.
Specify floor finish tolerance measurement method (either Section 4.5.6 or Sec-
tion 4.5.7).
Designate floor classification (15/13; 20/15; 30/20; or, 50/30).
Designate maximum gap under a freestanding straightedge (1/2 in., 5/16 in., 3/16 in.,
or 1/8 in.).
OPTIONAL SPECIFICATION CHECKLIST
Section 1 - General
1.1.2 Scope
1.1.2 Scope
1.2.3 Requirements
Tolerance values affect construction cost. Specific use of a toleranced item may
warrant less or more stringent tolerances than contained in the specification. Such
variances must be individually designated by the specifier in the contract docu-
ments.
Tolerances in this specification are for standard concrete construction and con-
struction procedures. Specialized concrete construction or construction procedures
require specifier to include specialized tolerances. AC1 committee documents cov-
ering specialized construction may provide guidance on specialized tolerances.
The tolerances in this Specification do not apply to special structures or procedures
not cited in the document such as nuclear reactors and containment vessels, bins
and silos, circular prestressed concrete tank structures and shotcrete.
Where a specific application uses multiply toleranced items that together yield a
toleranced result, the specifier must analyze the tolerance envelope with respect to
practical limits and design assumptions and specify its value where the standard
tolerances values in this specification are inadequate or inappropriate.

TOLERANCES
OPTIONAL SPECIFICATION CHECKLIST, continued
Section 2 - Materials
2.2.2 Concrete cover
2.3.2 Embedded items
concrete for foundations
3.4.1.2 Footings
concrete for buildings
4.5.5 Floor finish
Section 5 - Precast
concrete
5.1.4 Camber
5.3 Planer
elements
CONTENTS
Section 1 - General, p. 117-4
1.1 - Scope
1.2 - Requirements
1.3 - Definitions
Section 2 - Materials, p. 117-6
2.1 - Reinforcing steel fabrication
2.2 - Reinforcement placement
2.3 - Placement of embedded items
2.4 - Concrete batching
2.5 - Concrete properties
The tolerance for reduction in cover in reinforcing steel may require a reduction in
magnitude where the reinforced concrete is exposed to chlorides or the environ-
ment. Where possible excess cover or other protection of the reinforcing steel
should be specified in lieu of reduced tolerance because of the accuracy of locating
reinforcing steel utilizing standard fabrication accessories and installed procedures.
Tolerance given is for general application. Specific design use of embedded items
nay require the specifier to designate tolerances of reduced magnitude for various
embedded items.
Plus tolerance for the vertical dimensions is not specified because no limit is im-
posed. Specifier must designate plus tolerance if desired.
The procedures for specifying and measuring floor finish tolerances set forth herein
are not appropriate for narrow aisle warehouse floors with defined traffic lanes de-
signed for use by specialized wheeled equipment. Consult specific equipment man-
ufacturers for their recommendations.
The tolerances for precast concrete are intended to apply to all types of precast
concrete construction cast onsite (including tilt-up) and offsite except as set forth
below. Variations to these tolerances may be advisable after consideration of panel
size and construction techniques required.
Tolerances set forth herein are not intended to apply to plant production of pa-
tented or copyrighted structural systems and/or elements. Designers, specifiers and
contractors should contact the Licensors of such systems and/or products for ap-
plicable tolerances.
For members with a span-to-depth ratio equal to or exceeding 30, the stated cam-
ber tolerance may require special production measures and result in cost premi-
ums. Where feasible, a greater tolerance magnitude should be utilized where the
span-to-depth ratio is equal to or greater than 30.
Industrial precast products may not conform to the planar tolerances. Manufac-
turers should be consulted for appropriate tolerances for their products.
Section 3 - Foundations, p. 117-8
3.1 - Vertical alignment
3.2 - Lateral alignment
3.3 - Level alignment
3.4 - Cross-sectional dimensions
3.5 - Relative alignment
117-3
Section 4 - Cast-in-place concrete for buildings,
p. 117-9
4.6 - Openings through members
Section 5 - Precast concrete, p. 117-10
5.1 - Fabrication tolerances in linear elements except piles
5.2 - Fabrication tolerances for piles
5.3 - Fabrication tolerances in planar elements
5.4 - Erection tolerances
Section 6 - Masonry, p. 117-11

Section 7 - Cast-in-place, vertically slipformed
structures, p. 117-11
Section 8 - Mass concrete structures other than
buildings, p. 117-11
Section 9 - Canal lining, p. 117-11
Section 10 - Monolithic siphons and culverts, p.
117-11
Section 11 - Cast-in-place bridges, p. 117-12
Section 12 - Pavement and sidewalks, p. 117-12
Section 13 - Chimneys and cooling towers, p.
117-12
13.2 - Diameter
13.3 - Wall thickness
Section 14 - Cast-in-place nonreinforced pipe,
p. 117-12
14.2 - Pipe diameter
14.3 - Offsets
14.4 - Indentations
SECTION 1 - GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
1.1 - Scope
1.1.1 This specification designates standard toler-
ances for concrete construction.
1.1.2 The indicated tolerances govern unless other-
wise specified.
1.2 - Requirements
1.2.1 Concrete construction shall meet the specified
tolerances.
1.2.2 Tolerances shall not extend the structure be-
yond legal boundaries.
1.2.3 Tolerances are not cumulative. The most re-
strictive tolerance controls.
1.2.4 Plus ( + ) tolerance increases the amount or di-
mension to which it applies, or raises a level alignment.
Minus ( - ) tolerance decreases the amount or dimen-
sion to which it applies, or lowers a level alignment. A
nonsigned tolerance means + or - . Where only one
signed tolerance is specified (+ or - ), there is no limit
in the other direction.
1.3 - Definitions
Arris - The line, edge, or hip in which two straight
or curved surfaces of a body, forming an exterior an-
gle, meet; a sharp ridge, as between adjoining channels
of a Doric column.
Bowing - The displacement of the surface of a
planar element from a plane passing through any three
corners of the element.
Clear distance - In reinforced concrete, the least
distance between the surface of the reinforcement and
the referenced surface, i.e., the form, adjacent rein-
forcement, embedment, concrete, or other surface.
Concealed surface - Surface not subject to visual
observation during normal use of the element.
Contract documents - The project contract, the
project drawings, and the project specifications.
Cover - In reinforced concrete, the least distance
between the surface of the reinforcement and the outer
surface of the concrete.
Flatness - The degree to which a surface approxi-
mates a plane.
Lateral alignment - The location relative to a spec-
ified horizontal line or point in a horizontal plane.
Level alignment - The location relative to a speci-
fied horizontal plane. When applied to roadways,
bridge decks, slabs, ramps, or other nominally hori-
zontal surfaces established by elevations, level align-
ment is defined as the vertical location of the surface
relative to the specified profile grade and specified cross
slope.
Levelness - The degree to which a line or surface
parallels horizontal.
Precast linear element - Beam, column, or similar
unit.
Precast planar element - Wall panel, floor panel, or
similar unit.
Project Specifications - The building specifications
which employ ACI 117 by reference, and which serve as
the instrument for making the mandatory and optional
selections available under these and for specifying items
not covered herein.
Relative alignment - The distance between two or
more elements in any plane, or the distance between
adjacent elements, or the distance between an element
and a defined point or plane.
Spiral - As used in circular stave silo construction,
is defined as the distortion that results when the staves
are misaligned so that their edges are inclined while
their outer faces are vertical. The resulting assembly

TOLERANCES 117-5
appears twisted with the vertical joints becoming long-
pitch spirals.
Specified surface, plane, or line - A surface, plane,
or line specified by the contract documents; specified
planes and lines may slope and specified surfaces may
have curvature.
Tolerance -
1. The permitted variation from a given dimension
2. The range of variation permitted in maintaining
a specified dimension.
3. A permitted variation from location or align-
ment.
Vertical alignment - The location relative to speci-
fied vertical plane or a specified vertical line or from a
line or plane reference to a vertical line or plane. When
applied to battered walls, abutments or other nearly
or quantity. vertical surfaces, vertical alignment is defined as the
Fig. 2.1(a) - Standard fabricating tolerances for bar sizes #3 through #11

NOTES:
Entire shearing and bending tolerances are customarily ab-
sorbed in the extension past the last bend in a bent bar.
All tolerances single plane and as shown. Tolerances for Types
S1 through S6, S11, and T1 through T9 apply only the Bar Sizes
#3 through #8.
*Dimensions on this line are to be within tolerance shown, but
are not to differ from opposite parallel dimension more than 1/2 in.
Angular deviation-Maximum plus or minus 2-1/2 deg or plus or
minus 1/2 in. per ft, but not less than 1/2 in., on all 90-deg hooks and
bends.
TOLERANCE SYMBOLS:
1. Bar Sizes #3, #4, #5:
= plus or minus 1/2 in. when gross bar length < 12 ft
= plus or minus 1 in. when gross bar length _> 12 ft
2. Plus or minus 1 in.
3. Plus 0, minus 1/2 in.
4. Plus or minus 1/2 in.
5. Plus or minus 1/2 in. for diameter _< 30 in.
Plus or minus 1 in. for diameter > 30 in.
6. Plus or minus 1.5 percent of o dimension _> plus or minus 2 in.
minimum. If application of positive tolerance to Type 9 results
in a chord length equal to or greater than the arc or bar length,
the bar may be shipped straight.
Fig. 2.1(a) - Standard fabricating tolerances for bar sizes #3 through #11
horizontal location of the surface relative to the speci-
fied profile.
SECTION 2 - MATERIALS
Warping - The displacement of the surface, por- 2.1 - Reinforcing steel fabrication
tion, or edge of a planar element from a plane passing For bars #3 and #11 in size, see Fig. 2.1(a).
through any three corners of the element. For bars #14 and #18 in size, see Fig. 2.1(b).

TOLERANCES 117-7
NOTES:
Entire shearing and bending tolerances are customarily ab-
sorbed in the extension past the last bend in a bent bar.
All tolerances single plane and as shown.
Angular deviation - Maximum plus or minus 2-1/2 deg or plus or
minus 1/2 in. per ft on all 90-deg hooks and bends.
TOLERANCE SYMBOLS:
#14 #18
7. Plus or minus 2-1/2 in. 3-1/2 in.
8. Plus or minus 2 in. 2 in.
9. Plus or minus 1-1/2 in. 2 in.
10. Plus or minus
2 percent x o dimension _> ±2-1/2 in.† ±3-1/2 in.†
min. min.
Fig. 2.1(b) - Standard fabricating tolerances for bar sizes #14 and #18
2.2 - Reinforcement placement
2.2.1 Tolerances shall not permit a reduction in cover
except as set forth in Section 2.2.2 hereof.
2.2.2 Clear distance to side forms and resulting con-
crete surfaces and clear distance to formed and result-
ing concrete soffits in direction of tolerance
When member size is 4 in. or less . . . . . . . + 1/4 in.
. . . . . . . - 3/8 in.
When member size is over 4 in. but not over 12
in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3/8 in.
When member size is over 12 in. but not over 2
ft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1/2 in.
When member size is over 2 ft. . . . . . . . . . . 1 in.
2.2.3 Concrete cover measured perpendicular to con-
crete surface in direction of tolerance
When member size is 12 in. or less . . . . . . - 3/8 in.
When member size is over 12 in. . . . . . . . - 1/2 in.
Reduction in cover shall not exceed one-third
specified concrete cover.
Reduction in cover to formed soffits shall not
exceed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1/4 in.
2.2.4 Distance between reinforcement:
One-quarter specified distance not to exceed
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 in.
Providing that distance between reinforcement
shall not be less than the greater of the bar di-

ameter or 1 in. for unbundled bars.
For bundled bars, the distance between bun-
dles shall not be less than the greater of 1 in. or
1.4 times the individual bar diameter for 2 bar
bundles, 1.7 times the individual bar diameter
for 3 bar bundles and 2 times the individual bar
diameter for 4 bar bundles.
2.2.5 Spacing of nonprestressed reinforcement, de-
viation from specified location
In slabs and walls other than stirrups and ties
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 in.
Stirrups . . . . depth of beam in inches/12 x 1 in.
Ties
. . . . . . least width of column in inches/12 x 1 in.
However, total number of bars shall not be less
than that specified.
2.2.6 Placement of prestressing reinforcement or
prestressing steel ducts
2.2.6.1 Lateral placement
Member depth (or thickness) 24 in. or less
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1/2 in.
Member depth (or thickness) over 24 in. . . . . 1 in.
2.2.6.2 Vertical placement
Member depth (or thickness) 8 in. or less
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1/4 in.
Member depth (or thickness) over 8 in. but not
over 24 in. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3/8 in.
Member depth (or thickness) more than 24
in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1/2 in.
2.2.7 Longitudinal location of bends and ends of
bars:
At discontinuous ends of members . . . . . . . . . . . 1 in.
At other locations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 in.
Table 2.4
2.2.8 Embedded length of bars and length of bar
laps:
#3 through #11 bar sizes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 1 in.
#14 and #18 bar sizes (embedment only) - 2 in.
2.2.9 Bearing plate for prestressng tendons, devia-
tion from specified plane. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 degree
2.3 - Placement of embedded items
2.3.1 Clearance to reinforcement the greater of the
bar diameter or . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 in.
2.3.2 Vertical alignment, lateral alignment, and level
alignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 in.
2.4 - Concrete batching
See Table 2.4.
2.5 - Concrete properties
2.5.1 Slump, where specified as “maximum” or “not
to exceed," for all values. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .+ 0 in.
Specified slump 3 in. or less . . . . . . . . . . . . - 1-1/2 in.
Specified slump more than 3 in . . . . . . . . - 2-1/2 in.
Slump, when specified as a single value
Specified slump 4 in. or less . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 in.
Specified slump more than 4 in . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1/2 in.
Where range is specified there is no tolerance.
2.5.2 Air content, where no range is specified and
specified air content by volume is 4 percent or
greater. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-1/2 percent
Where range is specified, there is no tolerance.
SECTION 3 - FOUNDATIONS
3.1.1 Drilled piers
3.1.1.1 Category A - For unreinforced shafts ex-
tending through materials offering no or
minimal lateral restraint (i.e., water, nor-
mally consolidated organic soils, and soils
that might liquefy during an earthquake)
- 12.5 percent of shaft diameter.
3.1.1.2 Category B - For unreinforced shafts ex-
tending through materials offering lateral
restraint (soils other than those indicated
in Category A) - not more than 1.5 per-
cent of the shaft length.
3.1.1.3 Category C - For reinforced concrete
shafts - not more than 2.0 percent of the
shaft length.
3.2.1 Footings
As cast to the center of gravity as specified; 0.02
times width of footing in direction of misplace-
ment but not more than . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 in.
Supporting masonry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1/2 in.
3.2.2 Drilled piers
3.2.2.1 1/24 of shaft diameter but not more than
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 in.
3.3.1 Footings
3.3.1.1 Top of footings supporting masonry 1/2 in.
3.3.1.2 Top of other footings . . . . . . . . . . + 1/2 in.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 2 in.
3.3.2 Drilled piers
3.3.2.1 Cut-off elevation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + 1 in.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 3 in.

TOLERANCES 117-9
3.4 - Cross-sectional dimensions 4.5 - Relative alignment
3.4.1 Footings 4.5.1 Stairs
3.4.1.1 Horizontal dimension of formed members Difference in height between adjacent risers
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + 2 in.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 1/2 in.
3.4.1.2 Horizontal dimension of unformed mem-
bers cast against soil
2 ft. or less . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + 3 in.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1/8 in.
Difference in width between adjacent trends
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1/4 in.
4.5.2 Grooves
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 1/2 in.
Greater than 2 ft. but less than 6 ft . . . . . . . . + 6 in.
. . . . . . . . . - 1/2 in.
Over 6 ft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + 12 in.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 1/2 in.
3.4.1.3 Vertical dimension (thickness) - 5 percent
Specified width 2 in. or less . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1/8 in.
Specified width more than 2 in. but not more
than 12 in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1/4 in..
4.5.3 Formed surfaces may slope with respect to the
specified plane at a rate not to exceed the following
amounts in 10 ft
3.5.1 Footing side and top surfaces may slope with
respect to the specified plane at a rate not to exceed the
following amounts in 10 ft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 in.
4.5.3.1 Vertical alignment of outside corner of ex-
posed corner columns and control joint
grooves in concrete exposed to view
SECTION 4 - CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE FOR
BUILDINGS
4.1.1 For heights 100 ft or less
Lines, surfaces, and arrises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 in.
Outside corner of exposed corner columns and
control joint grooves in concrete exposed to
view . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1/2 in.
4.1.2 For heights greater than 100 ft
Lines, surfaces, and arrises, 1/1000 times the height
but not more than . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 in.
Outside corner of exposed corner columns and
control joint grooves in concrete, 1/2000 times the
height but not more than . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 in.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1/4 in.
4.5.3.2 All other conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3/8 in.
4.5.4. The offset between adjacent pieces of form-
work facing material shall not exceed:
Class of surface:
Class A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1/8 in.
Class B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1/4 in.
Class C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1/2 in.
Class D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 in.
4.5.5 Floor finish tolerances shall meet the require-
ments of either Section 4.5.6 or 4.5.7, as set forth by
the specifier.
4.5.6 Floor finish tolerances as measured in accord-
ance with ASTM E 1155-87 Standard Test Method for
Determining Floor Flatness and Levelness Using the F-
Number System (Inch-Pound Units)
4.2.1 Members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 in.
4.2.2 In slabs, centerline location of openings 12 in.
or smaller and edge location of larger openings . . 1/2 in.
4.2.3 Sawcuts, joints, and weakened plane embed- 15
ments in slabs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3/4 in.
4.3.1 Top of slabs:
4.3.1.1 Elevation of slabs-on-grade . . . . . . . . . . . 3/4 in.
4.3.1.2 Elevation of top surfaces of formed slabs
before removal of supporting shores
Minimum FF FL number required
Floor profile quality Test area Minimum local F number
classification Flatness FF Level FL Flatness FF
Level FL
Conventional
Bullfloated 13 13 10
Straightedged 20 15 15 10
Flat 30 20 15 10
Very flat 50 30 25 15
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3/4 in.
4.3.2 Elevation of formed surfaces before removal of
shores . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3/4 in.
4.3.3 Lintels, sills, parapets, horizontal grooves, and
other lines exposed to view . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1/2 in.
4.4.1 Members, such as columns, beams, piers, walls
(thickness only), and slabs (thickness only)
12 in. dimension or less.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + 3/8 in.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 1/4 in.
More than 12 in. dimension but not over 3 ft di-
mension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + 1/2 in.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 3/8 in.
Over 3 ft dimension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + 1 in.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 3/4 in.
4.5.6.1 The FL levelness tolerance shall not apply to
slabs placed on unshored form surfaces and/or shored
form surfaces after the removal of shores. FL levelness
tolerances shall not apply to cambered or inclined sur-
faces and shall be measured within 72 hr after slab
concrete placement.
4.5.7 Floor finish tolerances as measured by placing
a freestanding (unleveled) 10 ft. straightedge anywhere
on the slab and allowing it to rest upon two high spots
within 72 hr after slab concrete placement. The gap at
any point between the straightedge and the floor (and
between the highspots) shall not exceed:
Classification:
Conventional
Bullfloated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1/2 in.
Straightedged . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5/16 in.

Flat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3/16 in.
Very flat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1/8 in.
4.6 - Openings through members
4.6.1 Cross-sectional size of opening. . . . . . . - 1/4 in.
. . . . . . . . +1 in.
4.6.2 Location of centerline of opening . . . . . . 1/2 in.
SECTION 5 - PRECAST CONCRETE
5.1 - Fabrication tolerances in linear elements
except piles
5.1.1 Length of member
Per 10 ft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1/8 in.
Total not more than . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3/4 in.
5.1.2 Cross-sectional dimensions
6 in. or less . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1/8 in.
Over 6 in. but not over 18 in . . . . . . . . . . . . 3/16 in.
Over 18 in. but not over 36 in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1/4 in.
Over 36 in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3/8 in.
5.1.3 Lateral alignment (sweep) of noncambered
member surfaces relative to centerline of member
Member length
40 ft and less . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1/4 in.
Over 40 ft but not over 60 ft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3/8 in.
Over 60 ft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1/2 in.
5.1.4 Camber variation from design chamber, at time
of erection
For nonprestressed elements, 1/8 in. per 10 ft of
length but not more than . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1/2 in.
For prestressed elements, 1/4 in. per 10 ft of
length but not more than . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 in.
5.1.5 Surface irregularities, deviation from a 10 ft
straightedge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
For elements which will not receive topping
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1/4 in.
For elements to receive topping . . . . . . . 1/2 in.
For elements to be used as concrete guideways
support and steering surfaces
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1/8 in.
5.2 - Fabrication tolerances for piles
5.2.1 Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + 6 in.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 2 in.
Overall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3/8 in.
Wall thickness of hollow sections . . . . . . . + 1/2 in.
. . . . . . . . . . -0 in.
5.2.3 Lateral alignment of pile surfaces relative to
pile centerline in length of pile, per 10 ft, . . . . . . . 1/8 in.
5.2.4 Location of internal void . . . . . . . . . . . 3/8 in.
5.2.5 Pile head
From the plane perpendicular to the longitudi-
nal axis of pile, 1/4 in. in 12 in. but not more
than . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1/2 in.
5.2.6 Surface irregularities
Pile head . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1/8 in.
Other surfaces, deviation from a 10 ft. straight-
edge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1/4 in.
5.3 - Fabrication tolerances in planar elements
5.3.1 Length and width
10 ft or less . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1/8 in.
Over 10 ft but not over 20 ft. . . . . . . . . . . . . + 1/8 in.
. . . . . . . . . . . . - 3/16 in.
Over 20 ft but not over 40 ft. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1/4 in.
Each additional 10 ft increment in excess of 40
ft. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1/16 in.
Difference in length of the two diagonals, of a
rectangular member the greater of 1/8 in. per 6 ft
of diagonal or . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1/2 in.
thickness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + 1/4 in.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 1/8 in.
5.3.3 Openings in panels
Size of opening . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1/4 in.
Location of centerline of opening . . . . . . . . 1/4 in.
5.3.4 Lateral alignment of embedded items
Reglets for glazing gaskets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1/8 in.
Bolts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1/4 in.
Flashing reglets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1/4 in.
Flashing reglets at panel edge . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1/8 in.
Electrical outlets and pipe sleeves . . . . . . . . 1/2 in.
Weld plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 in.
Inserts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1/2 in.
5.3.5 Bowing and warping at time of erection
Bowing
1/3 60 times the panel diagonal dimension in
inches but not more than . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 in.
Warping
1/16 in. per ft. of distance from nearest adjacent
corner but not more than . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 in.
5.4 - Erection tolerances
5.4.1 Vertical, lateral, and level alignment
Same as for cast-in-place concrete in Section 4.0.
5.4.1.1 Building elements
Same as for cast-in-place concrete in Section 4.0.
5.4.1.2 Concrete guideways
Concrete guideway construction misalignment of
support or steering surfaces shall not exceed
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1/16 in.
5.4.2 Alignment of exposed wall panels
5.4.2.1 Width of joints between exposed wall
panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1/4 in.
5.4.2.2 Taper (difference in width) of joint be-
tween adjacent exposed wall panels, the
greater of, 1/40 in. per linear foot of joint,
or . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1/16 in.
Not to exceed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
/8 in.
5.4.2.3 Alignment of joints at adjoining corners
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
/4 in.
5.4.2.4 Offset in exterior face of adjacent
panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1
/4 in.
5.4.3 Offset of top surfaces of adjacent elements in
erected position . . .
With topping slab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
/4 in.
Floor elements without topping slab . . . . . . 1
/4 in.
Roof elements without topping slab . . . . . . . 3
/4 in.
Guideway elements to be used as riding
surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
/16 in.

TOLERANCES 117-11
SECTION 6 - MASONRY
In surface of wall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3/4 in.
In alignment of head joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1/2 in.
6.2.1 Vertical members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1/2 in.
6.3.1 In bed joints and top of wall,
exposed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1/2 in.
Not exposed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 in.
6.3.2 Top of wall used for a bearing surface. . . 1/2 in.
6.3.3 Top of wall, other than a bearing surface
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3/4 in.
6.4.1 Multiwythed walls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + 1/2 in.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 1/4 in.
6.4.2 Other members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .+ 1/2 in.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1/4 in.
6.4.3 Joint thickness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1/8 in.
6.5.1 Masonry surfaces may slope with respect to the
amounts in 10 ft
6.5.1.1 Walls and columns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1/4 in.
6.5.1.2 Bed joints, head joints,
and top of wall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1/4 in.
6.5.1.3 Top of wall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1/4 in.
SECTION 7 - CAST-IN-PLACE, VERTICALLY
SLIPFORMED BUILDING ELEMENTS
7.1.1 Translation and rotation from a fixed point at
the base of the structure:
For heights 100 ft. or less . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 in.
For heights greater than 100 ft., l/600 times the
height but not more than . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 in.
Between adjacent elements.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 in.
Walls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + 3/4 in.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 3/8 in.
Formed surfaces may slope with respect to the
specified plane at a rate not to exceed the fol-
lowing amount in 10 ft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1/4 in.
SECTION 8 - MASS CONCRETE STRUCTURES
OTHER THAN BUILDINGS
8.1.1 Surfaces
Visible surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1/4 in.
Concealed surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1/2 in.
8.1.2 Side walls for radial gates and similar water-
tight joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 3/16 in.
Visible surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1/4 in.
Concealed surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1/2 in.
8.3.1 General
Visible flatwork and formed surfaces . . . . . . 1/2 in.
Concealed flatwork and formed surfaces . . . 1 in.
8.3.2 Sills for radial gates and similar watertight
joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3/16 in.
amount in 10 ft
8.4.1.1 Slopes in lateral and level alignments
Visible surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1/4 in.
Concealed surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1/2 in.
8.4.1.2 Slopes in vertical alignment
Visible surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1/2 in.
Concealed surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 in.
SECTION 9 - CANAL LINING
9.1.1 Alignment of tangents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 in.
9.1.2 Alignment of curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 in.
9.1.3 Width of section at any height: 0.0025 times
specified width W plus one in. . . . . . . . . . 0.0025W + 1 in.
9.2.1 Profile grade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 in.
9.2.2 Surface of invert . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1/4 in.
9.2.3 Surface of side slope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1/2 in.
9.2.4 Height of lining: 0.005 times established height
H plus one in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.005H + 1 in.
Thickness of lining cross section: 10 percent of spec-
ified thickness provided average thickness is main-
tained as determined by daily batch volumes.
SECTION 10 - MONOLITHIC SIPHONS AND
CULVERTS
10.1.1 Centerline alignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 in.
10.1.2 Inside dimensions:
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.005 times inside dimension
10.2.1 Profile grade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 in.
10.2.2 Surface of invert . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1/4 in.
10.2.3 Surface of side slope.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1/2 in.
10.3.1 Cross section at any point
Increase thickness: greater of 0.05 times thick-
ness, or . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + 1/2 in.
Decrease thickness: greater of 0.25 times thick-
ness, or . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 1/4 in.

SECTION 11 - CAST-IN-PLACE BRIDGES
11.1.1 Exposed surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3/4 in.
11.1.2 Concealed surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1/2 in.
Centerline alignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 in.
11.3.1 Profile grade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 in.
11.3.2 Top of other concrete surfaces and horizontal
grooves
Exposed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3/4 in.
Concealed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1/2 in.
11.3.3 Mainline pavements in longitudinal direction,
the gap below a 10 ft unleveled straightedge resting on
highspots shall not exceed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1/8 in.
11.3.4 Mainline pavements in transverse direction,
highspots shall not exceed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1/4 in.
11.3.5 Ramps, sidewalks, and intersections, in any
direction, the gap below a 10 ft unleveled straightedge
resting on highspots shall not exceed . . . . . . . . 1/4 in.
11.4.1 Bridge slabs vertical dimension (thick-
ness) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + 1/4 in.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 1/8 in.
11.4.2 Members such as columns, beams, piers,
walls, and other (slabs thickness only) . . . . . + 1/2 in.
. . . . . . - 1/4 in.
11.4.3 Openings through concrete members .. 1/2 in.
11.5.1 Location of openings through concrete
members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1/2 in.
amounts in 10 ft
Watertight joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1/8 in.
Other exposed surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1/2 in.
Concealed surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 in.
11.5.3 Unformed exposed surfaces, other than pave-
ments and sidewalks, may slope with respect to the
amounts
In 10 ft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1/4 in.
In 20 ft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3/8 in.
SECTION 12 - PAVEMENTS AND SIDEWALKS
12.1.1 Placement of dowels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 in.
12.1.2 Alignment of dowels, relative to centerline of
pavement, 18 in. or less projection . . . . . . 1/4 in.
greater than 18 in. projection
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not established
12.2.1 Mainline pavements in longitudinal direction,
highspots shall not exceed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1/8 in.
12.2.2 Mainline pavements in transverse direction,
highspots shall not exceed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1/4 in.
12.2.3 Ramps, sidewalks, and intersections, in any
direction, the gap below a 10 ft unleveled straightedge
resting on highspots shall not exceed.. . . . . . . . 1/4 in.
SECTION 13 - CHIMNEYS AND COOLING
TOWERS
Translation, rotation or variance form vertical axis
the greater of 1/1000 times the height at time of mea-
surement, or 1 in.
In any 10 ft of height the centerpoint shall not
change more than 1 in.
13.2 - Diameter
Outside shell diameter 1/100 times the specified di-
ameter plus 1 in.
The average of four wall thickness measurements
taken over a 60 deg arc.
Specified wall thickness 10 in. or less . . . . . . - 1/4 in.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + 1/2 in.
Specified wall thickness greater than 10 in. .. - 1/2 in.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + 1 in.
SECTION 14 - NONREINFORCED CAST-IN-
PLACE PIPE
Minimum wall thickness at any point shall be 1/12
times the specified internal diameter of the pipe plus 1/2
in., but in no case less than . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 in.
14.2 - Pipe diameter
The internal diameter at any point shall not be less
than 95 percent of the specified diameter, the average
of any four measurements taken at 45 deg intervals
shall not be less than the specified diameter.
14.3 - Offsets
At formlaps and horizontal edges shall not exceed:
For pipe with an internal diameter not greater than
42 in. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1/2 in..
For pipe with an internal diameter 43 through 72 in.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3/4 in.
For pipe with an internal diameter greater than 72
in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 in.
14.4 - Surface indentations
Maximum allowable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1/2 in.
This standard was submitted to letter ballot of the committee and approved
in accordance with the Institute’s balloting procedures.

117 90

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117 90