hybrid vehicles hybrid vehicles

1. Aims and Objectives
Aim
•To be able to describe the operation of a vehicles hybrid system
Objectives
•To recognize the need for alternative fuels
• To be able to describe the operation of a hybrid system
•To be able to comment on the use of hybrid systems
Hybrid Vehicles
By Waqas CH

2. Why do we need alternative fuels?
We need alternative fuels as our supply of fossil fuels (that make petrol and diesel) are
becoming less and less.
To make an effort to reduce our carbon footprint.
To reduce the amount of harmful gases produced by vehicles.
Hybrid Vehicles

3. Question
In pairs discuss some other reasons why we might benefit from alternative fuels.
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4. Alternative Fuels
Ethanol
Reduces the green house gases produced by vehicles, is commonly mixed with petrol to run
motor vehicles:-
E10 10% Ethanol 90% Petrol
E85 85% Ethanol 15% Petrol
(no difference in performance to the two)
Hybrid Vehicles
By Waqas CH

5. Alternative Fuels
Ethanol Plus points
•Lower Emissions
•More resistance to engine knock
•Added vehicle cost is minimal
Ethanol Negative points
•Flex fuel vehicle
•Lower energy content
•Limited Availability
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6. Alternative Fuels
Bio Diesel
Is made up of crops, or even old restaurant oil
Can be used on its own or blended with petrol
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7. Alternative Fuels
Bio Diesel Plus points
•Can be utilised in most diesel engines
•Less air pollutants
•Biodegradable
•Non-toxic
•Safer to handle
Bio Diesel Negative points
•May not be approved by the manufacture
•Lower fuel economy
•More nitrogen oxide
•Not suitable in lower temperature
•Concerns over engine durability
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8. Alternative Fuels
Natural Gas
Can be used to fuel the car as a gas or a liquid
Can be utilised within duel fuel vehicles
Stored in high pressure tanks (therefore two fuelling systems are required within the vehicle)
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9. Alternative Fuels
Natural Gas Plus points
•60-90% less smoke producing emissions
•30-40% less Green House gasses emitted
•Less expensive
Natural Gas Negative points
•Fewer miles per tank
•Less available
•Limited to the type of vehicles it is
available on
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10. Alternative Fuels
Propane LPG
Clean burning fossil fuel
Contains fewer toxins
Must have a separate fuelling system for the two fuels (petrol and LPG)
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11. Alternative Fuels
Propane Plus points
•Fewer toxins and smog emitting pollutants
•Less expensive
Propane Negative points
•Not currently readily available on newer
models
•Fewer miles available per tank of fuel
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12. Alternative Fuels
Hydrogen
Hydrogen is been readily looked at as an alternative for petrol/diesel.
Environmentally friendly fuel, however, there are challenges that stop this fuel being
currently widely used.
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13. Alternative Fuels
Hydrogen Plus points
•Produced from several sources
•No air pollutants produced
•Produces only NOX
Hydrogen Negative points
•Expensive
•Fuel cells can be expensive
•Lower energy density then fuel
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14. Alternative Fuels
Questions
Give two advantages and disadvantages of hydrogen fuel?
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15. Hybrid Vehicles
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16. Hybrid Vehicles
Can be split into two sections:-
Series and Parallel
Series
The vehicles Engine will drive the generator which in turn powers the vehicle.
Parallel
Engine and motor can be used to drive the vehicle, this system employs brake energy
regeneration.
This is the most favoured amongst manufactures.
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17. Question
What are the two sections that hybrid vehicles can be split into?
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18. Hybrid Vehicles
The main components include:-
Motor
High Voltage Battery
Power drive Unit
DC converter (direct current)
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19. Hybrid Vehicles
Toyota Prius
Uses a Power Split system
1)the high voltage battery provides power to the motor to drive the wheels
2)Wheels are driven by engine to power splitting device. The generator is driven by planetary
gears to provide the motor with electricity to drive the wheels
3)During de-acceleration energy is recovered at the wheels, the energy in converted to
mechanical energy to charge the vehicles high voltage battery
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20. Hybrid Vehicles
Toyota Prius
Power Splitter
Is a epicycle gear box, that transmits energy in main components.
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21. Toyota Prius
5 Operating Modes
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22. Question
Name one of the five modes that hybrid vehicles use.
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23. Hybrid Vehicles
Toyota Prius
Start up
Under normal conditions the motor will start the engine
Under poor start up conditions the 12v starting system will start the vehicle
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24. Hybrid Vehicles
Toyota Prius
Acceleration
DC is converted to AC via the power drive unit
This is used as supply to the motor
It is also used to supplement engine output
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25. Hybrid Vehicles
Toyota Prius
Cruise
Engine drives the motor (which acts as a generator)
The output current drives the motor
Converted to 12v DC supplies the vehicles charging system
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26. Hybrid Vehicles
Toyota Prius
Deceleration
Motor is driven by the wheels under deceleration conditions, regeneration takes place
Power drive unit converts AC current to DC current to charge the batter module.
Some energy is then used to charge the 12v electrical system.
If ABS senses wheel lock up, a signal is sent to the ECU and re-generation stops to prevent
interference.
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27. Hybrid Vehicles
Toyota Prius
Idle
The flow of energy is similar to that of cruising
If the charge of the battery is low, the ECU will raise the vehicles idle speed to compensate
for this.
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28. Summary - have we ?
Recognized the need for alternative fuels ?
Can we describe the operation of a hybrid system ?
Are we able to comment on the use of hybrid system ?
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29. Any Questions ?
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