The geological and cultural basics behind the mountain. Earth's place in space. The mountain's place in history and culture.

1. The Basics

3. Connecting the mountain

4. … with popular culture

5. Everyone likes Ninja!

7. • Today’s Speaking Exercises
• Basics Pairs (Global)
• Basics Pairs (Local)
• Try to do both
• Take your time
• Click (touch) on Finish Quiz Button

8. Geological

12. Artistic

13. Sacred

14. Cultural

16. • People often like to discuss the basics
• How did Mount Fuji get that way?
• What’s going to happen?
• How does it relate to other Japanese things?

17. • Mount Fuji (old Fuji) has been active at least
100,000 years
• Nearby activity (Komitake) goes back about
700,000 years
• Probably something before that
• Volcanic activity in the area for millions of
years

18. Young Fuji is covering everything

19. Young Fuji is about 11,000 years old

20. Very young

21. 700,000 years ago

22. Older Fuji on top of Komitake

23. Then younger Fuji on top of everything

24. • Let’s get this into perspective
• What’s really happening here?

25. Space

26. The Final Frontier (Maybe)

27. Space is big

28. Really big

29. How big?
• You think it’s a long way from the university …
• …to Familymart
• Space is not like that
• We’re talking about a REALLY LONG WAY!

30. Space goes on forever

31. Literally forever!!

32. Unimaginable

33. Earth is basically a big ball …

34. … flying around in space!

35. Scary

36. We’re flying around the Sun

37. The Sun is a star

38. Stars are huge balls of burning gas

39. The Sun is about 150 million
kilometers away!

40. You don’t want to get too close!

41. • 150,000,000 kilometers
• One hundred and fifty million kilometers
• You think it’s a long way from your apartment
to Tsurubunkadaigakumaeeki
• The distance to the Sun is different

42. And we orbit the Sun

43. Once a year!

44. In December, we’re over here!

45. In June we’re over there!

46. But what does “over here” and “over
there” mean in Space?

47. You don’t need a spaceship

48. We are flying at about …

49. 30 kilometers per second!!

50. • But the Sun (in fact the whole solar system) …
• …is traveling around the Milky Way …
• …at a speed of 220 kilometers per second!

51. Furthest rocket flight from Earth?

52. About 400,000 kilometers

53. • So spaceship flights ….
• …. have only gone ….
• …. very tiny distances.

54. The center of the Earth

55. About 6,300 kilometers down

56. Nobody has ever been down there

57. We HAVE drilled down some way

58. But only about 12 kilometers

59. Only 12 kilometers out of 6,300
kilometers

60. Why stop at 12 kilometers?

61. It gets really, really, really, hot!

62. Either way you look

63. Up or down

64. Fire

65. We walk around on the crust

66. The crust is cool

67. So we can walk around on it

68. The Mantle is HOT!

69. 500 to 900℃ near the crust!

70. 4000℃ near the core!

71. That’s hot!
• If you think your room gets hot …
• … in July …
• … with no air conditioner …
• … under the ground is different!

72. Everything melts down there!

73. Harder near the surface

74. But everything melts!

75. Except right in the center

76. Pressure is so great, it cannot melt!

77. The outer shell is broken into different
parts

78. Tectonic Plates

80. Like a soccer ball

81. Plates are like panels

82. Except these plates move around

83. Pull away from each other

84. Pushing

85. Forcing one under

86. Magma rises up

87. Melted (or semi-melted) rock

88. Lava is magma that comes out of the
ground

89. What happens where plates meet?

90. Lots of earthquakes

91. And volcanoes

94. So if you live near these plates …

95. You have a problem!

96. Places with more than one plate …

97. Have an even bigger problem…

98. Especially as the plates TEND to move!

99. Pushing plates under

100. Forcing magma up

101. Pushing up magma

102. Sometimes pulling away

103. But often pushing

104. Forcing one under

105. Magma rises up

106. Earthquakes and volcanoes

107. Subduction zones

109. Obduction and subduction

110. Ring of Fire

111. Mount Fuji
• Triple Junction
• The Amurian Plate (west)
• The Okhotsk Plate (east)
• Philippine Sea Plate
• Western Japan
• Eastern Japan
• Izu Peninsula

112. Okhotsk Plate

113. Amurian Plate

114. Philippine Plate

115. Eurasian Plate

116. Lincoln Cathedral – 800 years old

118. Gloucester Cathedral – 1400 years old

119. Of course! No problem in Britain

120. Nothing moving

122. Okhotsk Plate

123. Amurian Plate

124. Philippine Plate

125. Major volcanoes in Japan

126. Over 100 ACTIVE volcanoes!

127. 10% of the world’s active volcanoes!

128. Compare with California

130. About 20% of the world’s earthquakes
in Japan!!

131. Lots of earthquakes and volcanoes

132. Nankai earthquakes

133. Happen every 100 years or so

134. Could happen again any time

135. What if there’s a huge one …

136. … in Tokyo Bay?

137. Try not to think about it.

138. But if you’re in Odaiba …

139. … and you hear the siren...

140. Run!

141. How about the basics of culture?

142. Another conversation point

143. Very very Japanese

144. Ninja were military specialists

145. … spies etc.

146. Sengoku Period (戦国時代)
1467 - 1603

147. Everyone fighting everyone else!

148. Ended with unification under the
Tokugawa Shogunate

149. Start of the Edo Period

150. During the warring period, new ways
of fighting developed

151. New weapons

152. Social upheaval

153. The old Samurai values were not
enough

154. Mountain areas were the best …

155. … training grounds for Ninja

156. Mie and Shiga Prefectures most
famous

157. Training in villages …

158. … running to the mountains when
necessary

159. Takeda Shingen: legendary ruler

160. Takeda Shingen: legendary ruler

161. Kai Province (甲斐)

162. Roughly equivalent to Yamanashi

163. Takeda Shingen made great use of
Ninja

164. As scouts

165. As arsonists

166. As spies

167. As terrorists

168. Masters of disguise

169. So the mountains …

170. … were a place of retreat …

171. Holy people

172. Training the mind

173. Enlightenment

174. But also training the body

175. They sometimes had to be ready to
fight

176. Extreme physical rigor

178. A path to power

179. Extreme mental rigor

180. Mental and physical discipline

181. Not just Japan, of course

182. Mystical ideas trickled back to the
Samurai class

184. Villages near mountain retreats

185. Mountains as places of military and
spiritual training

186. Magical powers

187. Honor? Or survival?