1. Average

2. Simple Average (or Mean) is defined as the ratio of sum of the
quantities to the number of quantities.
Putting in symbols,
Here x1, x2, x3, ----------- xn represent the n values of
quantities under consideration & is their mean.x
Definition
quantitiesofNo
quantitiesallofSum
.
Average =
X =
N
x-----------xxx n321
Note:
Average or mean is said to be a measure of central tendency.

3. Example
Find the average of 53, 57, 63 and 71.
Solution:
Average = = 61
4
244
4
71635753

5. Weighted Average or Mean:
If some body asks you to calculate the combined
average marks of both the sections of class X- A and X- B,
when both sections have 60% and 70% average marks
respectively? Then your answer will be 65% but this is wrong
as you do not know the total number of students in each
sections. So to calculate weighted average, we must have to
know the number of students in both the sections.
Let N1, N2, N3, …. Nn be the weights attached to variable
values X1, X2, X3, …….. Xn respectively.
Then the weighted arithmetic mean is given by
X =
n321
nn332211
N.....NNN
XN.....XNXNXN

6. Example
The average marks of 30 students in a section of class X are 20
while that of 20 students of second section is 30. Find the average
marks for the entire class X.
Solution
We can do the question by using both the Simple average &
weighted average method.
Simple average = =
= 24
By the weighted mean method, Average = 20 + 30
= 12 + 12 = 24.
studentsofnumberTotal
studentsallofmarksofSum
2030
20303020
5
3
5
2

7. Example
The average of 11 results is 50. If the average of first 6 results is
49 and that of the last 6 is 52, find the 6th result.
(1) 48 (2) 50 (3) 60 (4) 56
Solution:
The sum of 11 results = 11 × 50 = 550
The sum of the first 6 results = 49 × 6 = 294
The sum of the last 6 results = 52 × 6 = 312
So the 6th result is = (294 + 312) – 550 = 56 Answer (4)

8. • If each number is increased / decreased by a certain quantity
n, then the mean also increases or decreases by the same
quantity.
Example:
If the average of x, y, and z is k. Then the average of x+2,
y+2, and z+2 is k+2.
Real Facts About Average

9. • If each number is multiplied/ divided by a certain quantity n,
then the mean also gets multiplied or divided by the same
quantity.
Example:
If the average of x, y, z is k, then average of 3x, 3y, 3z will be
3k
Real Facts About Average

10. • If the same value is added to half of the quantities and
same value is subtracted from other half quantities then
there will not be any change in the final value of the
average.
Example:
If the average of a, b, c, d is k, then average of a + x, b + x,
c – x, d – x is also k.
Real Facts About Average

11. • The average of the numbers which are in arithmetic
progression is the middle number or the average of the first
and last numbers.
Example:
The average of 10 consecutive numbers starting from 21 is
the average of 5th & 6th number, i.e. average of 25 and 26
which is 25.5
Example:
The average of 4, 7, 10, ……., 34 = = 19
2
344
Real Facts About Average

12. Example:
There are 30 consecutive numbers. What is the difference
between the averages of first 10 and the last 10 numbers?
Solution:
• The average of first 10 numbers is the average of 5th & 6th
numbers.Whereas
• the average of last 10 numbers is the average of 25th&26th numbers.
• Since all are consecutive numbers,25th number is 20 more than 5th
number.
• We can say that the average of last 10 numbers is 20 more than
the average of first 10 numbers.
• So, the required answer is 20.

13. Average Speed
If d1 & d2 are the distances covered at speeds v1 & v2 respectively
and the time taken are t1 & t2 respectively, then the average speed
over the entire distance (d1 + d2) is given by
takentimeTotal
eredcovcetandisTotal
Average Speed =
takentimeTotal
eredcovcetandisTotal
21
21
tt
dd
2
2
1
1
21
v
d
v
d
dd
TIP:
Average speed can never be double or more than double of
any of the two speeds.

14. # If both the time taken are equal i.e. t1 = t2 = t then
Average Speed
Average speed
2
vv 21
# If both the distances are equal i.e. d1 = d2 = d then,
Average speed
21
21
vv
vv2

15. 10060
100602
Example:
A man travels at a speed of 60 kmph on a journey from A to B
and returns at 100 kmph. Find his average speed for the
journey (in kmph).
(1) 80 (2) 72
(3) 75 (4) None of these
Solution:
Average speed = = 75 Answer (3)

16. Age of new entrant = New average + No of old members X
change in average.
Example
The average age of 30 boys of a class is equal to 14 years.
When the age of the class teacher is included the average
becomes 15 years. Find the age of the class teacher.
= 15+30(15-14) = 45 years.

17. • Age of one who left = New average – No. of old members X change in average.
• Example
• There are 50 boys in a class. Their average weight is 45 kg. When one boy
leaves the class, the average reduces by 100 gms. Find the weight of the boy
who left the class.
• = 44.9-50x(-0.1) = 44.9+5 = 49.9kg.

18. Age of new person = Age of the removed person + No. of
members x change in average.
Example
The average weight of 8 men is increased by 1.5 g. when one
of the men who weighs 65 kg is replaced by a new man. The
weight of the new man is:
= 65 + (8x1.5) = 65+12 = 77 kg.

19. • If there are two types of items say A and B ,
• A has m number of sub items and B has n number of sum items then
• the average of A and B is (Am+Bn)/(m+n)

20. Let the average age of men and women in a town be x years and
the average age of women be y years and
the average age of men be z years.
Then the number of men in that town is N(x-y)/(z-y)
where N indicates the total number of men and women of the town.

21. The average age of N persons is x years.
If one new person joins them.
Then the average age is increased by y years.
Then the age of new comer is x + (1 + N) y years

22. The average age of N persons is x years.
If M persons joins them, the average age is increased by y years
then the average age of newcomers is x+(1+(N/M)) y years

23. The average age of N persons is x years.
If M persons joins them, the average age is decreased by y years
then the average age of new comers is x-(1+(N/M)) y years

24. The average age of N persons is x years.
If M persons left, then the average age is increased by y years,
then the average age ofoutgoing persons is x+(1-(N/M)) y years.

25. The average age of N persons is x years.
If M persons left, then the average age is decreased by y years.
Then the average age of outgoing persons is x-(1-(N/M)) y years

26. In a group of N persons whose average age is increased by y years when a
person of x years is replaced by a new man.
Then the age of new comer is x + Ny years.

27. Thank you !!