Participation, Publication, Persistence & Platforms

ViBRANT
Virtual Biodiversity

ViBRANT

Publication, Persistence,
Platforms & Participation
Gregor Hagedorn
Julius Kühn-Institute (JKI)
Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics
Berlin, Germany

Published under Creative Commons by-sa 3.0 (unless marked otherwise)

ViBRANT

A not fully serious comparison:
 Taxonomy 1.0  Web 1.0 = Internet of interlinked
= Linnean Taxonomy, competing publishing sites: Private
Nomenclature, Printed homepages, Publishers (Springer,
Publications, Types Elsevier), Companies (Amazon,
 Taxonomy 1.1 Google, Yahoo)
= Digitally accessible “fact”
databases: EMBL/Genbank/BoL,
Species 2000, GBIF – Owned and
administered efforts
 Taxonomy 2.0  Web 2.0 = Platforms offering
= Moving publishing and creativity Collaboration and Service:
to the web, sharing and re-using Wikipedia, Blogsphere, Facebook,
content? etc.

ViBRANT

Publication
= make information
available to the public

To whom is clear.
Who did it and how is not defined

ViBRANT

Publication

Who did it = Important
Authorship, topics for
Creatorship,
Attribution,
ViBRANT
Responsibility, … but not
Bibliometry elaborated
/scientometry in this talk.
Copyright

ViBRANT

Publication

How was it published?
Books
Journals
Newspapers
Online

ViBRANT

Publication

(Raysonho & Carl Spitzweg Public Domain, Lin Kristensen cc by)

ViBRANT

Publication

(Unknown, Bundesarchiv cc by-sa 3.0)

ViBRANT

Publication

(Tasto, cc by-sa 3.0; Anonymous painter, Public Domain)

ViBRANT

Publication

Publications
may or may
not be persistent

ViBRANT

Publication

Online publications are
very much not persistent

ViBRANT

Publication

The White House, a Drupal site:

ViBRANT

Publication

(US Government Public Domain)

ViBRANT

Publication

very much not persistent.

Regression.

ViBRANT

Publication


Bug reports to
bugzilla.human-culture.org

ViBRANT

Publication


But of course:
Choice what to preserve ...
Practicality ...
Personality rights – right to forget ...

ViBRANT

Publication

ViBRANT

Publication

World wide web
BETA

2011

ViBRANT

Publication

How do most scientists
see online publications?

ViBRANT

Persistence

ViBRANT

Persistence
= reliable information
retrieval at a later time
= unchanged
= trust

ViBRANT

Persistence

Persistence:
= Paper and Libraries
= Digital formats and Libraries
(trying …)
= Other memory institutions

ViBRANT

Persistence

Commercial Persistence:
= as long as it sells
Not: out of print books, older
movies on DVD, web pages that
gain too little income.

ViBRANT

Persistence

Persistence on the web:
= Universities and Museums?
(usually they need to “move on”
– exceptions exist)

ViBRANT

Persistence

= Internet Archive?
(in part, but largely
a copyright violation)

ViBRANT

Persistence

= PDF?

ViBRANT

Persistence

= PDF?
A case of mimicry?
(false transfer
of properties
by similarity)

(Henry Walter Bates 1862, Public Domain)

ViBRANT

Persistence

Achieving persistence on the web:
= Legal license frameworks
= Shared platforms

ViBRANT

What is an
“Online-Publication”?

(Wolfgang Sauber, cc-by-sa 3.0, from Commons)

Goal: Like reliable, persistent copies in a library

(Jochen Jansen, cc-by-sa 3.0, from Commons)

Reality: Newspaper in shop window

(Rob Qld., cc-by, from Commons)

“To publish into the Internet” = Shop window.
Without license, online publishers are shop windows!

ViBRANT

Will the bread remain
behind glass panes?

ViBRANT

We need a better word for
“Online-Publication”!

ViBRANT

Part of the solution:

ViBRANT

Persistence

= Legal license frameworks
= Shared platforms

ViBRANT

Persistence

Shared platforms
• enough backing institutions
• a critical mass (and value) of content
Examples
• EDIT / Scratchpad / ViBRANT
• Wikimedia Foundation

ViBRANT

Persistence

Content rules!
(if function is good enough...)

ViBRANT

Persistence

Content rules!
Biodiversity Heritage Library is exciting!

ViBRANT

Persistence

EoL: no content, only function

ViBRANT: Content development,
publishing workflow
teaming with publishers

ViBRANT

Persistence

EoL: no content, only function

Similar to Google ?

Negative Allelopathy
between EoL and Google?

ViBRANT

Mortality

ViBRANT

Persistence – Philosophical aside

Since we are immortal …
and since it is really annoying if
someone changes the rules or drops
your work while we still live …
the private web site is really the safest
solution …

ViBRANT

Persistence – Philosophical aside

Problem for ViBRANT:
How to convince people they are mortal?

ViBRANT

Platforms

ViBRANT

Platforms
• Persistence (collaboration in persistence)
• Quality (collaboration in quality)
• Ease of publishing (distribution of work)
• Re-use of content (open content licenses)
• Technical synergies (infrastructure)

ViBRANT

Participation
• Organisations
• Authors
• Developers

Participation
• Organisations
• Authors
• Developers

ViBRANT

1. Platforms are brands

Brands can be shared

ViBRANT

Branded platforms can
ensure publishing esteem
• Journals do this
• Classical esteem by
respected previous works
• Citation index not practical
on individual works

ViBRANT

Journals do it.
Publishers do it.

(© ViBRANT FP7 Project, cc-by-NC-sa 3.0)

ViBRANT

ViBRANT SHOULD DO IT.

ViBRANT


ViBRANT

Worry:

ViBRANT


ViBRANT

Worry:

(© EDIT FP7 Project, cc-by-NC-sa 3.0)

ViBRANT

Scratchpads:
= Invisible Infrastructure

ViBRANT

With many visible, but fragmented
online “books” or “broschures” on top

ViBRANT

Danger of fragmentation:
Less attraction
No “must have, must learn”

ViBRANT

2. Publishing quality

ViBRANT

Participation and Publication Quality

Review on publication platforms
may be anonymous as in
classical print journals

Or: reviewers comment openly
– as in Open Review Journals

ViBRANT


Criticism is dangerous.
It can be seen as an attack.
It may sometimes even be wrong.
It may endanger future collaborations.

ViBRANT


Most German scientists have a criticism
inhibition – that is, it is difficult to
obtain honest criticism.

ViBRANT


Germans are impolite.

ViBRANT


→ Most non-German scientists
have a STRONG criticism inhibition?

ViBRANT


How to manage and express
anonymous review on publication
platforms?

Or rather: How to mix open
mass review with quality review?

ViBRANT

Publication Quality

Quality of publication depends on
1. authors’ qualification
2. authors’ pain cycles
3. quality review

ViBRANT

Publication Quality

Pain cycle in journal publishing:
1. Lead author writes and aggregates
2. Co-authors review the whole
3. Internal review by a colleague
4. Journal submission and review
5. Revisions, re-submission

ViBRANT

Publication Quality

Pain cycle in web self-publishing:
1. Lead author writes and aggregates
2. Co-authors review the whole
3. Internal review by a colleague
4. Journal submission and review
5. Revisions, re-submission
6. Ideally: mass-review …

ViBRANT

Platforms

What motivates to collaborate?
• Sharing work to reach goals beyond one’s own
resources
• Persistence of publishing action
• Credit as accepted publication
• Sense of co-ownership
• Sense of co-responsibility
• Interactions with colleagues: positive and
negative feedback

ViBRANT

Platforms

What motivates to not collaborate?
• Incompatible software frameworks
• Optimization for specialized use cases
• Commercial exploitation plans
• Publishing exploitation plans
• Funding rules (Shared platforms seen as
“previous projects”)
• Lack of trust
• Interactions with colleagues

ViBRANT

Technical and social
Analysis of
MediaWiki as a
Collaboration Platform

Wiki-centric = a Service Oriented Architecture

Wiki-centric = a Service Oriented Architecture

lorem ipsum lorem ipsum
lorem ipsum

[[Linking]]

[[:Category:Index]]
Standard web
Repository database rendering
Any
data entry
(laborious)
Creators:
Scientists &
Amateurs Advanced or
graphic reports
Analysis
Service

Specialized
tools Identification
Indexing database
(comfortable) and other
aka uBio, EoL ... J
query tools

Develop
Develop
Develop
Develop
Develop
Template
Develop
Extension Develop

© G. Hagedorn, cc-by-sa 3.0

ViBRANT

Shift power from developers to users!

ViBRANT

Shift power from developers to users!
Layers of participation in development:
Base software
Extensions
Templates
Content creation

ViBRANT

Wrap up

ViBRANT

Platforms overcome borders

Platforms

(Author: Ziegelbrenner,
cc by 2.5, from Commons)

ViBRANT

Platforms

• Individual borders in
a fragmented Europe
• Lots of tariffs
• Lots of currencies

Goal: “developing and
explaining the legal and
technical infrastructure
required to make “open”
work…”

(© creativecommons.org, CC by)

ViBRANT

Platforms

• No borders
• No tariffs
• No currencies

≠


→


CC-non-commercial most likely
excludes use by most
non-profit organisations


OK for: Private persons and
governmental institutions having
complete separate income


Use probably not allowed by
organisations the income of which
can increase as a result of their use
of CC non-commercial licensed
materials (text, media, etc.)


Even non-profit, wellfare and charitable
societies typically can have increased
income through increased membership,
admission (museum!) or course fees,
advertisement revenues, etc.


“Probably not allowed”
= not clearly defined in the license,
= studies made by Creative
Commons were inconclusive,
= waits for a court case!


ViBRANT

Set examples of open source.

BE A LION!
Use CC by or CC by-sa without a
non-commercial or
non-derivative clause

ViBRANT

Presently:
Content is not shared – re-use remains
largely limited to original authors.
Publication is typically made through
publishers claiming exclusive copyright.
Scientific data are lost in gray areas of
copyright.

ViBRANT

Envy the productivity achieved
in open source software development
(a community…)
Envy the productivity achieved
by Wikipedia
(a community…)
Use
licenses without a
“non-commercial”
clause for content.
(© creativecommons.org, CC by; Tambako the Jaguar, CC by 2.0, from Commons)

Participation, Publication, Persistence & Platforms

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