what is information? اطلاعات چیست؟ چرخه اطلاعات چیست؟

1. vansarksyan@gmail.com

2. Data:
- Data are raw facts and figures that on their own have
no meaning.
- It lacks meaning because it has no inherent structure;
no established relationships between entities.
Data Examples: Yes , No , 1 , 3 , 1231 , 76531 , Red.

3. Information:
- Data that has been processed within a context to
give it meaning.
- Data becomes information when we add meaning
by providing a context to the data.

4. Information Data Context Meaning= ++
Processing

5. • Accurate - conveys the true situation.
• Timely - is available in time to make decisions.
• Useable - is portrayed in common, easily understood formats and displays.
• Complete - provides all necessary data.
• Precise - has the required level of detail.
In short, information helps us decide what to do, not how to do it. The “how” requires
knowledge.

6. Knowledge:
- Knowledge is the data (facts), information, and skills
acquired through experience or education.
- Knowledge is the understanding of rules needed to interpret
information.
- the capability of understanding the relationship between
pieces of information and what to actually do with the
information.

7. Data: 4, 2 (without context, these value are meaningless)Data: 4, 2 (without context, these value are meaningless)
Information: Temperature 4°C, Dew Point 2°C (context adds
meaning)
Knowledge: A temperature of 4°C and a dew point of 2°C, together
with a rain, means that there is a chance of icing (connection
established).

8. Data: 4, 2 (without context, these value are meaningless)Data: 20, 18 , 19 , John (without context, these value are
meaningless)
Information:
Knowledge: The teacher can see that John’s results has a downward trend.
John’s average result of three tests are better than other students.
Name of Student Test 1 Test 2 Test 3
John 20 18 16
Thomas 11 17 18
Martin 10 16 19

10. Wisdom :
- 'Wisdom' is the ability to make correct
judgments and decisions.
- The quality of having experience,
knowledge, and good judgment; the quality
of being wise.

12. Where is the Life we have lost in living?
Where is the wisdom we have lost in knowledge?
Where is the knowledge we have lost in
information?
T.S. Eliot, "The Rock", Faber & Faber 1934.