This document discusses the analysis of voided and cellular bridge deck structures using the Midas-Civil software. It provides background on voided slab and cellular slab bridges, including their advantages and disadvantages. The literature review found that no previous studies have analyzed these deck types specifically using Midas-Civil. Therefore, the project aims to perform this analysis and compare the manual and Midas-Civil results. The schedule outlines initial manual analysis followed by modeling in Midas-Civil to validate the hand calculations.

1. Analysis of Voided and Cellular Bridge
Deck using Midas-Civil Software

2. TYPES OF BRIDGES
Beam Bridge
Basic Beam Bridge Actual Beam Bridge

3. 3
Slab Bridges
In slab bridges the deck itself is the structural frame
or the entire deck is a thin beam acting entirely as
one primary member. These types are used where
depth of structure is a critical factor.
Typical Slab Bridges : Concrete Box Culverts Solid Slabs Voided
Slabs

4. Classification According To SPAN
Small Span Bridges (up to 15m)
Medium Span Bridges (up to 50m)
Large Span Bridges (50-150m)
Extra Large ( Long ) Span Bridges (over 150m)

5. Small Span Bridges (up to 15m)
Culvert Bridge
Slab Bridges (Voided, Cellular etc)
T-Beam Bridge
Wood Beam Bridge
Pre-cast Concrete Box Beam Bridge
Pre-cast Concrete I-Beam Bridge
Rolled Steel Beam Bridge

6. Medium Span Bridges (up to 50m)
Pre-cast Concrete Box Beam & Pre-cast Concrete I-Beam
Composite Rolled Steel Beam Bridge
Composite Steel Plate Girder Bridge
Cast-in-place RCC Box Girder Bridge
Cast-in-place Post-Tensioned Concrete Box Girder
Composite Steel Box Girder

7. Large Span Bridges (50 to 150m)
Composite Steel Plate Girder Bridge
Cast-in-place Post-Tensioned concrete Box Girder
Post-Tensioned Concrete Segmental Construction
Concrete Arch and Steel Arch
Extra Large (Long) Span Bridges
(Over 150m)
Cable Stayed Bridge
Suspension Bridge

8. Classification According To Structural Arrangement
•Main Structure Below the Deck Line
•Main Structure Above the Deck Line
•Main Structure coincides with the Deck Line
The classification of the bridge types can also be according
to the location of the main structure elements relative to
the surface on which the user travels, as follows:

9. Main Structure Below the Deck Line
Arch Bridge
Masonry Arch
Concrete Arch
Inclined Leg Frame Arch
Rigid Frame Arch
Truss-Arch Bridge
Steel Truss-Arch
Steel Deck Truss

10. Main Structure Coincides with the Deck Line
Girder Bridge
Slab (solid and voided)
T-Beam (cast-in-place)
I-beam (pre-cast or pre-stressed
Wide-flange beam (composite & non- composite
Concrete Box (cast-in-place, segmental & pre-
stressed
Steel Plate Girder (straight & haunched)
Steel box (Orthotropic deck)

11. Main Structure Above the Deck Line
Suspension Bridges
Cable Stayed Bridges
Through-Truss Bridge

12. Shallowsuperstructure bridges include:
• Slab bridges
• Voided Slab Bridges, Including Multi-cell Box Girders With Sufficient
Diaphragms
• slab-on-girders
• steel grid deck-on-girders
• wood deck-on-girders
• wood deck on longitudinal wood beams
• stress-laminated wood deck bridges spanning longitudinally
• longitudinal nail-laminated wood deck bridges
• longitudinal laminates of wood-concrete composite decks
• shear-connected beam bridges in which the interconnection of adjacent beams is
such as to provide continuity of transverse flexural rigidity across the cross-section

13. Various Topics on Bridge from Journals:-
I. Indian Concrete journal :-
1. ICJ Journal Dec-2013 Vol.87 No.12 Page 46
Effect of skew angle on longitudinal girder( Support Shear, Moment , Torsion) and deck slab of
an IRC Skew bridge
2. ICJ Journal Jun-2013 Vol.87 No.02
Factors affecting priority of maintenance for Bridges
II. Journal of structural Engineering:-
1. Journal of Structural Engineering Oct-Nov-13 Vol.40 No.04
a. Dynamic amplification factors induced by moving traffic over bridges
b. Quasi-static approach has been adopted by various bridge design to account for these
dynamic effects. This is done by scaling the required bridge response quantity (Bending
moment and shear forces)
Literature Review

14. Various Topics on Bridge from Journals:- Contd.
III. Journal of Indian Highways :-
1. Journal of Indian Highways Dec-13 Vol.41 No.12
a. A study on response spectrum and time history analysis methods for seismic analysis of
prestressed concrete bridges.
2. Journal of Indian Highways Mar-13 Vol.41 No.03
a. Movement of Overweight & Over Dimensional Consignment.
Literature Review

15. Various Topics on Bridge from Journals:- Contd.
IV . International Journal of Civil Engineering & Technology (IJCIET)
1. Comparative Analysis Of Box Girder Bridge With Two Different Codes
IJCIET Vol : 4 Issue : 3 pages 111 – 120
2. Estimation Of Bridge Pier Scour For Clear Water & Live Bed Scour Condition
IJCIET Vol : 4 Issue : 3 pages 92 – 97
3. Experimental investigation on glass fibre reinforced plastic bridge decks subjected to static
and fatigue loading
IJCIET Vol : 4 Issue : 2 pages 321 - 331

16. Various Topics on Bridge from Journals:- Contd.
V. International journal of Advanced Research in Engineering & Technology (IJARET)
1. Comparative Analysis And Design Of Box Girder Bridge Sub-Structure With Two Different
Codes IJARET Vol : 4 Issue : 5 Pages 134 - 139

17. Various Bridge Engineering Softwares used in past:
WinBDS
WinBDS analyzes or designs orthogonal bridge frames and is applicable to the majority of
concrete bridges being designed today. Visit Imbsen & Associates, Inc. website.
UniBear 1.2 for Windows
UniBear performs analysis based on Working Stress, Limit States per OHBDC 1991, Load
Factor per AASHTO 1992, and Partial Factor per European codes. Visit UniSoft website.
Steel Bridge Design and Rating
A girder system analysis and rating program. It can be used for either girder system design
projects or linear girder design projects. Visit MDX Software website.

18. Various Bridge Engineering Softwares used in past: - Contd
STLBRIDGE
STLBRIDGE is a continuous steel bridge analysis and design software package for use in
the design of steel plate girder and wide flange bridges conforming to AASHTO Standard
Specifications for Highway Bridges. Visit BridgeSoft website.
PENTAGON-Bridge
PENTAGON-Bridge has comprehensive analysis facilities to design all types of bridge
design from simple grillages to complex cable stayed and suspension bridges. PENTAGON-
Bridge searches the worst position and the worst combination of loads for specified
variables such as moment, shear, stress, support reaction etc at a given location in a bridge
deck or a structure [...]
GEOPAK Bridge
Bridge supports your 3D geometric modeling and production of plans for complex,
multilevel, interchange bridges and simple span bridges alike. Multiple bridge types can be
included in the same design file, from which finish-grade elevations, beam-seat elevations,
and quantities can be computed. Visit GEOPACK website.

19. LUSAS Bridge
LUSAS Bridge contains a comprehensive range of engineering analysis facilities to cater for
all types of bridge design. The features include work to design codes, nonlinear analysis,
seismic & dynamic analysis, advanced analysis, soil-structure interaction. Visit LUSAS
website.
GEOMATH
GEOMATH is the comprehensive tool specifically designed for bridge layout and the
solution of associated geometry. GEOMATH can handle cases ranging from simple single-
span bridges to complex multi-span bridges. Visit LEAP Software, Inc. website.
EnBeamC 6.0
EnBeamC is a state-of-the-art program for the design and analysis of precast, prestressed
concrete bridges girders made continuous by adding a composite slab with a diaphragm
over the bridge piers. EnBeamC conforms to the ’97 AASHTO Standard Specifications for
Bridges. Visit Ensoft, Inc. website.
CONSYS 2000
CONSYS 2000 is a Windows tool for the analysis of live loads and static loads on single-
span and multi-span bridges. CONSYS 2000 is capable of handling both LRFD and
AASHTO Standard as well as U.S. and metric units. You can select graphical
representations of the loads on-screen with your mouse. Visit LEAP Software, Inc. [...]
Various Bridge Engineering Softwares used in past: - Contd

20. Midas – Civil
midas Civil is the ultimate Integrated Civil Engineering Solution for designing bridges and
general civil structures. It retains construction stage analysis capabilities for
Prestressed/Post-tensioned concrete, Suspension, Cable Stayed, Specialty and
Conventional bridges and Heat of hydration.
Present Bridge Engineering Softwares
SAP-2000
The SAP name has been synonymous with state-of-the-art analytical methods since its
introduction over 30 years ago. SAP2000 follows in the same tradition featuring a very
sophisticated, intuitive and versatile user interface powered by an unmatched analysis
engine and design tools for engineers working on transportation, industrial, public works,
sports, and other facilities.
STRAP- The Structural Analysis Program
Strap is a the most comprehensive structural analysis system for Frame Analysis, Finite
Elements, Steel Design, RC Design, Post tensioning Detailing, Use it for frames, slabs,
shells, tanks, towers, bridges....

21. Idea for Topic - Title
From the References found from Journals on Topic Bridge –
• Comparision of Analysis of Bridge Using Softwares:-
• Comparision of Decks – RCC
• Comparision of RCC & Steel
• Suitability and constructability
• Limitations of Curvature in bridges
• Vibration test on wooden pedestrian deck arch bridge
• Analysis using different types of bearings
• Analysis using bearing position under bridge deck on pier
Selected Analysis of Voided Slab and Cellular Slab Deck

22. Conclusion found from Journals
• No Body Have Done Analysis of Voided Slab and Cellular
structures.
• So I Have decided to do my project on
Analysis of Voided and Cellular
Bridge Deck using Midas-Civil
Software

23. LITERATURE REVIEWON Bridge ENGG SOFTWARES
• Midas-Civil are the present day leading design bridge
software in the market. Many design companies use
these software for their project design purposes.
So, this project mainly deals with the Analysis and
design of a Bridge deck structures of voided slab
and cellular slab using Midas-Civil software.

24. LITERATURE REVIEWON VOIDEDSLAB& CELLULAR SLAB
After Searching in Web and Available Journals “Analysis of voided slab and cellular slab”
has not yet done either manually or by using software by any engineer/research
associate in the recent years. So I want to do comparative analysis of voided slab &
cellular slab by using Midas-Civil software.

25. LITERATURE REVIEWON SOFTWARE
Analysis using software “Midas-Civil” has not yet done by any
engineer/research associate in the recent years for the Analysis of Deck
Slab. So I want to select this software to complete my project.

26. VoidedSlab & Cellular slab
• Voided slabs are mainly used to decrease the overall weight but as
much as 35% when compared to a solid slab of the same capacity.
• When the void diameter is less than about 60 % of slab depth, it is
common practice to model the voided slab using the same methods
as are used for solid slab decks. On the other hand, when the void
diameter exceeds about 60% the behavior becomes more “cellular”.
• Cellular decks are characterized by the distortional behavior can be
modeled using a conventional grillage or FE methods known as
“Shear flexible” grillage of FE.

27. ADVANTAGES OF VOIDED SLAB
1. Increased load capacity
2. Larger spans without beams
3. Larger open floor areas
4. Earthquake resistance
5. Resource efficiency
6. Biaxial loads reduces deflection
7. Cost Saving
8. Savings on Exterior Painting & Finishing

28. DISADVANTAGES OF VOIDEDSLAB
1. Difficulty in construction
2. Requires skilled labour

29. 29
Solid Slab
Voided Slab Bridge

30. 30
Voided Slab Bridge

31. VOIDED DECK SLAB BRIDGE

32. cellular DECK & voided deck

33. Methods of Analysis of deck-
1. The Grillage Analogy Method
2. Orthotropic Plate Method
3. Articulated Plate Theory
4. The Finite Element Method

34. SCHEDULE OF PROJECT
1. Doing Manual Analysis of Voided Slab and Cellular Slab
2. Comparison with Civil-Midas Software