UXSG2014 Lightning Talks - Selfish accessibility (Adrian Roselli)

1. Selfish Accessibility Presented by Adrian Roselli for UX Singapore 2014 #uxsg

2. About Adrian Roselli • Co-‐wriDen four books. • Technical editor for two books. • WriDen over fiJy arKcles, most recently for .net Magazine and Web Standards Sherpa. Great bedKme reading!

3. About Adrian Roselli • Member of W3C HTML Working Group, W3C Accessibility Task Force, five W3C Community Groups. • Building for the web since 1994. • Founder, owner at Algonquin Studios (AlgonquinStudios.com). • Learn more at AdrianRoselli.com. • Avoid on TwiDer @aardrian. I warned you.

4. What is a11y? • A numeronym for “accessibility”: • The first and last leDer, • The number of characters omiDed. • Prominent on TwiDer (character restricKons): • #a11y • Examples: • l10n → localizaKon • i18n → internaKonalizaKon Ain’t language funsies?

5. Accessibility Gets No Respect “Cyberspace” (gray) “Lime Rickey” (green) “Online” (blue) In fairness, Sherman Williams needs to come up with a lot of color names...

6. Accessibility Gets No Respect …however I think the team could have done beDer than this.

7. What We’ll Cover • Boring StaKsKcs • How to Be Selfish • Basic Tests • Some Techniques • QuesKons (ongoing!) Work with me, people.

8. Boring StaKsKcs 1 of 4 secKons.

9. Any Disability • In the United States: • 10.4% aged 21-‐64 years old, • 25% aged 65-‐74 years old, • 50% aged 75+. • Includes: • Visual • Hearing • Mobility • CogniKve hDp://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs282/en/ hDp://www.disabilitystaKsKcs.org/reports/2012/English/HTML/report2012.cfm?fips=2000000&html_year=2012

10. Vision Impairments • 285 million worldwide: • 39 million are blind, • 246 million have low vision, • 82% of people living with blindness are aged 50 and above. • 1.8% of Americans aged 21-‐64. • 4.0% of Americans aged 65-‐74. • 9.8% of Americans aged 75+. hDp://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs282/en/ hDp://www.disabilitystaKsKcs.org/reports/2012/English/HTML/report2012.cfm?fips=2000000&html_year=2012

11. Hearing Impairments • 360 million people worldwide have disabling hearing loss. • 17% (36 million) of American adults report some degree of hearing loss: • 18% aged 45-‐64 years old, • 30% aged 65-‐74 years old, • 47% aged 75+ years old. hDp://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs300/en/ hDps://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/staKsKcs/Pages/quick.aspx

12. Mobility Impairments • In the United States: • 5.5% aged 21-‐64 years old. • 15.6% aged 65-‐74 years old. • 32.9% aged 75+. hDp://www.disabilitystaKsKcs.org/reports/2012/English/HTML/report2012.cfm?fips=2000000&html_year=2012

13. CogniKve Impairments • Dyslexia, • Dyscalculia, • Memory issues, • DistracKons (ADD, ADHD), • In the United States: • 4.3% aged 21-‐64 years old. • 5.4% aged 65-‐74 years old. • 14.4% aged 75+. hDp://www.disabilitystaKsKcs.org/reports/2012/English/HTML/report2012.cfm?fips=2000000&html_year=2012&subBuDon=Get+HTML

14. How to Be Selfish 2 of 4 secKons.

15. WebAIM’s Hierarchy for MoKvaKng Accessibility Change hDp://webaim.org/blog/moKvaKng-‐accessibility-‐change/

16. My Hierarchy for MoKvaKng Accessibility Change Is beDer, no?

17. Getng Older • Affects (nearly) everyone, • Carries risks and side effects, • Is not for the young. I’m sKll experimenKng with it.

18. Rising Damp on Flickr.

19. Darren Baldwin on Flickr.

20. Accidents • Broken limbs, • Eye injuries, • Hearing injuries, • Head trauma. All of these have happened to me, mulKple Kmes.

21. James Lee on Flickr.

22. Rev Stan on Flickr.

23. Let Ideas Compete on Flickr.

24. Fluffy Steve on Flickr.

25. Paul Townsend on Flickr.

26. But I’m Invincible! • MulK-‐tasking, • Sunlight, • EaKng at your desk, • No headphones handy, • Content is not in your naKve language. The sun is trying to kill me.

27. hDps://twiDer.com/aardrian/statuses/388733408576159744

28. Shawn Liu on Flickr.

29. Bitznbitez on Flickr.

30. Mariëlle on Flickr.

31. barockschloss on Flickr.

32. Seb on Flickr.

33. A.Davy on Flickr.

34. Raul Lieberwirth on Flickr.

35. Tim Norris on Flickr.

36. Steve Rhodes on Flickr.

37. SuperFantasKc on Flickr.

38. Jacob Enos on Flickr.

39. World Bank Photo CollecKon on Flickr.

40. Lars KrisKan Flem on Flickr.

41. Tech Support • Think of your family! • Think of your Kme spent helping them! • Think of the wasted holidays! This is why we hate the holidays.

42. Robert Simmons on Flickr.

43. The Message • SupporKng accessibility now helps to serve future you. There is no try.

44. The Message • SupporKng accessibility now helps to serve future you. • SupporKng accessibility now helps injured you, encumbered you. There is no try.

45. The Message • SupporKng accessibility now helps to serve future you. • SupporKng accessibility now helps injured you, encumbered you. • Getng younger developers to buy in helps future you – if you teach them well. There is no try.

46. Basic Tests 3 of 4 secKons.

47. Click on Field Labels • When you click label text next to a text box, does the cursor appear in the field? • When you click label text next to a radio / checkbox, does it get toggled? • When you click label text next to a select menu, does it get focus? hDp://www.karlgroves.com/2013/09/05/the-‐6-‐simplest-‐web-‐accessibility-‐tests-‐anyone-‐can-‐do/

48. Unplug Your Mouse • Turn off your trackpad, sKck, trackball, etc. • Can you interact with all controls (links, menus, forms) with only the keyboard? • Can you tell which item has focus? • Does the tab order match your expectaKon? hDp://www.karlgroves.com/2013/09/05/the-‐6-‐simplest-‐web-‐accessibility-‐tests-‐anyone-‐can-‐do/

49. Turn off Images • Can you sKll make sense of the page? • Is content missing? • Can you sKll use the site? • Is your alt text useful? hDp://www.karlgroves.com/2013/09/05/the-‐6-‐simplest-‐web-‐accessibility-‐tests-‐anyone-‐can-‐do/

50. Turn on High Contrast Mode • Windows only. • Background images and colors are replaced. • Text colors are replaced. • Does this make your site unusable? hDp://www.karlgroves.com/2013/09/05/the-‐6-‐simplest-‐web-‐accessibility-‐tests-‐anyone-‐can-‐do/ hDp://blog.adrianroselli.com/2012/08/css-‐background-‐images-‐high-‐contrast-‐mode.html

51. Turn off CSS • Does important content or funcKonality disappear? • Do error messages or other items that rely on visual cues make sense? • Is content sKll in a reasonable order? • Do any styles (colors, text effects, etc.) remain? hDp://www.karlgroves.com/2013/09/05/the-‐6-‐simplest-‐web-‐accessibility-‐tests-‐anyone-‐can-‐do/

52. Test for Colorblindness/Contrast • Is there enough contrast? • Are hyperlinks, menus, etc. sKll visible? • Tools: • Chrome Color Contrast Analyzer • Lea Verou’s Contrast RaKo • WebAIM Color Contrast Checker • CheckMyColours.com hDp://www.inpixelitrust.fr/blog/en/Kps-‐create-‐accessible-‐color-‐paleDe/ hDp://alistapart.com/blog/post/easy-‐color-‐contrast-‐tesKng

53. Protanopia

54. Deuteranopia

55. Tritanopia

56. Look for CapKons & Transcripts • Do video/audio clips have text alternaKves? • Are links to closed-‐capKons or transcripts built into the player or separate text links? • Is there an audio descripKon available? • Tools: • Media Access Australia YouTube capKoning tutorial, Vimeo capKoning tutorial, • Tiffany Brown’s WebVTT tutorial, • DIY Resources for Closed CapKoning and TranscripKon from 3 Play Media. hDp://webaim.org/techniques/capKons/

57. hDps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zCqN_cCLnnk

58. Hyperlinks! • Is there any “click here,” “more,” “link to…”? hDp://www.sitepoint.com/15-‐rules-‐making-‐accessible-‐links/

59. Hyperlinks! • Is there any “click here,” “more,” “link to…”? • Are you using all-‐caps, URLs, emoKcons? hDp://www.sitepoint.com/15-‐rules-‐making-‐accessible-‐links/

60. Hyperlinks! • Is there any “click here,” “more,” “link to…”? • Are you using all-‐caps, URLs, emoKcons? • Do you warn before opening new windows? hDp://www.sitepoint.com/15-‐rules-‐making-‐accessible-‐links/

61. Hyperlinks! • Is there any “click here,” “more,” “link to…”? • Are you using all-‐caps, URLs, emoKcons? • Do you warn before opening new windows? • Do links to downloads provide helpful info? hDp://www.sitepoint.com/15-‐rules-‐making-‐accessible-‐links/

62. Hyperlinks! • Is there any “click here,” “more,” “link to…”? • Are you using all-‐caps, URLs, emoKcons? • Do you warn before opening new windows? • Do links to downloads provide helpful info? • Are you using paginaKon links? hDp://www.sitepoint.com/15-‐rules-‐making-‐accessible-‐links/

63. Hyperlinks! • Is there any “click here,” “more,” “link to…”? • Are you using all-‐caps, URLs, emoKcons? • Do you warn before opening new windows? • Do links to downloads provide helpful info? • Are you using paginaKon links? • Are your links underlined (or otherwise obvious)? hDp://www.sitepoint.com/15-‐rules-‐making-‐accessible-‐links/

64. Hyperlinks! • Is there any “click here,” “more,” “link to…”? • Are you using all-‐caps, URLs, emoKcons? • Do you warn before opening new windows? • Do links to downloads provide helpful info? • Are you using paginaKon links? • Are your links underlined (or otherwise obvious)? • Is there alt text for image links? hDp://www.sitepoint.com/15-‐rules-‐making-‐accessible-‐links/

65. Hyperlinks! • Is there any “click here,” “more,” “link to…”? • Are you using all-‐caps, URLs, emoKcons? • Do you warn before opening new windows? • Do links to downloads provide helpful info? • Are you using paginaKon links? • Are your links underlined (or otherwise obvious)? • Is there alt text for image links? • Is the link text consistent? hDp://www.sitepoint.com/15-‐rules-‐making-‐accessible-‐links/

66. hDp://blog.adrianroselli.com/2014/03/i-‐dont-‐care-‐what-‐google-‐did-‐just-‐keep.html

67. Some Techniques 4 of 4 secKons.

68. Checklist • Accessibility is not a checklist. hDp://accessibility.net.nz/blog/the-‐problems-‐with-‐ramps-‐blended-‐into-‐stairs/

69. Checklist • Accessibility is not a checklist. • Accessibility is an ongoing process. Some might call it a conKnuum. Some.

70. Stairamp hDp://accessibility.net.nz/blog/the-‐problems-‐with-‐ramps-‐blended-‐into-‐stairs/ Dean Bouchard on Flickr

71. User Stories • Components: • User, • Outcome, • Value. • WriKng: • As user, I want outcome. • As user, I want outcome so that value. • In order to get value as user, I want outcome. How to Write User Stories for Web Accessibility

72. Selfish User Stories • As a user on a sun-‐lit pa=o, I want to be able to read the content and see the controls. Add beer and as a user I may have trouble focusing.

73. Selfish User Stories • As a user in bed with a sleeping spouse, I want to watch a training video in silence so that I can get caught up at work. As a user who doesn’t want to get punched for having slacked off at work.

74. Selfish User Stories • In order to click links as a user with no elbow room in coach class with a =ny trackpad, I want click areas to be large enough and adequately spaced. As a user in coach class who also paid too much for the drink he’s spilling on his keyboard.

75. Selfish User Stories • As a user distracted by the TV, I want clear headings and labels so that I don’t lose my place. As a user who really should be finishing his work in the office.

76. User Stories • Physical Impairment • As a keyboard-‐only user, I want to be able to use the en=re applica=on. This includes seeing what has focus and not getng lost in off-‐screen elements.

77. User Stories • Physical Impairment • As a keyboard-‐only user, I want to be able to use the en=re applica=on. • As a keyboard-‐only user, I want to navigate a product list with the tab key so that I can find the right op=on. Arrow keys are acceptable as well, making sure that it is clear to the user.

78. User Stories • Physical Impairment • As a keyboard-‐only user, I want to be able to use the en=re applica=on. • As a keyboard-‐only user, I want to navigate a product list with the tab key so that I can find the right op=on. • In order to click links as a limited-‐mobility user, I want click areas to be large enough and adequately spaced. Else I may click the wrong item and have to hit the back buDon, which can be Kme consuming.

79. User Stories • Visual Impairment • As a color blind user, I want to be able to see links in page content. Underlines are important, but users also like to know what they clicked already.

80. User Stories • Visual Impairment • As a color blind user, I want to be able to see links in page content. • As a low-‐vision user, I want to zoom the page so that I can read the content. Without the text overlapping itself or every other item on the page.

81. User Stories • Visual Impairment • As a color blind user, I want to be able to see links in page content. • As a low-‐vision user, I want to zoom the page so that I can read the content. • In order to use the site as a blind user, I want to use a screen reader to navigate. Good headings, clear structure, landmark roles to jump around the page.

82. User Stories • Hearing Impairment • As a low-‐hearing user, I want to be able to access transcripts. From a clear link, not through some acrobaKcs to find them.

83. User Stories • Hearing Impairment • As a low-‐hearing user, I want to be able to access transcripts. • As a low-‐hearing user, I want access to closed cap=ons so that I can use training videos. Timed to match the video is important.

84. User Stories • Hearing Impairment • As a low-‐hearing user, I want to be able to access transcripts. • As a low-‐hearing user, I want access to closed cap=ons so that I can use training videos. • In order to par=cipate in a webinar as a deaf user, I want real-‐=me cap=oning or transcripts. This can be tricky, since you’ll need to have a resource typing in real-‐Kme.

85. User Stories • CogniKve Impairment • As a user with a ves=bular disorder, I want to be able to disable parallax scrolling. But you don’t just use it for no reason, right?

86. User Stories • CogniKve Impairment • As a user with a ves=bular disorder, I want to be able to disable parallax scrolling. • As a user with dyscalculia, I want dis=nct number fields for each block of digits in a credit card number so that I can purchase a product. You can auto-‐detect card type. Do the same for expiraKon date.

87. User Stories • CogniKve Impairment • As a user with a ves=bular disorder, I want to be able to disable parallax scrolling. • As a user with dyscalculia, I want dis=nct number fields for each block of digits in a credit card number so that I can purchase a product. • In order to not get confused on pages with long text passages as a user with dyslexia, I want control over text size, spacing, and/or alignment. At the very least, turn of jusKfied text.

88. Personas Adrian • Works when he should be relaxing, relaxes when he should be working. • Lives between motorcycles. • Works late at night with the TV on. • Uses sub-‐Ktles in Ne}lix. • Keeps all screens as dark as possible. That photo is from official ID.

89. Personas Book Excerpt: A Web for Everyone, by Sarah Horton, Whitney Quesenbery

90. Manifesto for Accessible UX • Coming Soon! (The Paciello Group) • Looking to these examples: • Lean UX Manifesto • Manifesto for Agile SoMware Development • UK Gov. Data Services Design Principles Watch this space: hDp://www.paciellogroup.com/blog/2014/08/developing-‐a-‐manifesto-‐for-‐accessible-‐ux/

91. Accessible Design Maturity ConKnuum • Coming Soon! (The Paciello Group) • VariaKon on Jess McMullin’s Rough Design Maturity ConKnuum: 1. No Conscious Design, 2. Style, 3. FuncKon and Form, 4. Problem Solving, 5. Framing. Watch this space: hDp://www.paciellogroup.com/blog/2014/06/accessibility-‐maturity-‐conKnuum/

92. QuesKons This isn’t a secKon, you should have been asking all along.

93. Resources • Web Accessibility and Older People: Mee=ng the Needs of Ageing Web Users hDp://www.w3.org/WAI/older-‐users/Overview.php • Easy Checks -‐ A First Review of Web Accessibility hDp://www.w3.org/WAI/eval/preliminary • How People with Disabili=es Use the Web: Overview hDp://www.w3.org/WAI/intro/people-‐use-‐web/ Overview.html In addiKon to the gems I’ve sprinkled throughout.

94. Resources • 2.11 ARIA Role, State, and Property Quick Reference hDp://www.w3.org/TR/aria-‐in-‐html/#aria-‐role-‐ state-‐and-‐property-‐quick-‐reference • 2.12 Defini=ons of States and Proper=es (all aria-‐* a^ributes) hDp://www.w3.org/TR/aria-‐in-‐html/#definiKons-‐of-‐ states-‐and-‐properKes-‐all-‐aria-‐-‐aDributes In addiKon to the gems I’ve sprinkled throughout.

95. Resources • a11yTips hDp://dboudreau.tumblr.com/ • How to Write User Stories for Web Accessibility hDp://www.interacKveaccessibility.com/blog/how-‐ write-‐user-‐stories-‐accessibility-‐requirements • Book Excerpt: A Web for Everyone hDp://uxmag.com/arKcles/book-‐excerpt-‐a-‐web-‐for-‐ everyone In addiKon to the gems I’ve sprinkled throughout.

96. Selfish Accessibility Presented by Adrian Roselli for UX Singapore 2014 Slides from this talk will be available at hDp://rosel.li/uxsg My thanks and apologies.

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