2. Proposed by the Secretary of State Charles Evans Hughes.
An attempt to prevent the naval armaments race between America,
Britain, and Japan by reducing dramatically the fleets of the 3 nations
and a 10-year suspension on constructing of large warships.
Limits for total naval tonnage and a ratio of armaments.
Nations: U.S., Great Britain, France, Italy and Japan
Pledging a continuation of the Open Door policy
in China
The respect of one another’s Pacific territories and cooperate to prevent
aggression
Nations: U.S., Great Britain, France, and Japan
3. The Dawes Plan
Responded to the economic crisis in Germany
In 1924, Charles G. Dawes, an American banker, negotiated an
agreement under which American banks would provide
enormous loans to the Germans to help them to pay for their
reparations.
In return, Britain and France would agree to reduce the amount
of those payment.
Dawes won the Nobel Peace Prize for his plan.
The Plan was accepted by Germany and the Triple Entente and
went into effect in September 1924.
Result:
Short term economic benefits to the German economy.
Softened the burdens of war reparations, stabilized the currency,
and brought increased foreign investments and loans to the
German market.
4. Result of the Dawes Plan (cont.)
Led to a circular pattern in international finance.
German economy became dependent on foreign markets and
economies and therefore problems with the U.S. economy
(e.g. the Great Depression) would later severely hurt Germany
as it did the rest of the western world, which was subject to
debt repayments for loans of American dollars.
Led to the creation of the Young Plan in 1929.
The Young Plan
Was written in 1929 and formally adopted in 1930.
Presented by the committee headed (1929-30) by American
Owen D. Young.
It reduced further payments to 112 billion Gold Marks, US $8
billion in 1929 (US $108 billion) over a period of 59 years
(1988).
It divided the annual payment, set at two billion Gold Marks
(US $473 million.
5.
6. Economic expansion in Latin America:
U.S. investments in Latin America more than doubled between 1924
and 1929.
American corporations built roads and other facilities in many areas.
American banks were offering large loans to Latin American
government.
Good Neighbor Policy:
With A Good Neighbor Policy US reassuring Mexico and other Latin
American countries that it would not intervene in their domestic
matters.
Latin America was one of the most important targets of the new policy
of trade reciprocity.
It created a new American attitude toward intervention: In 1933 at the
Inter-American Conference in Montevideo, Secretary of State Hull
signed a formal conference declaring: “No state has the right to
intervene in the internal or external affairs of another.”
Instead of to use military force to compel Latin American governments
to repay debts, the new reliance on economic pressures eased tensions
between the United States and its neighbor.
7. In 1927, French foreign minister Aristide Briand asked the
US to join an alliance against Germany and proposed a
peace pact to outlaw between the U.S. and France.
Frank B. Kellogg, the U.S. Secretary of State, responded
with a proposal for a multilateral pact against war open for
all nations.
Significance:
Renounced war, prohibiting the use of war as “an instrument
of national policy.”
Called upon signatories to settle their disputes by peaceful
means.
Served as the legal basis for the creation of the notion of
crime against peace.
Signed in Paris on August 28, 1928 by 14 nations, later
joined by 48 other nations.
