3. In what way does planning control the future? Planning controls the future because through planning people identify what they want to happen in the future and what they must do to make the events happen.
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20. STEPS IN ORGANIZING DIVISION OF WORK CLASSIFICATION OF ACTIVITIES APPOINTING SUITABLE PERSONS DELEGATION OF AUTHORITY
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30. Formal vs. Informal criterion formal informal origin planned spontaneous Purpose Well defined goals Social interaction structure Well structured unstructured nature official unofficial focus positions persons leadership superior Anyone Sources of power delegated Given by group control reward sanctions
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33. Authority vs. Responsibility Meaning Basis Delegation Duration superior to command the subordinate formally or legally delegated from a superior to a subordinate It may continue for a long period Obligation of a subordinate to perform an assigned task Superior – subordinate relationship Cannot be delegated Over when task is completed AUTHORITY RESPONSIBILITY CRITERION
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42. Departmentation by Functions Chairman Managing Director Marketing Production Finance Quality control Processing materials Repairs & maintenance
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44. By Product chairman MD Plastic division Chemicals division Metals division Finance Production Sales Personnel
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46. By Territory Chairman MD Northern region Western region Central region Eastern region Southern region Branch 1 Branch 2 Branch 3
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48. By Customers Chairman MD Finance Marketing Production Personnel Wholesale Exports Retail
53. Controlling It is the measurement and correction of performance in order to make sure that organisation’s objectives and the plans devised to attain them are being accomplished
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77. COST & REVENUE UNITS OF PRODUCTION FIXED COSTS SALES TOTAL COSTS LOSS PROFIT BEP
![PLANNING ,[object Object]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/management-100927224926-phpapp02/85/Management-1-320.jpg)
![Planning ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],1-9](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)