biomass and energy

1. SEMINAR ON:
BIOMASS ENERGY
Presented to: Ms. Bondita Robidas (Asst. Professor, DUIET)
PRESENTERS:
NABAJIT DAS (CSE 32-14) SAUMAY PAUL (CSE 50-14)
NILUTPAL SONOWAL (CSE 34-14) SAHIL HUSSAIN (CSE 51-14)
SASWATI BHATTACHARYYA (CSE 49-14) NISHA SINGH (CSE 50-14)
DIBRUGARH UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

2. OUTLINES:
1. INTRODUCTION
2. EXTRACTION OF BIOMASS
3. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
4. BIOMASS IN INDIA : HISTORY
5. APPLICATIONS OF BIOMASS ENERGY
6. CONCLUSION

3. INTRODUCTION
Biomass means all organic matter produced
by photosynthesis , existing on the earth’s
surface .
Biomass energy is a renewable and
sustainable source of energy derived from
organic matter and can be used to generate
electricity and other forms of power.

4. EXTRACTION OF BIOMASS
Different Methods:-
Direct Combustion
 Simplest method of extracting energy from biomass.
 Biomass is burned to produce steam, the steam turns a
turbine and the turbine drives a generator, producing
electricity.
 It has a very low efficiency . With open fire most of the
heat is wasted and is not used to cook or whatever.

5. EXTRACTION OF BIOMASS
Gasification
 a process that exposes a solid fuel to high temperatures and
limited oxygen, to produce a gaseous fuel.
 The gas produced by the process is a mix of gases such as
carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, hydrogen, and
methane.
 The gas is then used to drive a high efficiency, combined-cycle
gas turbine.
 Advantages: one of the resultant gases, methane, can be
treated in a similar way as natural gas, and used for the same
purposes.
 It produces a fuel that has had many impurities removed and
could therefore cause fewer pollution problems when burnt.
 it can also produce synthesis gas; used to make hydrocarbon.

6. EXTRACTION OF BIOMASS
Pyrolysis
 heating the biomass to drive off the volatile matter and
leaving behind the charcoal
 This process has doubled the energy density of the
original material
 The charcoal also burns at a much higher temperature
than the original biomass, making it more useful for
manufacturing processes.
 techniques are developed recently to collect volatiles that
are otherwise lost to the system.
 Flash pyrolysis is used to produce bio-crude, a
combustible fuel.
 Heat is used to chemically convert biomass into pyrolysis
oil, which becomes easier to transport.

7. EXTRACTION OF BIOMASS
Digestion
 works by utilizing anaerobic bacteria.
 These microorganisms usually live at the bottom of
swamps or in other places where there is no air;
consuming dead organic matter to produce methane and
hydrogen.
 By feeding organic matter such as animal dung or human
sewage into tanks, called digesters, and adding bacteria,
we collect the emitted gas to use as an energy source
 a very efficient; up to two thirds of the fuel energy of the
animal dung could be recovered.

8. EXTRACTION OF BIOMASS
Fermentation
 Also called as Aerobic Digestion; converts sugar to
ethanol.
 people have used yeasts and other microorganisms to
ferment the sugar of various plants into ethanol.
 Producing fuel from biomass by fermentation is just an
extension of this process.
 Process involves addition of yeasts or other
microorganisms for the conversion of plant’s glucose into
an alcohol.

9. Advantages &Disadvantages
of Biomass Energy

10. Advantages of Biomass Energy
is abundant, secure, environmental friendly, and renewable source of energy.
It can be used to generate electricity with the same equipment or in the same power plants
that are now burning fossil fuels.
is not associated with environmental impacts such as acid rain, oil spills, radioactive waste
disposal or the damming of rivers.
Sustainable; the green plants from which biomass fuels are derived fix carbon dioxide as they
grow, so their use does not add to the levels of atmospheric carbon.
Alcohols and other fuels produced by biomass are efficient, viable, and relatively clean burning.
Biomass is easily available and can be grown with relative ease in all parts of the world.

11. Disadvantages of Biomass Energy
Cost of construction of biogas plant is high.
Due to improper construction many biogas plants are working inefficiently.
It is difficult to store biogas in cylinders.
Transportation of biogas through pipe over long distances is difficult.
Many easily grown grains like corn, wheat are being used to make ethanol. This can have bad
consequences if too much of food crop is diverted for use as fuel.
Crops which are used to produce biomass energy are seasonal and are not available over whole year.

12. Biomass In India: History
Biomass contributes third of the primary energy in India. Biomass fuels are predominantly use
in rural households for cooking , water heating, as well as traditional and artisan industries.
Biomass delivers most energy for domestic use.
Supply side estimates of biomass energy are reported as: fuel wood for domestic sector is
218.5 million tons, crop residue is 96 million tons as in 1985 and cattle dung cake is 37 million
tons.
NON-ENERGY USE OF WOOD IN INDIA
Wood is widely used material in India for variety of non-energy uses ranging from construction ,
furniture, paper making and artisan product . Consumption of wood for non-energy purposes has
grown at a rate over 2.5 percent annually during pass two decades and is expected to grow at 3 percent
during the next four decades.

13. Biomass In India: History
BIOMASS ENERGY POLICIES AND PROGRAMS IN INDIA
 India has a long history of energy planning and program interventions. Programs for promoting biogas
and
 improved cook-stoves began as early as 1940.
 Afforestation and rural electrification programs are pursued since 1950.
 A decade before the crisis of oil in 1973 India appointed the Energy survey committee.
 The national biomass policy originated later as a component of rural and renewable energy policies in
1970.
BIOMASS POLICY AS A RESPONSE TO RURAL ENERGY CRISIS AND OIL IMPORTS.
◦ Rural energy crisis manifested in India during the mid 1970 due to four factors- increased oil price, rising
rural Household energy demand, trading of wood in rural and urban areas due to excess demand and
over exploitation of common property biomass resources. To ameliorate increasing oil import burden
and to diffuse the deepening rural energy crisis programs for promoting renewable energy technologies
were initiated in 1970.

14. Applications of Biomass Energy
Biomass systems range from small stoves used in homes for heating or cooking to large power
plants used by centralized utilities to produce electricity.
In residential applications, biomass can be used for space heating or for cooking.
Industry and businesses use biomass for several purposes including space heating, hot water
heating, and electricity generation. Many industrial facilities, such as lumber mills, naturally
produce organic waste. For generating electricity, the producer gas from the biomass gasifier is
first cleaned and cooled and then used as a fuel in an IC engine. A generator coupled to the
engine produces electricity.
Biomass has been and will continue to be an important source of energy for a large share of the
population in Asian countries, mainly for cooking, but also for industries and services. Biomass is
increasingly being used for modern applications.

15. Conclusion
We have come to know that is the type of renewable energy that is obtain from
the easily available sources.
It causes no pollution while burning so it is environment friendly.
We must use this biomass energy as an alternative to the energy sources that
produces pollution during burning.
It can be concluded that biomass energy is the best energy available in an
immense amount.

16. THANK YOU