3. Wastewater is any water that has
been adversely affected in quality by
anthropogenic influence.
Wastewater can originate from a
combination of domestic, industrial,
commercial or agricultural activities,
surface runoff or storm water, and
from sewer inflow or infiltration.
Wastewater
5. NATURE OF TEXTILE WASTE WATER
Rich in
color
Containing
residues of
reactive
dyes and
chemicals
It contain many
aerosols
High
chroma
High COD and
BOD
concentration
11. 38 % in bleaching 6 % in dyeing
8% in printing,
14 % in boiler an
d 24 % for other
uses
12. Parameters Values
pH 6.0-9.0
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (mg/L) 80 6,000
Chemical Oxygen Demand (mg/L) 150 12,000
Total Suspended Solids (mg/L) 15 8,000
Total Dissolved Solids (mg/L) 2,900 -3,100
Chloride (mg/L) 1000 1600
Total Nitrogen (mg/L) 70 80
13. RISK RELATED TO TEXTILE WASTE
WATER
Environmental
pollution
Increase
turbidity
Reduce
photosynthesis
Alteration in
habitat
Effect on
ecology
Disturbance in
food chain
17. Coarse suspended
matters such as rags,
pieces of fabric,
fibres, yarns and lint
are removed.
Bar screens and
mechanically cleaned
fine screens remove
most of the fibres
18. Effluent streams are
collected into ‘sump pit’.
Sometimes mixed
effluents are stirred
by rotating agitators or
by blowing compressed
air from below.
The pit has a conical
bottom for enhancing
the settling of solid
particles
EQUALIZATION TANK
19. Process is particularly
useful for treatment of
wastes containing high
%age of settable solids
The sedimentation tanks
are designed to enable
smaller and lighter
particles to settle under
gravity.
The settled sludge is
removed from the
sedimentation tanks by
mechanical scrapping
into hoppers and
pumping it out
subsequently.
SEDIMENTATION TANK
20. Normally, ph values of cotton finishing
effluents are on the alkaline side.
Hence, ph value of equalized effluent
should be adjusted.
By the use of dilute sulphuric acid
21. Finely divided suspended solids and
colloidal particles cannot be
efficiently removed by simple
sedimentation by gravity. In such
cases, mechanical flocculation or
chemical coagulation is employed.
22. Chemical coagulants cause formation of
a sludge phase that can be separated by
density difference.
Major coagulants:
Al2(SO4)3.14H2O (Alum)
FeCl3.6H2O
Fe2SO4
23.
24. In mechanical flocculation,
the textile waste water is
passed through a tank
under gentle stirring; the
finely divided suspended
solids coalesce into larger
particles and settle out.
Specialized equipment
such as clari-flocculator is
also available, wherein
flocculation chamber is a
part of a sedimentation
tank.
29. consists of a bed of a highly
permeable medium to which
microorganisms are attached and
through which wastewater is
percolated or trickled
This easiest step of biological
treatment is reducing the
BOD5 between 50 and 70%.
Trickling Filter
30. The activated
sludge process is a process
for
treating sewage and indust
rial wastewaters using air
and a biological floc
composed of bacteria and
protozoa.
Oxidizing carbonaceous
biological matter, oxidizing
nitrogenous matter:
mainly ammonium and nitr
ogen in biological matter,
removing nutrients (nitrog
en and phosphorus).
Activated sludge
31. The Oxidation Ditch is a highly efficient
aeration system using very low speed
surface aerators.
Aerators are mounted at watercourse
channels in a racetrack configuration to
provide complex mixing in the aeration
zones.
Plug flow exists in the channels between
the aerators.
32. Achievable Results
Oxidation Ditch Industrial Wastewater Treatment benefits include:
• 95-99% BOD removal efficiency
• Over 90% Nitrogen removal by denitrification
• Over 50% elimination of Phosphorous compounds
• Over 95% Phosphorous removal if Fe salts added
• Lowest excess and stable sludge production
• Effective and safe ammonia removal
• Low to minimal odour emissions
• Maximum operational simplicity
• Limited sludge processing and treatment required
• Minimal operational control required
• Minimization of construction cost
36. Fenton's reagent is a solution of hydrogen
peroxide and an iron catalyst that is used
to oxidize contaminants or waste waters.
Fenton's reagent can be used to
destroy organic compounds
(1) Fe2+ + H2O2 → Fe3+ + HO• + OH−
(2) Fe3+ + H2O2 → Fe2+ + HOO• + H+
37. Very effective and fast
decolourising treatment.
Can easily break the
doublebonds present in
most of the dyes.
Inhibit or destroy the
foaming properties of
residual surfactants.
It can oxidise a
significant portion of cod.
38. Used to removes colour and other
soluble organic pollutants from effluent
The process also removes toxic
chemicals such as pesticides, phenols,
cyanides and organic.
Most commonly used adsorbent for
treatment is activated carbon
39. Ion exchange process is normally used for the
removal of inorganic salts
salts are composed of a +ve ion of a base and a
-ve ion of an acid.
IE materials are capable of exchanging soluble
ions and cations with electrolyte solutions.
e,g a cation exchanger in the Na form when
contacted with a sol of cacl2 will scavenge the
Ca ions from the solution and replace them with
Na ions.
This is a convenient method for removing the
hardness from water or effluent.
40. Membrane technology
Ultra-filtration (UF)
membranes retain only macro molecules and
suspended solids. Thus salts, solvents and low
molecular weight organic solutes pass through
UF membrane with the permeate water.
ƒNano-filtration (Nf)
Capable of removing hardness elements such as
calcium or magnesium together with bacteria,
viruses, and colour.
41. Suspended solids and organic substances will
reduce in absorption.
Remove about 97% of colour, 76% of turbidity,
84% of COD, 77% of BOD and 94% of PO-4
Ultrafiltration-color removal, chemical
oxygen demand(COD) reduction.
Ozonation-for colour removal and remove
COD of basics dyes by 64.96%