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Permaculture Kids Curriculum
- 1. San Francisco Salad Days: Youth Urban Permaculture Project (YUPP!) The sun is shining, now is your hayday.... CREATED BY Casey Gold Casey Otter Cushing Angela Goebel Mark McQuillen Vanessa Roland
- 2. Vision & Goals Our goal is to redesign the backyard of the Bush/Baker Preschool with edible and sensory plant guilds, as well as develop a general vision of an educational garden and permaculture curricula that can be implemented elsewhere. The vision is aimed to create a site and corresponding course of study that encourages learning in fun and engaging ways, appealing to children’s natural curiosity and sense of play. The idea is to demonstrate that permaculture principles, the design process, and its implementation are multi-dimen- sional teaching tools that can be used in many different types of classrooms to varying degrees of complexity. Our concepts can be fleshed out more through customizing lesson plans from various books. For this project we referenced The Growing Classroom by Roberta Jaffe and Gary Appel applying a permaculture lens to the well established content. The ethics of Earth care/ People care/ Fair share are meant to be interwoven into all lessons, especially through discussions during the closing circle, as students talk about the day’s activities and which ethics they touched on and how. As well as supporting an attitude of stewardship, a curriculum based on permacultural principles supports long-term observation and the vision process as deep values to be nurtured by education. Please view our video to see how we began the visioning process for the project...
- 3. Base Map of Existing Space chalkboard bench with planters city recycling alley city step sand box compost water table painting wall gate planter box 1 planter box 4 planter box 3 planter box 2 city trash light breeze entrance W S N E scale: 1/2” = 1’- 0”
- 4. Sand Box to Turtle Bed chalkboard bench with planters city recycling alley city step sand box compost water table painting wall gate planter box 1 planter box 4 planter box 3 planter box 2 city trash light breeze entrance W S N E scale: 1/2” = 1’- 0”
- 5. Turtle Bed: Salad Family peas peas dandelion dandelion chalkboard bench with planters sweet violet sweet violet city salad: recycling lettuce carrots alley radish lettuce onion carrots radish city onion step sand box compost water table painting wall gate planter box 1 planter box 4 planter box 3 planter box 2 city trash light breeze entrance W S N E scale: 1/2” = 1’- 0”
- 6. Turtle Bed: Coastal Scrub Family peas peas dandelion dandelion chalkboard bench with planters sweet violet sweet violet city salad: recycling lettuce carrots alley radish lettuce onion carrots radish city onion step sand box compost coastal scrub: yellow bush lupine california buckwheat yerba sticky monkey flower buena water table painting wall gate planter box 1 planter box 4 planter box 3 planter box 2 city trash light breeze entrance W S N E scale: 1/2” = 1’- 0”
- 7. Turtle Bed: Shady Perennial Family peas peas dandelion dandelion chalkboard bench with planters sweet violet sweet violet city salad: recycling lettuce carrots alley radish lettuce onion carrots radish city onion step sand box compost pepino dulce nasturtiums tree collard coastal scrub: yellow bush lupine california buckwheat yerba sticky monkey flower buena water table painting wall gate planter box 1 planter box 4 planter box 3 planter box 2 city trash light breeze entrance W S N E scale: 1/2” = 1’- 0”
- 8. Turtle Bed: Rainbow Flower Circle peas peas dandelion dandelion chalkboard bench with planters sweet violet sweet violet city salad: recycling lettuce carrots red alley radish lettuce onion carrots radish city purple orange onion step flower blue sand box yellow compost circle pepino dulce nasturtiums tree collard coastal green scrub: yellow bush lupine california buckwheat yerba sticky monkey flower buena water table painting wall gate planter box 1 planter box 4 planter box 3 planter box 2 city trash light breeze entrance W S N E scale: 1/2” = 1’- 0”
- 9. Shady Climber Family peas peas dandelion dandelion chalkboard bench with planters sweet violet sweet violet city salad: recycling lettuce carrots red alley radish lettuce onion carrots radish city purple orange onion step flower blue sand box yellow compost circle pepino dulce nasturtiums tree collard coastal green scrub: yellow bush lupine california buckwheat yerba sticky monkey flower buena bamboo, nasturtiums, crimson clover water table painting wall gate planter box 1 planter box 4 planter box 3 planter box 2 city trash light breeze entrance W S N E scale: 1/2” = 1’- 0”
- 10. Native Medicinal Family peas peas dandelion dandelion chalkboard bench with planters sweet violet sweet violet city salad: recycling lettuce carrots red alley radish lettuce onion carrots radish city purple orange onion step flower blue sand box yellow compost circle pepino dulce nasturtiums tree collard coastal green scrub: yellow bush lupine california buckwheat yerba sticky monkey flower buena bamboo, nasturtiums, crimson clover california poppies water table golden yarrow pineapple sage painting wall gate planter box 1 planter box 4 planter box 3 planter box 2 city trash light breeze entrance W S N E scale: 1/2” = 1’- 0”
- 11. Tuber Towers peas peas dandelion dandelion chalkboard bench with planters sweet violet sweet violet city salad: recycling lettuce carrots red alley radish lettuce onion carrots radish city purple orange onion step flower blue sand box yellow compost circle pepino dulce nasturtiums tree collard coastal green scrub: yellow bush lupine california buckwheat yerba sticky monkey flower buena bamboo, nasturtiums, crimson clover california poppies water table golden yarrow pineapple sage painting wall gate potato planter box 1 tower planter box 4 planter box 3 hardy yams planter box 2 city trash light breeze entrance W S N E scale: 1/2” = 1’- 0”
- 12. Five Senses Family peas peas dandelion dandelion chalkboard bench with planters sweet violet sweet violet city salad: recycling lettuce carrots red alley radish lettuce onion carrots radish city purple orange onion step flower blue sand box yellow compost circle pepino dulce nasturtiums tree collard coastal green scrub: yellow bush lupine california buckwheat yerba sticky monkey flower buena bamboo, nasturtiums, crimson clover california poppies water table golden yarrow pineapple sage painting wall gate potato planter box 1 tower planter box 4 planter box 3 hardy rainbow chard yams peppermint stevia planter box 2 english lavendar chinese lantern city trash light breeze entrance W S N E scale: 1/2” = 1’- 0”
- 13. Santa Rosa Plum Tree Family peas peas dandelion dandelion chalkboard bench with planters sweet violet sweet violet city salad: recycling lettuce carrots red alley radish lettuce onion carrots radish city purple orange onion step flower blue sand box yellow compost circle pepino dulce nasturtiums tree collard coastal green scrub: yellow bush lupine california buckwheat yerba sticky monkey flower buena bamboo, nasturtiums, crimson clover california poppies water table golden yarrow pineapple sage plum tree painting wall nz spinach pigeon pea gate potato planter box 1 tower planter box 4 planter box 3 hardy rainbow chard yams peppermint stevia planter box 2 english lavendar chinese lantern city trash light breeze entrance W S N E scale: 1/2” = 1’- 0”
- 14. Strawberry Family peas peas dandelion dandelion chalkboard bench with planters sweet violet sweet violet city salad: recycling lettuce carrots red alley radish lettuce onion carrots radish city purple orange onion step flower blue sand box yellow compost circle pepino dulce nasturtiums tree collard coastal green scrub: yellow bush lupine california buckwheat yerba sticky monkey flower buena bamboo, nasturtiums, crimson clover california poppies water table golden yarrow pineapple sage plum tree stawberry painting wall nz spinach borage pigeon pea bush beans marigolds gate potato planter box 1 tower planter box 4 planter box 3 hardy rainbow chard yams peppermint stevia planter box 2 english lavendar chinese lantern city trash light breeze entrance W S N E scale: 1/2” = 1’- 0”
- 15. Pizza Family peas peas dandelion dandelion chalkboard bench with planters sweet violet sweet violet city salad: recycling lettuce carrots red alley radish lettuce onion carrots radish city purple orange onion step flower blue sand box yellow compost circle pepino dulce nasturtiums tree collard coastal green scrub: yellow bush lupine california buckwheat yerba sticky monkey flower buena pizza: tomato arugula garlic basil bamboo, nasturtiums, crimson clover california poppies water table golden yarrow pineapple sage plum tree stawberry painting wall nz spinach borage pigeon pea bush beans marigolds gate potato planter box 1 tower planter box 4 planter box 3 hardy rainbow chard yams peppermint stevia planter box 2 english lavendar chinese lantern city trash light breeze entrance W S N E scale: 1/2” = 1’- 0”
- 16. Scarlet Runner Family peas peas dandelion dandelion chalkboard trellis bench with planters sweet violet sweet violet city salad: recycling lettuce scarlet runner, carrots red sunflower, cucumber alley radish lettuce onion carrots radish city purple orange onion step flower blue sand box yellow compost circle pepino dulce nasturtiums tree collard coastal green scrub: yellow bush lupine california buckwheat yerba sticky monkey flower buena pizza: tomato arugula garlic basil bamboo, nasturtiums, crimson clover california poppies water table golden yarrow pineapple sage plum tree stawberry painting wall nz spinach borage pigeon pea bush beans marigolds gate potato planter box 1 tower planter box 4 planter box 3 hardy rainbow chard yams peppermint stevia planter box 2 english lavendar chinese lantern city trash light breeze entrance W S N E scale: 1/2” = 1’- 0”
- 17. Three Sisters Family peas peas dandelion dandelion chalkboard trellis bench with planters sweet violet sweet violet city salad: recycling lettuce scarlet runner, 3 sisters: carrots red sunflower, cucumber corn, alley radish lettuce bean, onion carrots squash radish city purple orange onion step flower blue sand box yellow compost circle pepino dulce nasturtiums tree collard coastal green scrub: yellow bush lupine california buckwheat yerba sticky monkey flower buena pizza: tomato arugula garlic basil bamboo, nasturtiums, crimson clover california poppies water table golden yarrow pineapple sage plum tree stawberry painting wall nz spinach borage pigeon pea bush beans marigolds gate potato planter box 1 tower planter box 4 planter box 3 hardy rainbow chard yams peppermint stevia planter box 2 english lavendar chinese lantern city trash light breeze entrance W S N E scale: 1/2” = 1’- 0”
- 18. Additional Design Elements peas peas dandelion dandelion chalkboard trellis bench with planters seedling table sweet violet sweet violet planting experiments city worm salad: recycling lettuce 3 sisters: home scarlet runner, carrots red sunflower, cucumber corn, alley radish lettuce bean, onion carrots squash radish city purple orange onion step flower compost water blue sand box yellow storage circle pepino dulce nasturtiums tree collard coastal green scrub: yellow bush lupine california buckwheat yerba sticky monkey flower buena pizza: tomato arugula primary water source garlic (water catchment) basil bamboo, nasturtiums, crimson clover california poppies water table golden yarrow pineapple sage plum tree stawberry painting wall nz spinach borage pigeon pea bush beans marigolds gate potato planter box 1 tower planter box 4 planter box 3 hardy rainbow chard yams peppermint stevia planter box 2 english lavendar chinese lantern city trash light breeze entrance W S N E scale: 1/2” = 1’- 0”
- 19. Completed Space Redesign peas peas dandelion dandelion trellis seedling table sweet violet sweet violet planting experiments city worm salad: recycling lettuce 3 sisters: home scarlet runner, carrots red sunflower, cucumber corn, alley radish lettuce bean, onion carrots squash radish city purple orange onion step flower compost water blue yellow storage circle pepino dulce nasturtiums tree collard coastal green scrub: yellow bush lupine california buckwheat yerba sticky monkey flower buena pizza: tomato arugula primary water source garlic (water catchment) basil bamboo, nasturtiums, crimson clover california poppies golden yarrow pineapple sage plum tree stawberry painting wall nz spinach borage pigeon pea bush beans marigolds potato tower hardy rainbow chard yams peppermint stevia english lavendar chinese lantern city trash light breeze entrance W S N E scale: 1/2” = 1’- 0”
- 20. Proposed Timeline SEPTEMBER Send out emails to parents get material donations. Acquire materials. Set up the worm bin OCTOBER/NOVEMBER Continue to acquire materials and begin work to transform the sand box to turtle bed. Get other the boxes ready before the rain starts. Parent and community work days. NOVEMBER/DECEMBER Plant fava beans, clover, some perennials Set up rain catchment system SPRING 2011 Start planting. If class decides to take the seed route, start seeds in TP tubes and egg cartons OR sow seeds directly into garden after first frost (i.e. February). Outdoor lessons may begin one month later (i.e. March) as starts are maturing. SUMMER 2011 Plant On! Observe most productive cultivars, taking into consideration sectors such as wind, sunlight, pests, etc. Make notes for future reference. Replace failed crops with alternative ones- Trial, Error, and Feedback Loops the permaculture way. Fall 2011 Let most successful yields go to seed. Collect seeds and save for next spring (learning activity)
- 21. Proposed Budget FIRST SOURCE Ask parents for donations, utilize local community seed libraries, recycled materials (tp, paper towel rolls, egg cartons, used six packs for starts, yogurt containers for watering and scooping, thrift stores for turkey basters or other measuring de- vices) Flowercraft or Sloat donations BUY perennials/seeds/starts/tree $50-$500 for plants depending on fundraising 0-$300 for soil (if not feasible to build then Whole Foods 2 for $7) 0-$250 for Containers/Wood/Materials/Tools for potato towers, edging, planters (burlap, hardware cloth, chicken wire) TOTAL ESTIMATE Low: $0 with all donations and community support (esp. parents) High: $1,500 (bake/garage/rummage sale to generate income) Unknowns There is a chance that the preschool will be moving, therefore our design would not be able to be implemented in its current form. The intention is these pieces could be implemented in similar small, urban schools all over the city with adaptations based on space, microclimate, and age group. Our assessment and synthesis of the principles is intended as a starting point for designing lesson plans and environments for kids to learn and practice permaculture. How the curriculum would be used depends on adaptations to the particular circumstances, age group, and space as well.
- 22. 1. Observe & Interact “Beauty is in the eye of the beholder” LANGUAGE & CONCEPTS TO EMPHASIZE • Close Examination • Lengthy Assessment • Activate the Senses ACTIVITIES 1. Walk into the garden each morning of the week What do you: See? (Monday)- i.e.. bees, new growth Hear? (Tuesday)- i.e. birds, traffic Smell? (Wednesday)- i.e. flowers, compost Feel? (Thurs.)- i.e. lambs ear, soil Taste? (Friday)- i.e. herbs, farmers market snacks Reconvene and Discuss, Draw or Paint Observations Repeat every week to observe the changes Find magic spot or tree to return to each time 2. Observe and teach feedback loops. Sample lessons: Water coming out of faucet. Where does it come from? Where does it go? Why are plants different colors? Why do some plants grow better here than others? 3. Observe plant growth stages, needs, conditions for optimal growth (trials with water/sun/nutrients/interplanting) CURRICULUM RESOURCE The Growing Classroom Unit 2: We are all scientists: Awareness & Discovery
- 23. 2. Catch & Store Energy “Make hay while the sun shines” LANGUAGE & CONCEPTS TO EMPHASIZE • Solar, Wind, Hydro Energy • Water/Rain Catchment • Energy Storage & Transportation • Active & Passive Use of Resources ACTIVITIES 1.Create a small-scale water wheel to demonstrate water power 2. Use cob or solar oven on-site to make food 3. How do plants use the sun’s energy and water? 4. Study plant functions and parts 5. Make pinwheels to explore wind power 6. Blow bubbles to help visualize wind and its energy 7. Worm Bin: how do worms capture and store energy? 8. Seeds studies: how do seeds store energy? 9. Catch and measure rain water or water from table then use to water garden, do dishes, or explore simple storage. CURRICULUM RESOURCE The Growing Classroom Unit 4: Growing & Unit 10: Weather & Climate
- 24. 3. Obtain A Yield “You Can’t Work On An Empty Stomach” LANGUAGE & CONCEPTS TO EMPHASIZE • Tangible Yield vs. Intangible Yield • Immediate, Short-Term, Long Term Rewards • Predictable vs. Unforeseen Yields • Successive Planting, Harvesting • EROEI (Energy Return on Energy Invested) ACTIVITIES 1. Plant seeds, care for starts, grow & harvest food 2. Cooking & nutrition projects with harvested food 3. Seed saving 4. Explore seasonal eating and microclimates in area 5. Maximize yield through beneficials, companion planting 6. Metaphor: Class evolves through stages (Seed, Sprout, Sapling, Tree, Flower, Fruit) as curriculum progresses. Whole class moves on together to emphasize equality CURRICULUM RESOURCE The Growing Classroom Unit 4: Growing, Unit 11: Food Choices, Unit 12: Nutrients
- 25. 4. Apply Self Regulation & Accept Feedback “The actions of our fathers are visited on the children of the seventh generation” LANGUAGE & CONCEPTS TO EMPHASIZE • Constant Feedback Loop • Slow Transition Period: 1 Week, 1 Month, 6 Months… • Connect Personal Behavior Patterns to Global Issues (Climate Crisis, Personal Responsibility) • Feedback and Solutions can be Slow to Emerge ACTIVITIES 1. Water plants in the garden: use watering tools like measuring cup and turkey baster to regulate watering 2. Explore different watering techniques & record feedback 3. Collect waste from one week. Note abundance of food packaging to teach action item: Wean off packaged foods 4. Listening activities to nurture intuition (i.e. listen to your body) 5. Exercises to develop communication skills and team building/ problem solving 6. Nutrition and assessing diet 7. Study Native American culture and writings about “seventh generation” philosophy and other practices we can adopt CURRICULUM RESOURCE The Growing Classroom Unit 1: Let’s Work Together: Problem Solving & Communication Unit 6: Cycles & Changes
- 26. 5. Use & Value Renewable Resources and Services “Let nature take its course” LANGUAGE & CONCEPTS TO EMPHASIZE • Resources are Finite • Abundance of Natural & Free Energy (Sun, Wind) • Reuse & Repurpose Whenever Possible (Biodiesel, Containers) • Four Elements: Earth, Air, Water, Fire • Natural Resources (Top Soil) • Soil Building ACTIVITIES 1. Reuse yogurt containers, bottles, cans as watering cans, measurement tools, scoop for soil, vessel to gather materials 2. Reuse Toilet Paper, Paper Towel Tubes, egg cartons to start seeds or do crafts 3. 5 Senses Scavenger Hunt: Each child takes a toilet paper roll on his/ her adventure, holding the tube eye or ear or mouth for a deeper dive into the mysteries of the garden 4. Install a clothesline at school for drying soiled clothes, rags 5. Use Chalkboard vs. Paper Waste 6. Make natural dyes or paints and paper 7. Trace favorite foods back to origins to illustrate four elements 8. The $1,000,000 orange to demonstrate the high cost of food and resources used to acquire “ordinary” foods eaten daily CURRICULUM RESOURCE The Growing Classroom Unit 3: The Living Earth: Soil, Unit 4: Growing, Unit 13: Food Systems and Consumerism
- 27. 6. Produce No Waste “A stitch in time saves nine” LANGUAGE & CONCEPTS TO EMPHASIZE • Compost, Vermicompost, Decomposition • Entropy • Waste Stream • Glean • Biodegradeable vs. Non-biodegradeable ACTIVITIES 1. Design and implement a mini 3-bin system to teach about recycling & composting 2. Weigh trash and food waste each day and set goal to reduce over time. Pull out items, discuss where they go, city landfills, recycling, compost (collective trash per day). Discuss alternative methods of disposal 3. Fieldtrip to Hayes Valley Farm to observe innovative ways to tap the waste stream 4. Fieldtrip to local Farmers Market to see a utopia of package-less foods and bringing your own bag 5. Create a worm bin to process all fruit and veggie scraps 6. Explore ways to creatively reuse and repurpose items 7. Make a compost cake or do compost bag activity 8. Study mushrooms and other decomposers CURRICULUM RESOURCE The Growing Classroom Unit 6: Cycles & Changes 10: Weather & Climate
- 28. 7. Design from Patterns to Details “Can’t see the forest for the trees” LANGUAGE & CONCEPTS TO EMPHASIZE • Patterns in Nature • Concentric, Radial, Spiral, Turbulence, Flow, Rhizome, Crenulation, Fractal, Surface Area to Volume, Streamline, Gradient, Branches • Grassroots • Conservation of Energy/ Path of Least Resistance ACTIVITIES 1. Design of the space based on what is already there: natural patterns (spirals, keyholes) 2. Study of patterns: fingerprint science, leaves and flowers (tracing/rubbing/pressing), collect examples from magazines, drawings 3. Study how water flows in path of least resistance 4. Art in the garden: mosaics 5. Study personal patterns in space and time, make a record 6. Mimic natural forms to avoid erosion: “Day at the Races” 7. Mimic how seeds travel “Adapt-a-Seed” project 8. Sort food into categories (Flower, Fruit, Seed, Leaf etc) 9. Study Seasonal Patterns and Cycles (Water, Oxygen, Nutrient) CURRICULUM RESOURCE The Growing Classroom Unit 3: The Living Earth: Soil, Unit 4: Growing, Unit 6: Cycles & Changes
- 29. 8.Integrate Rather than Segregate “Many hands make light work” LANGUAGE & CONCEPTS TO EMPHASIZE • Relationships • Interdependence • Stacking Functions: multiple use vs. multi-tasking • Whole is greater than sum of its parts • Natural Resources ACTIVITIES 1. Garden/Ecosystem OR Community/School Web of Life with yarn to show connections and interdependence 2. Emphasis on communication Skills and Team Building 3. “Eat the Earth” activity to illustrate portion of Earth able to meet our needs and explore natural resources 4. Explore concept of Food Chain with “I Eat the Sun” activity 5. Study stacking functions versus multi-tasking/cultural mindset 6. Study tree or human body as example of stacking functions. Can you list all of the things each does? 7. Give each child an everyday item and have them explore alternate uses (i.e. tennis ball or a chair) 8. How do you stack functions? What functions can you do? CURRICULUM RESOURCE The Growing Classroom Unit 1: Let’s Work Together: Problem Solving & Communication Unit 7: Interdependence
- 30. 9. Use Small and Slow Solutions “Slow and steady wins the race” LANGUAGE & CONCEPTS TO EMPHASIZE • Patience • Small is beautiful • Bite size pieces for projects • Experimentation/Doing trials • Local, Regional, National, Global ACTIVITIES 1. Keep a worm bin (naturally need to wait for the castings 2. Make Compost, Build soil by mixing ingredients and planting 3. Water Conservation: every drop counts, small acts add up so measure water caught 4. Germinate seeds and record varying times to sprout 5. Planting in succession to track growth 6. Do trials/variety tests in the garden to see what grows the best 7. Build root view boxes out of recycled materials (milk carton) 8. Discuss small actions that create big effects like planting one seed or tree to produce large harvest, fruit, shade, etc 9. Explore small, local business and food versus going to super market: “This Little Lettuce Went to Market” 10. Visit a small, local farm and possibly do a school farmstand 11. Practice Meditation & Breathing techniques to teach patience CURRICULUM RESOURCE The Growing Classroom Unit 3: The Living Earth: Soil, Unit 4: Growing, Unit 13: Food Systems and Consumerism
- 31. 10.Use and Value Diversity “Don’t put all your eggs in one basket” LANGUAGE & CONCEPTS TO EMPHASIZE • Monoculture/Polyculture: root depths, light and nutrient needs, nitrogen fixing, dynamic accumulator, ground cover, pest suppression, insectary, trellis, climber, wind break/shelter • Guilds, Companion Planting, Interplanting, Perennial vs. Annual • Balance & Competition • Ecosystems & Biodiversity ACTIVITIES 1. Memory game to match animals/plants/organisms/elements with functions, ecosystems, guilds (create families) 2. Diversity log: Draw kinds of birds, butterflies, bugs they see 3. Role play:“Nothing is more competitive than a monoculture”, when everyone/thing wants same resource creates inbalance 4. Divide class in half: ½ eats one thing for a day, the other ½ can eat whatever they want (scientific experiments with choice) 5. Celebrate the beauty of different music, skin colors, culture, plants, traditions, families, beliefs (Cross the Line Activity) 6. Create conditions for more life! animal/insect/spider friends 7. Study different kinds of soil: “Space Travelers” experiment 8. Study “weeds” and how they might have a purpose CURRICULUM RESOURCE The Growing Classroom Unit 3: The Living Earth: Soil, Unit 7: Interdependence, Unit 8: Garden Ecology, Unit 9: Garden Creatures