Teachers' manual - UNICEF Georgia
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The syllabus called ‘Children’s Rights and Journalism Practice’ was developed by UNICEF Regional Office in Geneva with the support of the Dublin Institute of Technology. The syllabus consists of students’ manual and teachers’ guide. With UNICEF support the manual was translated into Georgian.
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Teachers' manual - UNICEF Georgia
- 1. bavSvis uflebebi da Jurnalisturi praqtika - uflebebze dafuZnebuli midgoma saxelmZRvanelo pedagogebisaTvis bavSvis uflebebi uflebebis dacva da Jurnalisturi praqtika - bavSvTa parlamentebi uflebebze dafuZnebuli ras unda moicavdes kodeqsi? presis Tavisufleba midgoma
- 3. bavSvis uflebebi da Jurnalisturi praqtika – uflebebze dafuZnebuli midgoma saxelmZRvanelo pedagogebisaTvis 2011 weli
- 4. saswavlo kursi momzadda centraluri da aRmosavleT evropisa da damoukidebel saxelmwifoTa Tanamegobrobis iunisefis regionuli ofisis dakveTiT © gaeros bavSvTa fondi (iunisefi) - dublinis teqnologiis instituti, 2007 w. © qarTuli Targmani da gamocema, gaeros bavSvTa fondis saqarTvelos warmomadgenloba, 2011 w. saxelmZRvanelos qarTuli variantis SemuSavebasa da adaptaciaSi monawileobdnen: daviT paiWaZe, ilias saxelobis universiteti; marine vaSaymaZe, Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti; maia miqaSaviZe, Jurnalistikisa da media menejmentis kavkasiuri skola; naTia kalaZe, saqarTvelos universiteti; maia qurcikiZe, gaeros bavSvTa fondi.
- 5. sarCevi modulis Sesavali ............................................................................................................................................5 swavlebis meTodebi ......................................................................................................................................6 pedagoguri principebi.............................................................................................................................6 Sedegebi da miznebi.......................................................................................12 meTodologiebi .............................................................................................14 swavlebis Sereuli meTodi.........................................................................20 Sefaseba ............................................................................................................23 modulis struqtura .....................................................................................31 calkeul TavTan dakavSirebuli SeniSvnebi maswavleblebisaTvis ..............................................................33
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- 7. bavSvis uflebebi da Jurnalisturi praqtika - uflebebze dafuZnebuli midgoma 5 modulis Sesavali am saswavlo kursis Teoria da praqtika isea Serwymuli, rom kursis dasrulebiT Jurnalistikis Semswavleli studentebi marto bavSvis uflebaTa sferos mniSvnelovani aspeqtebis gaSuqebis unar-Cvevebs ki ar ganiviTareben, aramed SeZleben gaiazron am sferos gaSuqebis praqtika da kritikulad Seafason bavSvis uflebebTan dakavSirebiT arsebuli situacia, rogorc sakuTar qveyanaSi, aseve mTel msoflioSi. avtorebi aseve imedovneben, rom am moduliT miRebuli codna da unar-Cvevebi sxvebzec gavrceldeba. studentebi, romlebic warmatebiT gaivlian am kurss, miiReben srulyofil codnas uflebebisa da eTikis sferoebSi, ecodinebaT, rogor moekidon wyaroebs, axal ambebs da rogor moamzadon masala TanagrZnobiT, Tumca gaiTvaliswinon sazogadoebis ufleba _ miiRos informacia, da gaiTviTcnobieron, sad gadis zRvari informirebasa da TanagrZnobas Soris. studentebma unda ganixilon da gaaanalizon, rodisa aqvs Jurnalists masalis gamoqveynebis ufleba, magram, amave dros, pasuxismgeblobac, ar gamoaqveynos igi, anda rodis gadadis delikaturoba TviTcenzuraSi. saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemuli masalis gamoyeneba bevrnairad SeiZleba. leqtorebma SeiZleba masala studentebs miscen mecadineobaze wasakiTxad diskusiisa da debatebis xelSesawyobad, daurigon redaqtirebuli varianti an gamoiyenon mecadineobaze Canawerebis saxiT. saswavlo kursi sakmaod moqnilia da leqtorebi, romlebic am kurss studentebTan gaivlian, advilad SeZleben mis morgebas swavlebis SemuSavebul meTodebze. Tumca swavlis Sedegebisa da miznebis warmatebiT miRweva damokidebulia im pedagogiur principebsa da meTodologiebze, romlebic swavlebis nebismieri meTodis safuZvels qmnis. momdevno Tavi, romelic swavlebis meTodebs exeba, dagexmarebaT am modulis swavlebis formisa da midgomis SemuSavebaSi da kursis warmarTvaSi.
- 8. 6 swavlebis meTodebi moduli `bavSvis uflebebi da Jurnalisturi praqtika – uflebebze dafuZnebuli midgoma~ efuZneba or cnobil pedagogiur princips: studentze orientirebul swavlebas da ganaTlebas adamianis uflebebis sferoSi. orive es principi moicavs mkafio, Tumca damxmare Teoriebs, miznebsa da pedagogiur meTodologiebs, romlebic momdevno TavebSia aRwerili. masalis miwodebisas leqtorebs SeuZliaT am TavebiT ixelmZRvanelon anda mocemuli magaliTebi garkveulwilad Secvalon da sakuTar midgomas moargon. maSin, rodesac studentze orientirebuli swavlebis principi avtonomiisa da pasuxismgeblobis grZnobas uviTarebs swavlaSi aqtiurad da Rrmad CarTul studentebs, adamianis uflebebis sferoSi ganaTlebis principi studentze orientirebuli swavlebis princips iyenebs missave meTodologiaSi, romelic Tanamonawileobas emyareba da, aseve, xels uwyobs faseulobebis Camoyalibebas studentebSi da studentebis aqtiurobas uflebebis dacvis saqmeSi. amrigad, swavlebis meTodika JurnalistikaSi, bavSvis uflebaTa dacvis konteqstSi, iseTive mniSvnelobas iZens, rogorc Tavad saswavlo masala. pedagoguri principebi studentze orientirebuli swavleba maSin, rodesac maswavlebelze orientirebuli swavlebis strategia fokusirebulia maswavlebelze, romelic eqspertis codnas axalbedas gadascems, studentze orientirebuli swavleba fokusirebulia studentze, romelmac Tavad unda imoqmedos ganaTlebis misaRebad. studentze orientirebuli swavlebis SemTxvevaSi Tavad studentebi arian codnis Semqmnelebi, xolo maswavlebeli an leqtori swavlis procesis fasilitatoria da ara informaciis mimwodebeli. am rolSi fasilitatori lideria, avtoritetuli figura, romelic Tavadac da sxvebTan urTierTobidan gamomdinarec darwmunebulia, rom sxvebs aqvT unari, iazrovnon da iswavlon.
- 9. bavSvis uflebebi da Jurnalisturi praqtika - uflebebze dafuZnebuli midgoma 7 studentze orientirebuli swavleba zrdis SemswavlelTa pasuxismgeblobas sakuTari ganaTlebis mimarT. am strategiiT studenti erTveba gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesebSi, swavlobs qmedebis gziT da ara ubralod mosmenis da iseTi davalebebis Sesrulebisa, romlebic xSirad konteqstidanaa amovardnili da amitom studentis `realobisgan~ Sors dgas. radgan swavlis procesi ufro aqtiuria (vidre maswavleblis pasiuri smena), masalis damaxsovreba ufro advili xdeba; vinaidan swavlis procesi individualur midgomas gulisxmobs da ukavSirdeba studentebis cxovrebasa da gamocdilebas, es strategia `acocxlebs~ masalas da mas realur cxovrebasTan Sesabamiss xdis. studentze orientirebuli swavlebis strategiis damaxasiaTebeli Tvisebebia: • damokidebuleba aqtiur swavlaze da ara pasiurze, • fokusireba siRmiseul swavlasa da gaazrebaze, • studentebis pasuxismgeblobisa da angariSvaldebulebis amaRleba, • moswavleebSi avtonomiurobis gancdis gaZliereba, • maswavleblisa da moswavlis urTierTdamokidebuleba, • urTierTpativiscema maswavleblisa da moswavlis urTierTobaSi, • da refleqsiuri midgoma swavlebis da swavlis procesebisadmi, rogorc maswavleblis, aseve moswavlis mxridan. studentze orinetirebuli swavlebis mTavari principebi mokled ase SeiZleba Camoyalibdes: • moswavle srulad aris pasuxismgebeli sakuTari ganaTlebis miRebis procesze; • ganaTlebis misaRebad aucilebelia procesSi CarTva da monawileobis miReba; • SemswavlelTa Soris urTierToba ufro Tanasworia, rac xels uwyobs zrdasa da ganviTarebas; • maswavlebeli xdeba fasilitatori da konsultanti; • moswavlis ganaTlebaSi xdeba sxvadasxva elementis Serwyma (emociuri da SemecnebiTi velebis erTianoba). (O’Neill & McMahon, 2005)
- 10. 8 ganaTleba adamianis uflebebis sferoSi ganaTleba adamianis uflebebis sferoSi SeiZleba ganisazRvros, rogorc ganaTleba, treningi da informacia, romlebic miznad isaxavs adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao kulturis Camoyalibebas codnis gaziarebis, unar-Cvevebis gadacemis da midgomebis formirebis gziT da igi mimarTulia: • adamianis uflebebisa da ZiriTadi Tavisuflebebisadmi pativiscemis gaZlierebisaken; • pirovnebis srulyofili ganviTarebisa da Rirsebis gancdis Camoyalibebisaken; • urTierTgagebis, tolerantobis, sqesobrivi Tanasworobis damkvidrebisa da erebs, mkvidr xalxebs, rasobriv, eTnikur, religiur da enobriv jgufebs Soris megobrobis xelSewyobisaken; • yvela adamianis uzrunvelyofisaken SesaZleblobiT, qmediTi monawileoba miiRos Tavisufal da demokratiul sazogadoebaSi, romelSic daculia kanonis uzenaesoba; • mSvidobis mSeneblobisa da SenarCunebisaken; • adamianze orientirebuli stabiluri ganviTarebisa da socialuri samarTlianobis xelSewyobisaken. ganaTleba adamianis uflebebis sferoSi moicavs: • codnasa da unar-Cvevebs – adamianis uflebebis da maTi dacvis meqanizmebis Sesaxeb codnis miRebas, aseve, yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi maTi gamoyenebis unar-Cvevebis SeZenas; • faseulobebs, damokidebulebasa da qcevas – iseTi faseulobebis, damokidebulebebisa da qcevis ganviTarebas, romelic xels uwyobs adamianis uflebebis dacvas; • moqmedebas – moqmedebas adamianis uflebebis dacvisa da popularizebisaTvis. (`iunesko~, 2005)
- 11. bavSvis uflebebi da Jurnalisturi praqtika - uflebebze dafuZnebuli midgoma 9 ra kavSiria bavSvis uflebebsa da adamianis uflebebs Soris is gansakuTrebuli mdgomareoba, romelsac bavSvobis asaki TiToeul bavSvs aniWebs, aucilebels xdis bavSvebisadmi sagangebo yuradRebas, mzrunvelobasa da daxmarebas. bavSvebTan mimarTebiT adamianis uflebaTa ganmarteba da realizeba swored bavSvebis Taviseburebebisa da saWiroebebidan gamomdinare unda moxdes. es niSnavs, rom, faqtobrivad, bavSvTa uflebebi adamianis uflebebia, Tumca im realobis gaTvaliswinebiT, romelSic bavSvebi imyofebian (Yeban, 1999). uflebebze dafuZnebuli ganaTlebisTvis, iqneba es ganaTleba bavSvis Tu adamianis uflebebis Sesaxeb, iseTi Sesaferisi meTodologia unda SemuSavdes, romliTac TavisTavad swavlis procesi gadaiqceva gzavnilad. Zafi, romelic akavSirebs transformirebadi ganaTlebis am or gansxvavebul formas, aris rwmena TiToeuli adamianis Rirsebasa da keTildReobaSi. aqedan gamomdinare, individi, iqneba es bavSvi Tu zrdasruli, swavlebis procesSi centralur adgils ikavebs (Yeban, 1999). adamianis uflebebis, gansakuTrebiT ki bavSvis uflebebis sferoSi ganaTlebisaTvis rekomendebuli meTodi TanamonawileobiTi pedagogikaa, romelic qvemoT gansazRvrul principebs efuZneba da romelsac adamianis uflebaTa umaRlesi komisris ofisi uWers mxars. TanamonawileobiTi meTodologia moicavs moswavleze orientirebuli swavlebis principebs da adamianis uflebebis sferoSi ganaTlebis im aspeqtebs, romlebic faseulobebis formirebasa da aqtiur moqmedebas exeba: 1. gamocdilebasa da aqtivobaze orientirebuli principi: mkafiod unda ganimartos, rom Seswavlis sagani moswavlis obieqturi pirobebis da am pirobebSi adamianis uflebebis realizebis sworad gagebaa. unda dadgindes codnis is done, romelic students ukve aqvs, rogorc bazisi Semdgomi diskusiisTvis. studentze orientirebuli aqtivobebi ise unda SemuSavdes, rom es codna gamovlindes. es niSnavs, rom aqtivobebma studentebs sakuTari gamocdilebis gaziarebisa da codnis gamoxatvis SesaZlebloba unda misces.
- 12. 10 2. problemis gamovlena: fasilitatorma unda Seamowmos moswavlis adrindeli codna iseTi kiTxvebis dasmiT, romlebic mimarTuli iqneba studentis pasuxebSi Seusabamobebis an araTanmimdevrulobis gamovlenisaken. aseTi procesi xels Seuwyobs students, gaiazros sakuTari mosazrebebi da ubiZgebs mas, Seicvalos azrovnebis modeli ise, rom logikurad ufro Sesabamisi da empiriulad Tanmimdevruli gaxdes. 3. TanamonawileobiTi principi: am teqnikam xeli unda Seuwyos imas, rom koleqtiurad moxdes koncefciebis ganmarteba, Temebis gaanalizeba da aqtivobebis ganxorcieleba. sxvebis gamocdilebis gacnoba studentebisaTvis erT-erTi gzaa, romliTac adamianis gamocdileba da codna SeiZleba gafarTovdes, dadasturdes an uaryofil iqnes. 4. dialeqtikuri principi: moswavleTa arsebuli codnis mxolod gamovlena ar aris sakmarisi (Tezisi). mniSvnelovania isic, rom SeadarebinoT maT sakuTari codna sxva wyaroebidan miRebul iseT codnas, rogoricaa faqtebi, monacemebi, statistika da sxv. (antiTeza) da gaakeTebinoT Sedegad miRebuli ideis (ideebis) sinTezi. is, rom aq monawileTa mier interpretirebuli sakuTari gamocdileba codnis sando wyaroebad aris miCneuli, ar niSnavs imas, rom yvelaferi subieqturad sworia. moswavleTa codna/gamocdileba, ucvleli formiT, iseve SezRudulia, rogorc eruditis `gaqvavebuli~ codna. unda moxdes am codnis/gamocdilebis Sedareba sxva adamianebis msgavsi konteqstebis interpretaciasa da gagebasTan. 5. analitikuri principi: mniSvnelovania, fasilitatorma da Tavad studentebma gansazRvron is Temebi, romlebic studentTa pasuxebidan gamomdinare Cndeba, da is sabaziso principebi, romlebic am Temebs aerTianebs. fasilitatorma unda dasvas kiTxvebi `ratom~ da `rogor~. aseTi kiTxvebi daafiqrebs studentebs, ratom aris ase da rogor moxda es. studentebs aseve unda dausvaT kiTxvebi movlenebs Soris urTierTkavSirisa da maTi urTierTzemoqmedebis Sesaxeb. es is kiTxvebia, romlebic studentebs exmareba, dainaxon is, rac xiluls miRmaa.
- 13. bavSvis uflebebi da Jurnalisturi praqtika - uflebebze dafuZnebuli midgoma 11 6. gamajansaRebeli principi: adamianis uflebebis damkvidrebas xels ver SevuwyobT, Tu Cven TviTon ar vsargeblobT am uflebebiT, ar viyenebT maT yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi. Tanmimdevrulobis dacva, rogorc pirad, aseve sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi Znelia, magram ar aris SeuZlebeli. Cveni gamocdilebis intrapersonaluri, interpersonaluri da struqturuli sferoebi urTierTadakavSirebulia da erTmaneTze zemoqmedebs. Cven es mxedvelobidan ar unda gamogvrCes. adamianis uflebebis pedagogika gvaTavisuflebs, gvaZlevs saSualebas, davinaxoT, SevigrZnoT, gaviazroT, vimoqmedoT da stimuli mivceT sakuTar Tavsac da sxvebsac. Cven piradad varT angariSvaldebulni sakuTari keTildReobis winaSe. pedagogika adamianis uflebebis sferoSi saSualebas gvaZlevs, gaviumjobesoT keTildReoba. 7. strategiul azrovnebaze orientirebuli principi: kritikuloba da analitikuroba ar aris sakmarisi piroba sazogadoebis transformirebisaTvis. adamianis uflebebis pedagogikam adamianebs unda ubiZgos, daisaxon sakuTari miznebi da mudmivad ifiqron am miznebis misaRwev SemoqmedebiT da strategiul gzebze. adamianis uflebebis realobad gadaqcevisaTvis axali meTodebiT eqsperimentirebaa saWiro. miuxedavad mravali ukiduresad rTuli situaciisa, romlebic Cven Soris saukeTesoebsac ki arTmevs Zalas, adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi ganaTlebam unda daarwmunos xalxi, rom uamravi SesaZlebloba arsebobs. xalxs axali tipis azrovneba sWirdeba imisaTvis, rom es uflebebi gamoiyenos. 8. mizansa da qmedebaze orientirebuli principi: adamianis uflebebi praqtikuli varjiSia. igi moiTxovs qmedebis, dafiqrebis, qmedebis, dafiqrebis da a.S. cikls. adamianis uflebebi erT dReSi ki ara, aramed droTa ganmavlobaSi miiRweva. adamianis uflebebis pedagogika unda aswavlides adamianebs, rogor gaxadon sakuTari miznebi ufro konkretuli da miRwevadi. igi aseve saSualebas unda aZlevdes adamianebs, dagegmon da organizeba gauwion Tavis qmedebebs im miznebze dayrdnobiT, romlebic daisaxes. moTmineba, pozitiuri azrovneba da mizanmimarTuleba is faseulobebia, romlebic adamianis uflebaTa pedagogikaSi Zevs.
- 14. 12 Sedegebi da miznebi am modulSi saswavlo programisadmi studentze orientirebuli swavlebis midgomis gamoyeneba (es midgoma sul ufro xSirad gamoiyeneba msoflioSi saswavlo kursebis SemuSavebisas) gulisxmobs swavlis iseTi Sedegebis an miznebis gaweras, romlebic fokusirebuli iqneba ara imaze, Tu ra masala unda miawodos maswavlebelma studentebs, aramed imaze, Tu ris gakeTeba unda SeZlon studentebma. aseTi praqtikiT aqcenti gadadis maswavleblis mier misawodebeli masalidan moswavleze. es niSnavs processa da kompetenciaze koncentrirebas da ara masalaze. studentze orientirebuli tradiciuli swavlebis swavlebis Sedegebi: ramdenime Sedegebi/miznebi magaliTi am modulis dasrulebisas Tqven saswavlo kursi moicavs: (students) SegeZlebaT: gansazRvroT bavSvTa uflebis gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblebi gaeros konvencias; bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciaSi; kritikulad SeafasoT qcevis saredaqcio saxelmZRvanelo kodeqsebi da saredaqcio principebs da qcevis kodeqsebs. saxelmZRvanelo principebi. wyaro: adaptirebulia: o’nili da mak-mahoni, 2005 w. (O’Neill & McMahon, 2005) swavlis Sedegebi modulis `bavSvis uflebebi da Jurnalisturi praqtika – uflebebze dafuZnebuli midgoma~ dasrulebis Semdeg moswavleebs SeeZlebaT: • gaigon da mokled Camoayalibon bavSvTa uflebebis ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblebi, rogorc es Camoyalibebulia gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciaSi;
- 15. bavSvis uflebebi da Jurnalisturi praqtika - uflebebze dafuZnebuli midgoma 13 • uflebebis dacvis kuTxiT waikiTxon, gaaanalizon da kritikulad Seafason, Tu rogor Suqdeba bavSvebTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi; • kritikulad Seafason saredaqcio principebis da qcevis kodeqsebis Sesabamisoba da mniSvneloba bavSvebis Sesaxeb axali ambebis gadmocemasTan mimarTebiT; • profesiulad Seafason Jurnalisturi praqtika bavSvis uflebebis dacvis TvalsazrisiT; • gaaSuqon samarTlianad, zustad da bavSvis uflebaTa principebis Sesabamisad. ganaTlebis miznebi bavSvis uflebaTa sferoSi bavSvis uflebebis Sesaxeb ganaTleba unda efuZnebodes swavlis sam mizans: • codna da unar-Cvevebi – bavSvis uflebebisa da humanuri standartebis Sesaxeb informaciisa da codnis miReba da am codnis gamoyenebisaTvis saWiro unar-Cvevebis SeZena; • faseulobebi, damokidebuleba da qceva – meti TanagrZnobis gamovlena da negatiuri midgomebis Secvla an pozitiuri midgomebisa da qcevis gamyareba bavSvis uflebebTan mimarTebiT; • qmedeba – moqmedeba bavSvTa uflebebis dacvisa da xelSewyobisaTvis profesiuli saqmianobis Sesrulebisas. (adaptirebulia: `iunesko~ 2005) uflebebze dafuZnebuli am modulis fasilitacia da imis xelSewyoba, rom studentebma miaRwion dasaxul miznebs gulisxmobs studentze orientirebuli swavlis principis, TanamonawileobiTi meTodologiisa da uflebebis sferoSi ganaTlebis transformirebadi komponentis gamoyenebas. mosalodnelia Semdegi cvlilebebi:
- 16. 14 • qcevis cvlileba bavSvebisa da bavSvobis Sesaxeb im mosazrebebis gaTviTcnobierebis gziT, romlebic adre gauTviTcnobierebeli iyo. cvlileba procesia, romelic iwyeba arsebul situaciasTan konfliqtis aRiarebiT da ara `eqspertisgan~ axali ideis gagebiT. es gulisxmobs imis gaTviTcnobierebas, rom arsebuli qceva ar Seesabameba bavSvis uflebebis principebs. • kulturuli cvlileba pirovnuli cvlilebis gziT. pirovnuli cvlileba mxolod qcevaSi cvlilebas ar gulisxmobs, vinaidan igi kulturis konteqstSi Cndeba. igi moiTxovs cvlilebas adamianis urTierTobaSi swored kulturuli cvlilebebis konteqstSi. amas SeiZleba Sedegad bavSvebis Sesaxeb sazogadoebis tradiciul SexedulebebTan winaaRmdegobaSi mosvla mohyves. mniSvnelovania, rom nebismier pirovnul cvlilebas, rogorc bavSvebSi, ise zrdasrulebSi adgilobrivi kultura ganamtkicebdes. • struqturuli cvlileba iseTi meqanizmebisa da saSualebebis Seqmnis gziT, romlebic axdenen bavSvis uflebebis xelSemwyobi personaluri da kulturuli cvlilebebis institucionalizebas. (Yeban, 2002) meTodologiebi leqtorebma iseTi strategiebi unda gamoiyenon, romlebic ubiZgebs studentebs, gaaqtiurdnen codnisa da unar-Cvevebis SeZenaSi. qvemoT motanil cxrilSi mocemulia studentze orientirebuli swavlebis meTodebis nimuSi da ramdenime idea leqtorebisaTvis, rogorc saleqcio (ufro maswavlebelze orientirebuli), aseve arasaleqcio formatisTvis. Tumca leqtorebma unda izrunon, sadac ki es SesaZlebelia, saleqcio saaTebis Semcirebaze studentze orientirebuli formatebis sasargeblod.
- 17. bavSvis uflebebi da Jurnalisturi praqtika - uflebebze dafuZnebuli midgoma 15 studentze orientirebuli swavlebis meTodebis magaliTebi arasaleqcio formati leqcia damoukidebeli proeqtebi sadiskusio jgufebi (mokle diskusiebi orkacian jgufebSi) jgufuri diskusia piramidis/Tovlis gundis efeqti (jgufebad dayofa anbanis/ nomrebis mixedviT da diskusia) Tanakurselebis mier sxva Sereuli jgufebi (studentebis studentebisTvis rCevebis micema Sereva jgufebSi anbanis/nomrebis mixedviT) debatebi mrgvali magida (yvela studenti rigrigobiT laparakobs) savele vizitebi testebi praqtikuli mecadineoba swavlis Sesaxeb mosazrebebis dawera (3/4 wuTi) refleqsiuri dRiurebi, studentebis prezentaciebi saswavlo Jurnalebi klasSi swavla kompiuteris daxmarebiT rolebis gaTamaSeba saswavlo sagnebis/proeqtebis plakatebis prezentacia arCeva sagazeTo statiis dawera studentebi klasSi amzadeben dasaweri samuSaos gegmas wyaro: adaptirebulia: o’nili da mak-mahoni, 2005 w. studentebi unda monawileobdnen da sakuTari wvlili SehqondeT saklaso muSaobaSi. saswavlo masala studentebs Soris diskusiebisa da debatebis uzarmazar SesaZleblobas iZleva da mecadineoba seminarebs emsgavseba. leqtorebma saswavlo masala unda gaamdidron magaliTebiT da axali masaliT TavianTi qveynebidan ise, rom studentebma gamoiyenon satelevizio da radios Jurnalisturi masala, aseve masala im gazeTebidan da Jurnalebidan, romlebsac Tavad kiTxuloben. sasurvelia, studentebma Tavad moiZion masala da moitanon mecadineobaze.
- 18. 16 realur ambebze dayrdnobiT maswavleblebs SeuZliaT moamzadon hipoTeturi istoriebis mokle monaxazi, romlebSic wamoWrilia problemebi da mosTxovon studentebs, daweron maTze statia. studentebma unda Seqmnan bavSvTa uflebebis wyaroebis monacemTa bazac, romlebic klasificirebuli iqneba wyaros saxeebis mixedviT, magaliTad, `samTavrobo wyaroebi~, `saerTaSoriso wyaroebi~, `bavSvis uflebaTa wyaroebi~, anu im CamonaTvalis msgavsad, romlebic mocemulia saswavlo masalaSi. vebgverdebze arsebuli vrceli masala, romelic xelmisawvdomia bavSvis uflebaTa sainformacio qselis (CRIN) da `iunisefis~ vebgverdebze, karg sawyis resursad gamodgeba. bavSvis uflebaTa Sesaxeb swavlebis Sesaferisi meTodologia leqtorebs, romlebic am saswavlo kurss atareben, SeuZliaT SeimuSaon swavlebis iseTi meTodi, romelic aerTianebs studentze orientirebuli swavlebisa da adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi ganaTlebis principebsa da miznebs da Seefereba studentebis instituciur viTarebasa da garemos. qvemoT iseTi meTodis magaliTia moyvanili, romelSic gaZlierebulia studentze orientirebuli swavlebis principebi da gamoyenebulia Tanamonawileobis meTodi. es meTodi mTel msoflioSi warmatebiT gamoiyeneba rogorc adamianis, aseve bavSvis uflebaTa swavlebaSi. ADIDS meTodi ADIDS-is meTods mxars uWers adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi ganaTlebis azia-wynari okeanis regionuli resurs-centri (ARRC HRE), romelic `amnesti interneiSenalisa~ da aziis ganviTarebis kulturuli forumis erToblivi proeqtia. es aris arakomerciuli, arasamTavrobo regionuli organizacia, romelic 1922 wels dafuZnda, rogorc adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi ganaTlebis instituti da qseli azia- wynaris okeanis regionSi da atarebs seminarebs adamianis uflebebSi, amzadebs da avrcelebs sainstruqcio da sxva Sesabamis masalebs, atarebs kvlevebs da adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi saganmanaTleblo kampaniebs. 1955 wels ARRC-m gamoaqveyna adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi
- 19. bavSvis uflebebi da Jurnalisturi praqtika - uflebebze dafuZnebuli midgoma 17 ganaTlebis paketi, anu adamianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb saganmanaTleblo masalebis kompleqti, romelic moicavda ADIDS-is sabaziso dokuments _ paolo freiris ganaTlebis koncefciis Targmans. ADIDS aqtivoba TiToeuli mecadineoba iwyeba iseTi aqtivobiT, romelmac xeli unda Seuwyos an monawilis im adreuli codnis Tu gamocdilebis gamovlenas, romelic mecadineobis miznebs ukavSirdeba, an monawileTa mier koncefciebis kargad gagebas. am etapze es aqtivoba saSualebas aZlevs monawileebs, gakveTilis miznebis Sesabamis gamocdilebaze Seiqmnan an Seicvalon warmodgenebi da gancdebi. es aqtivoba agrZnobinebs monawileebs, rom isini diskusiis centrSi arian. amosavali wertili adamianis uflebebis sferoSi maTi gamocdilebaa. diskusia diskusia mecadineobis saazrovno da dakvirvebis fazaa. kiTxvebma unda ubiZgos monawileebs, gaiazron TavianTi is gamocdileba, romelic am aqtivobaSi ganisazRvreba. monawileebi ifiqreben am gamocdilebaze leqciis miznebTan dakavSirebis gziT. sakmaod xSirad sakuTar gamocdilebas kritikis gareSe viRebT da mxolod maSin, rodesac mas mizanmimarTulad vaanalizebT, vwvdebiT mis arss da gansxvavebuli kuTxidan vuyurebT. monawileTa gamocdileba diskusiis obieqtad da `Sinaarsad~ iqceva. studentis samuSao/leqcia samuSaos mizani monawileTa codnis gafarToebaa. fasilitatorma an konsultantma SeiZleba iseTi mosazreba gamoTqvas, romelic daadasturebs an eWvis qveS daayenebs imas, Tu rogor esmiT monawileebs konkretuli gamocdileba. praqtikuli samuSaos mizania `uflebebis~ iseTi perspeqtivis Cveneba, romlidanac xdeba monawileTa gamocdilebis danaxva. samuSaos Sedegad studentebs saSualeba eZlevaTY daaxarisxon TavianTi codna da sakuTari gamocdileba uflebriv WrilSi ganixilon.
- 20. 18 CaRrmaveba CaRrmaveba saSualebas iZleva, gamomJRavndes da ganxilul iqnes konfliqti an winaaRmdegoba, erTi mxriv, monawileTa Sexedulebebs Soris da, meore mxriv, monawileTa Sexedulebebsa da konsultantis Sexedulebebs Soris. sinTezi sinTezi, Cveulebriv, moicavs specifikur aqtivobebs, romlebic exmareba monawileebs, Seajamon is mixvedrebi, romlebic mecadineobis aqtivobis segmentidan CaRrmavebis segmentamde gamarTuli diskusiidan miiReba. igi aseve daexmareba fasilitators, gansazRvros, ramdenad miiRweva leqciis miznebi da Seitanos saWiro cvlilebebi Semdegi leqciisaTvis. (ARRC, 1995) qvemoT cxrilis saxiT aris mocemuli am modulis 1-li nawilis 1-li Tavis ADIDS-is meTodiT swavlebis nimuSi. ADIDS-is ganxorcieleba fasilitatoris meTodologia SeniSvnebi aqtivoba moitaneT/gaakeTeT aqtivoba da diskusia an kolaJi Jurnalis/ gansazRvravs, diskusia gazeTis statiebisa, Tu rogor esmiT romlebic adamianis monawileebs mTavari uflebebs exeba. Sesaswavli sakiTxebi da ra codnas isaubreT mediaSi flobdnen isini bolo dros am sakiTxebze: ra gaSuqebuli adamianis aris adamianis uflebaTa istoriebis uflebebi? adamianis Sesaxeb. uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia, adamianis uflebaTa dacva.
- 21. bavSvis uflebebi da Jurnalisturi praqtika - uflebebze dafuZnebuli midgoma 19 ADIDS-is ganxorcieleba fasilitatoris meTodologia SeniSvnebi studentis samuSao/ adamianis samuSao efuZneba leqcia uflebaTa dacvis im codnas, rac ra saerTaSoriso monawileebs ukve standartebi arsebobs? aqvT. fasilitatori ris Sesaxebaa adamianis ubralod amatebs uflebaTa sayovelTao imas, rac aqtivobas/ deklaracia? diskusias aklia. rogor viTardeba adamianis uflebaTa standartebi? ra fundamenturi principebi udevs safuZvlad adamianis uflebebis standartebs? romeli konkretuli uflebebia adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciaSi? adamianis uflebaTa ra darRvevebi arsebobs? romelma qveynebma daarRvies an ar daarRvies adamianis uflebebi? CaRrmaveba sayovelTaoa Tu CaRrmaveba xels SefardebiTi adamianis uwyobs adamianis uflebebi romelime uflebebis Sesaxeb kulturasTan sakamaTo sakiTxebze Tu situaciasTan diskusiis dawyebas. mimarTebaSi? es aris azrovnebis arsebobs Tu ara maprovocirebeli raime konkretuli kiTxvebi, romlebic erovnuli Sexeduleba monawileebs adamianis uflebebis daafiqrebs zogierT Sesaxeb? ras niSnavs maT gaazrebul adamianis uflebebi an gauazrebel JurnalistikisTvis? mosazrebaze.
- 22. 20 ADIDS-is ganxorcieleba fasilitatoris meTodologia SeniSvnebi sinTezi ilustracia an sinTezi ajamebs scenari, romelSic mecadineobaze studentebs sakuTari miRweul mixvedrebs codnis gamoyeneba da exmareba SeuZliaT. fasilitators, gansazRvros, miRweuli iqna Tu ara saswavlo miznebi. swavlis Sereuli meTodi kompiuteriT swavla, rogorc studentze orientirebuli swavlebis meTodi, meTodologiebis nawilSi iyo rekomendebuli, xolo kompiuteriT Sefaseba dasaxelebulia Sefasebis erT-erT meTodad. Sereuli swavla ubralod terminia iseTi swavlisa da swavlebis midgomebis aRsaniSnavad, romlebic onlain aqtivobebisa da pirispir aqtivobebis kombinacias warmoadgens. VLE (Virtual Learning Environement - virtualuri saswavlo garemo) aris swavlis virtualuri garemo, romelic xels uwyobs Sereul swavlas. Sereuli swavlis magaliTebi: • kursis komponentebis Sereva swavlis es kursi Sedgeba pirispir mecadineobebisa da onlain aqtivobebisagan. TiToeuli komponentis wili mniSvnelovnad icvleba kursidan kursamde. aseTi formiT Sereul kursSi calkeuli aqtivobebi an mTlianad pirispir mecadineobebia, an onlain aqtivobebi. amrigad, SeiZleba jer iyos leqcia, mere onlain diskusia, romelsac mohyveba praqtikuli mecadineoba da Semdeg onlain masalis gamoyeneba.
- 23. bavSvis uflebebi da Jurnalisturi praqtika - uflebebze dafuZnebuli midgoma 21 • fizikuri da virtualuri komponentebis Sereva (adgilmdebareobis Sereva) Cveulebriv miCneulia, rom onlain aqtivoba gamiznulia kampusis gareT, saxlSi, individualuri gamoyenebisaTvis. Tumca onlain aqtivobebi zogjer saklaso mecadineobis dros, maswavleblis TandaswrebiT gamoiyeneba. zogierT onlain aqtivobas studentTa jgufi atarebs kampusis saswavlo teritoriaze (`samecadino sivrce~). amrigad, saganmanaTleblo aqtivoba SeiZleba warmoadgendes pirispir komunikaciis da diskusiis da masalis onlain gamoyenebis, informirebis da komunikaciis kombinacias. swavlis procesi Tavad aris Sereuli. masSi SeiZleba moxdes rogorc fizikuri, aseve virtualuri adgilmdebareobis Sereva. resursebis Sereva eleqtronuli swavla sxvadasxva wyarodan resursebis Tavmoyris saSualebas iZleva. SesaZlebeli xdeba gare resursebisa da adgilze, maswavleblis mier Seqmnili resursebis gaerTianeba; kursis maswavleblebs SeuZliaT imuSaon gundebad da swavlis teqnologiebis gamoyenebis gziT advilad gauziaron erTmaneTs resursebi. studentebic erTmaneTs iyeneben, rogorc resursebs, rodesac erTmaneTs daxmarebisTvis mimarTaven; es, rasakvirvelia, pirispir meTodiTac xdeba da onlain meTodiTac; ZiriTadad orive meTodi gamoiyeneba. studentebisaTvis davalebebis Sesrulebis dros xelmisawvdomi masStaburi da mravalferovani saswavlo resursebi warmoadgens cifruli, fizikuri da adamianuri resursebis naerTs, romelsac isini iyeneben pirispir da onlain meTodebis an orives kombinaciis gziT. virtualuri saswavlo garemo ewodeba eleqtronuli swavlis instrumentebisa da programebis mTel nakrebs, romelic xelmisawvdomia personalisa da studentebisaTvis.
- 24. 22 virtualuri saswavlo garemos saswavlo programebia, magaliTad: blekbordi (Blackboard) ueb-si-Ti (WebCT) keSCenmarki (Questionmark) kontent ripozitoriz (Content Repositories) studentze orientirebuli virtualuri saswavlo garemo dReisaTvis eleqtronuli swavlis paketebis umetesoba ufro personalze orientirebul meTodzea gaTvlilia. marTlac, popularuli programuli paketebi (Blackboard da WebCT), maTi operirebis TvalsazrisiT, Zalze fokusirebulia personalze. yvelaferi organizebulia kursebis mixedviT da saWiroebs maswavleblis daxmarebas. studentebs Zalze mcire gasaqani eZlevaT imisaTvis, rom sakuTari iniciativiT imuSaon kursis farglebSi da damoukideblad, maswavleblis daxmarebis gareSe, wamoiwyon diskusiebi an ganaTavson masalebi. studentebis saWiroebebi aris Tu ara iseT SemTxvevebSi, rodesac studentTa jgufs, romelsac surs, gamoiyenos blekbordi an ueb-si-Ti, magram maswavlebels maTTvis jer kursisTvis saWiro sivrce ar Seuqmnia, raime SesaZlebloba universitetSi, rom (a) mosmenili iqnes studentebis mosazrebebi? (b) dakmayofilebuli iqnes maTi saWiroebebi? ra saoperacio funqcias iTxoven Tavad studentebi? swavlis onlain wilis zrdasTan erTad studentebma SeiZleba moisurvon kampusSi da kampusis gareT sakuTari drois ukeT organizeba drois ufro did `monakveTebad~. gangeb xom ar xdeba universitetebSi ganrigis ise SemuSaveba, rom kampusSi samecadino dReebi rac SeiZleba cota gamovides? aqtiur swavlasa da jgufur muSaobaSi eleqtronuli swavlis meTodis gamoyenebis procesi sainteresod viTardeba. ras fiqroben studentebi swavlis aseT meTodze? ra saxis saganmanaTleblo midgomebi iqneboda maTTvis sasurveli?
- 25. bavSvis uflebebi da Jurnalisturi praqtika - uflebebze dafuZnebuli midgoma 23 ra tipis daxmareba dasWirdeboda students saxlidan wvdomis, akademiuri da teqnikuri sakiTxebis garkvevis, usadeno qselis xelmisawvdomobis, saswavlo sivrcis dizainis TvalsazrisiT? ra moxdeba, studentma virtualuri saswavlo garemos farglebSi rom moisurvos sakuTari inciativiT, anu maswavleblis daxmarebis gareSe, onlain saswavlo jgufis Seqmna virtualuri konferenciis an resursebis gaziarebis mizniT? ra moxdeba, studentma rom ipovos saintereso onlain resursebi da Tavad ganaTavsos bmulebi da/an masalebi kursis romelime sivrceSi an veb-sivrceSi? studentze orientirebuli am tipis instrumentebi advili xelmisawvdomi ar aris kursis marTvis tradiciul sistemebSi. risi uzrunvelyofa iqneboda SesaZlebeli? da isev, ras isurvebdnen Tavad studentebi? gzebi, romelTa meSveobiTac leqtorebi SeZleben am modulSi Sereuli swavlebis midgomebis gamoyenebas: 1. 2. 3. Sereuli swavlebis midgomebis gamoyenebis sargebeli: Sefaseba Sefaseba Zalze mniSvnelovania, vinaidan igi aCvenebs leqtors, rom studentebma gaiTavises koncefciebi da, SeuZliaT, profesiulad Seasrulon Jurnalistis saqmianoba. mniSvnelovania is, rom SefasebiT mowmdeba saswavlo programis yvela aspeqti da fasdeba swavlis is 5 (xuTi) Sedegi, romlebic mTeli modulisTvis ganisazRvra. leqtorebs SeuZliaT, SearCion Sefasebis forma imisda mixedviT, Tu ramdenad warmatebulni arian studentebi, anda ras arian isini miCveulebi. Cven ar girCevT mxolod tradiciuli gamocdebiT Semofargvlas, vinaidan aseTi formiT ver xerxdeba im aspeqtebis srulad
- 26. 24 Semowmeba, romelTa ganxilvasac saswavlo programa iTvaliswinebs. Sefasebis tradiciul praqtikasTan dakavSirebuli sirTule is aris, rom, magaliTad, niSnebs an qulebs zedmeti mniSvneloba eniWeba, xolo rCevis micemas da swavlis funqcias _ naklebi, xdeba moswavleebis erTmaneTTan Sedareba, riTac maxvili ufro konkurenciaze keTdeba, vidre personalur gaumjobesebaze. yvelaze kargia, leqtorebma studentebis Sesamowmeblad gamoiyenon, rogorc Semajamebeli, aseve formirebadi Sefasebebi. Semajamebeli Sefaseba gamoyenebuli unda iqnes kompetenturobis gansasazRvrad da studentisTvis modulSi niSnis dasawerad. formirebadi Sefaseba gamoyenebuli unda iqnes imisaTvis, rom studentma miiRos rekomendaciebi swavlis Sesaxeb. am SefasebiT students eZleva rCeva imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu rogor SeinarCunos da gaaumjobesos sakuTari winsvla, magram igi gavlenas ar axdens studentis Semajamebeli Sefasebis niSansa Tu qulaze. saswavlo kursSi meti formirebadi Sefasebis gamoyenebiT moaxdenT studentebze fokusirebas, vinaidan gamoavlenT maT swavlaSi naklovanebebsa da im aspeqtebs, romelTa gamosworebac SeuZliaT. formirebadi Sefasebis magaliTebSi Sedis komentarebi eseebze, werilobiTi SeniSvnebi Sesrulebul davalebebze, wlis ganmavlobaSi iseTi niSnebis dawera, romlebic ar imoqmedebs wlis bolos daweril niSanze, da mravalvariantiani kiTxvebi/pasuxebi mxolod rekomendaciebis misaRebad. sxva formirebadi Sefasebebis damateba aZlierebs studentze orientirebul midgomas. Semajamebeli Sefasebis yvelaze mniSvnelovani principi aris is, rom man unda gansazRvros, miaRwia Tu ara da ramdenad miaRwia studentma am modulisaTvis gansazRvrul saswavlo Sedegs, ris safuZvelzec daiwereba niSani an qula, romelic imoqmedebs studentis Semdgom swavlaze, swavlis Sedegze an oriveze. imas, Tu ras swavlobs studenti, ra Zalisxmevas iyenebs amisaTvis da ra xasiaTi aqvs studentis swavlas, xSirad im Semajamebeli Sefasebis masStabi da forma ganapirobebs, romlis miRebasac isini moelian. magram formirebadi Sefaseba umniSvnelovanesia swavlis procesisaTvis da idealur SemTxvevaSi
- 27. bavSvis uflebebi da Jurnalisturi praqtika - uflebebze dafuZnebuli midgoma 25 saswavlo kursi ise unda iqnes Sedgenili, rom maqsimalurad gaizardos formirebadi SeniSvnebis raodenoba, romlebsac studentebi miiReben TavianTi samuSaos Sesaxeb. Semajamebeli Sefaseba qvemoT motanilia Semajamebeli Sefasebebis ramdenime magaliTi, romlebic leqtorebs SeuZliaT ucvlelad an saxecvlili formiT gamoiyenon. Semajamebeli Sefasebis es magaliTi rekomendebulia am modulisaTvis: studentebi warmoadgenen bavSvTa uflebebisa da keTildReobis zogierTi aspeqtis Sesaxeb 1000-sityvian statias. statia unda iyos originaluri da Sesrulebuli maRalprofesiul doneze ise, rom misi gamoqveyneba SeiZlebodes. studentebi aseve warmoadgenen Jurnals, romelSic aRwerili iqneba kvlevisa da statiis weris procesi. sadac SesaZlebelia, studentebi radiosTvis axali ambebis pakets moamzadeben. magaliTad, studentebma mediaorganizaciis gamoSvebis redaqtors SeiZleba gamosaqveyneblad an translirebisaTvis SesTavazon statiis an paketis momzadeba. studentebma unda moamzadon yovelkvireuli Jurnalic, romelSic detalurad iqneba aRwerili procesi, wamoWrili sakiTxebi, maT Soris bavSvis uflebebTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebisadmi interesi Tu uinteresoba. realurad am tipis Sefaseba SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnes iq, sadac didi mediabazaria. amis erT- erTi alternatiuli variantia studentis mier namuSevris wardgena redaqtorisaTvis, romelic sakuTar mosazrebebs gamoTqvams am namuSevarze, Tumca ar iqneba valdebuli, gamoaqveynos igi. students niSani ewereba JurnalSi aRwerili sakiTxebis, publikaciis da gamoqveynebul naSromSi wamoWrili sakiTxebis safuZvelze.
- 28. 26 formirebadi Sefaseba qvemoT motanilia formirebadi Sefasebis ramdenime magaliTi, romlebic leqtorebs SeuZliaT gamoiyenon ucvlelad an saxecvlili formiT, rogorc Tavad CaTvlian saWirod: yoveli mecadineobis dasrulebisas studentebs eZlevaT davaleba Semdegi mecadineobisTvis. es niSnavs, rom studentebi Semowmdebian konkretuli nawilis yvela aspeqtSi. davalebis moculoba SeiZleba monacvleobdes mokle axali ambis momzadebidan da konkretul sakiTxze bavSvebis SerCeviTi gamokiTxvidan (voqs-popi) mravalpasuxian testebamde. mniSvnelovania, rom davalebis sirTulis done studentebis dones Seesabamebodes, Tumca davaleba Zalian Zneli an detaluri ar unda iyos, raTa studentebs ar gauWirdeT am davalebisaTvis gamoyofil droSi Cateva. es saklaso davalebebi SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnes rogorc formirebadi Sefasebebi da yovel maTganze niSnis dawera ar aris aucilebeli. isini qmnis mdidar bazas momavali mecadineobebisaTvis da mTavari sadiskusio sakiTxebis gansazRvraSi da maT Semdgom gavrcobaSi gvexmareba. formirebadi Sefasebis nebismieri qvemoT mocemuli forma SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes davalebis xasiaTis mixedviT: • Tanakurselis Sefaseba • TviTSefaseba • Sefaseba kompiuteris meSveobiT • saswavlo kontraqtebi / SeTanxmebuli kontraqtebi Tanakurselis Sefaseba / TviTSefaseba Tanakurselis Sefaseba da TviTSefaseba kontrolsa da pasuxismgeblobas ubrunebs students, xazs usvams ra studentSi avtonomiurobis gazrdil grZnobas. TviTSefaseba mniSvnelovani aqtivobaa, romelic exmareba students, sakuTar swavlaze aiRos pasuxismgebloba.
- 29. bavSvis uflebebi da Jurnalisturi praqtika - uflebebze dafuZnebuli midgoma 27 Tanakurselis Sefaseba Tanakurselis Sefaseba niSnavs sxva, Tanabari statusisa da uflebamosilebis mqone adamianis samuSaos Sefasebas. Tanakurselis Sefasebam sargebloba orive mxares unda moutanos – Sesafasebelsac da Semfasebelsac. konstruqciuli SeniSvnebis micemis unari Zalze faseuli unaria. am unaris SesaZenad studenti Seiswavlis niSnis/ qulis daweris sqemebs an Sefasebis kriteriumebs, imas, Tu rogor aagos winadadeba, romelSic efeqtianad iqneba SeniSvnebi gamoxatuli da rogor daicvas sakuTari komentarebi. kritikuli gaazreba, romelic umniSvnelovanesia SeniSvnebis gamoTqmisTvis, Zalze faseuli akademiuri unaria. studentebi iswavlian diplomatiasac, rogor miiRon da moaxdinon reagireba konstruqciul kritikaze, SeiZenen, aseve, mkafio da kritriumebze dafuZnebuli Sefasebebis gakeTebis unar-Cvevebs. Tanakurselis Sefaseba gaaRrmavebs studentis saswavlo gamocdilebas, radgan studentebi bevr rames gaigeben sakuTar naSromze sxva studentebis mier Sesrulebuli msgavsi davalebebis Sefasebis gziT. TviTSefaseba TviTSefasebis dros studentebi sakuTar namuSevars amowmeben, xelaxla ubrundebian davalebebis monaxazebs da teqstebs da uRrmavdebian da iazreben TavianT warsul praqtikas. yuradRebis miqcevaa saWiro, rom studentebma iswavlon imis Sefaseba, rac faqtobrivad aris miRweuli da ara imisa, Tu ra iyo nagulisxmevi. TviTSefasebis koncefcia sakuTari naSromis Sefasebis unaris garda TviTanalizis da kritikuli gaazrebis unar-Cvevebsac aviTarebs. Sefaseba kompiuteris meSveobiT kompiuteriT Sefaseba swrafi da qmediTi gzaa, romlis meSveobiTac studenti maleve Rebulobs gamoxmaurebas sakuTar naSromze, xolo maswavlebeli zogavs niSnis dasawerad saWiro dros. kompiuteriT Sefaseba tipuri formirebadi Sefasebaa, vinaidan igi exmareba students, daadginos, miaRwia Tu ara maswavleblis mier dasaxul mizans.
- 30. 28 saswavlo kontraqtebi/SeTanxmebuli kontraqtebi es kontraqtebi gansazRvravs im miznebs, romlebsac studentebi TavianTi saganmanaTleblo saWiroebebis mixedviT saxaven da aTanxmeben leqtorebTan. aseT kontraqtSi SeiZleba ganisazRvros Sefasebis is formac, romliTac students surs, rom misi codna Semowmdes imis dasadgenad, miRweul iqna Tu ara dasaxuli miznebi. es iZleva arCevanis saSualebas, ra sagani iswavlos studentma da aseve arCevanisa, Tu ra formiT Sefasdes misi codna. arCevani studentze orientirebuli swavlis strategiis erT-erTi mTavari pirobaa. swavlis SeTanxmebis koncefciac leqtorsa da students Soris urTierTobis mniSvnelovani cvlilebis maCvenebelia. rogor vaniWebT, sinamdvileSi, students garkveul avtonomias da gadawyvetilebis miRebis saSualebas iseT sferoSi, rogoric Sefasebaa? qvemoT motanil cxrilSi mocemulia mosazrebebi, Tu rogor SeiZleba leqtorma CarTos studenti Sefasebis procesSi. studentebis CarTva davalebebis • Sesafasebeli davalebis arCeva gansazRvris etapze • Sesafasebeli davalebis gansazRvra • msjeloba Sefasebis kriteriumebis Sesaxeb • Sefasebis kriteriumebis gansazRvra studentebis CarTva davalebebis • TviTSefasebiTi SeniSvnebis Sesrulebis Semdgom etapze gamoTqma • TanakurselTa mier Sefasebis SeniSvnebis gamoTqma • TviTSefasebiTi niSnebis/ qulebis SemoTavazeba • TviTSefasebiT niSnebze/ qulebze SeTanxmeba • TviTSefasebiTi niSnebis/ qulebis miniWeba • TanakurselTa mier Sefasebis niSnebis an qulebis miniWeba wyaro: adaptirebulia: o’nili da mak-mahoni, 2005 w.
- 31. bavSvis uflebebi da Jurnalisturi praqtika - uflebebze dafuZnebuli midgoma 29 komentireba formirebadi (da, aseve, Semajamebeli) Sefasebis yvelaze mniSvnelovani komponentia komentarebi studentebis, Tanakurselebis an fasilitatoris mxridan. xarisxiani, srulyofili, drouli komentarebi Zalian mniSvnelovani faqtoria studentis swavlis procesis warmarTvisTvis. Sefaseba studentebs unda uzrunvelyofdes komentarebiT swavlis dasaxuli miznebisaken maTi winsvlis Sesaxeb. komentarebiT studentebi SeZleben gaiazron, ra gaakeTes kargad, ra unda gamoasworon da ramdenad samarTliani iyo Semajamebeli SefasebiT dasmuli niSani/qula. imisaTvis, rom Tqvenma _ rogorc fasilitatoris _ komentarebma maqsimaluri zegavlena iqonios studentis swavlis procesze, es komentarebi drouli unda iyos. naadrevma komentarebma SeiZleba studentis gaazrebis procesi Seaferxos. Tumca ufro xSirad komentarebi dagvianebiT keTdeba, rodesac studentisaTvis maT arsebiTi mniSvneloba aRara aqvs. komentireba ar unda gadaidos wlis/ semestris bolosTvis, vinaidan naklebad savaraudoa, rom aman raime sargebloba moutanos students mas Semdeg, rac davaleba dasrulebuli eqneba da axali davalebis Sesruleba eqneba dawyebuli. droul da arsebiT komentirebas bevri sargeblobis motana SeuZlia swavlis Sedegebis TvalsazrisiT. magaliTad, aseTi komentireba: • gaaCens ndobas studentebSi; • motivacias gauCens studentebs, gaaumjobeson swavlis procesi; • miawvdis studentebs informacias swavlis procesis gaumjobesebis Sesaxeb; • gamoasworebs Secdomebs, gansazRvravs Zlier da sust mxareebs. komentarebis meti efeqtianoba Tqveni, rogorc maswavleblis, komentarebis xarisxis gaumjobesebis mravali gza arsebobs, raTa isini studentisaTvis meti Sedegis momtani iyos. martivi rameebi, magaliTad, kargi namuSevris plusiT (an sxva
- 32. 30 grafikuli niSniT) aRniSvnis nacvlad iseTi mokle sityvebis Cawera, rogoricaa `kargia~ an `sworia~, gazrdis studentebis motivacias. komentarebi konkretuli unda iyos – nu ityviT mxolod, rom `kargia~, ganumarteT, ratom aris kargi, ra TvalsazrisiT. komentarebi aseve unda iyos konstruqciuli, wamaxalisebeli, gulaxdili, xelSemwyobi, rac SeiZleba xSirad unda keTdebodes da arsebiTi xasiaTi unda hqondes. konstruqciuli komentarebi students unda miuTiTebdes: • Sefasebuli samuSaos romeli aspeqtebia kargi da ratom; • Sefasebuli samuSaos romeli aspeqtebia naklebad kargi da ratom; • rogor SeiZleba, rom studentma gaaumjobesos es konkretuli samuSao; • rogor SeiZleba, rom studentma ukeT imuSaos momavalSi. komentarebis meti qmediToba komentarebma SeiZleba didi dro waiRos, magram arsebobs maTi qmediTobis gazrdis gzebi. • gaiTvaliswineT im komentarebis xasiaTi, romlebic studentebs TiToeuli samuSaos koncefciebis gasagebad da unar-Cvevebis gansaviTareblad sWirdeba. ramdenad detaluri unda iyos komentarebi? individualuri unda iyos Tu jgufuri? zepiri formiT unda iyos Tu werilobiTi? • gamoiyeneT uordis failSi dokumentis Sesworebis da redaqtirebis funqcia, raTa ufro swrafad uzrunvelyoT studentebi komentarebiTa da SeniSvnebiT maT eseebsa da reportaJebze. • gamoiyeneT an SeqmeniT komentirebis standartuli formebi. • CawereT audiofirze komentarebi studentebisTvis. • moifiqreT ufro detaluri xerxebi imis gamosavlenad, Tu ra logika udevs namuSevars, ra aris is koncefciebi da principebi, romlebic SeiZleba arasworad iqnes gagebuli da winaswar daadgineT, studentebis ra Secdomebi SeiZleba mohyves maT aseTi gaugebrobis Sedegad.
- 33. bavSvis uflebebi da Jurnalisturi praqtika - uflebebze dafuZnebuli midgoma 31 modulis struqtura modulis struqtura `bavSvis uflebebi da Jurnalisturi praqtika – uflebebze dafuZnebuli midgoma~ ori nawilisgan Sedgeba: pirveli nawilia `bavSis uflebebis gacnoba~, xolo meore _ `bavSvis uflebebi da profesiuli Jurnalisturi praqtika~. pirvel nawilSi mocemulia mTavari saxelmZRvanelo principebi, romlebic studentebs koncefciis Sefasebis da gagebis saSualebas aZlevs. meore nawilSi es principebi praqtikul magaliTebsa da profesiul konteqstSi gamoiyeneba. studentebma moduli srulad unda gaiaron, Tumca organizaciuli miznebisaTvis SesaZlebelia TiToeuli nawilis damoukideblad swavleba. miznebi da amocanebi am modulis mizania, rom staJiorma Jurnalistebma an Jurnalistikis fakultetis studentma gaigon bavSvis uflebebi ise, rogorc isini gaero-s bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciaSia gansazRvruli da ganiviTaron axali ambebis pasuxismgeblobiT gaSuqebis unari, romelic gulisxmobs bavSvis uflebebis dacvas da pativiscemas yvela im sakiTxSi, romlebic mediaSi bavSvebis monawileobas da gaSuqebas exeba. swavlis Sedegebi am modulis dasrulebis Semdeg students SeeZleba: 1. gaigos da gansazRvros bavSvis uflebaTa ZiriTadi aspeqtebi ise, rogorc es gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciaSia gansazRvruli; 2. waikiTxos, gaaanalizos da kritikulad Seafasos bavSvebTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis gaSuqeba uflebebis dacvis kuTxiT; 3. kritikulad Seafasos, Tu ramdenad Sesaferisi da mniSvnelovania saredaqcio principebi da qcevis kodeqsebi bavSvebis Sesaxeb axali ambebis gavrcelebis praqtikasTan mimarTebiT;
- 34. 32 4. profesiulad Seafasos Jurnalisturi praqtika bavSvis uflebebis dacvis kuTxiT; 5. gaaSuqos samarTlianad, zustad da bavSvis uflebebis principebTan Sesabamisad. modulis struqtura – sakontaqto saaTebi da individualuri mecadineoba moduli warmoadgens erT 10 ECTS-ian (kreditebis gadatanis da dagrovebis evropuli sistema) moduls da mTlianobaSi iTvaliswinebs 200-saaTian individualur mecadineobas studentis mxridan. SesaZlebelia TiToeuli nawilis, rogorc ori 5 ECTS-iani nawilis, damoukideblad gavla. modulisTvis rekomendebuli sakontaqto saaTebi: 60 saaTi damoukidebeli muSaobisaTvis saWiro iqneba, savaraudod, 140 saaTi. modulis swavlisTvis saWiro saaTebi: 200 saaTi
- 35. bavSvis uflebebi da Jurnalisturi praqtika - uflebebze dafuZnebuli midgoma 33 calkeul TavebTan dakavSirebuli SeniSvnebi maswavleblebisaTvis nawili 1: bavSvis uflebaTa gacnoba 1. adamianis uflebaTa cnebis warmodgena am TavSi Sesaswavli ZiriTadi sakiTxebia: ras warmoadgens adamianis uflebebi? adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia adamianis uflebaTa dacva rekomendebuli sadiskusio Tema: imsjeleT adamianis uflebaTa koncefciaze Tanamedroveobidan SerCeuli Temis konteqstSi. am davalebis mizania studentebsa da leqtors Soris diskusiis dawyeba zogadad adamianis uflebebis Sesaxeb. Temis SerCeva SeuZlia leqtors an Tavad studentebs. zogadi Tema diskusiis dasawyebadaa saWiro, Semdeg ki mecadineobaze imsjeleT zogierT im sakiTxze, romlebsac es nawili moicavs, magaliTad, uflebebis ganuyofeli da urTierTdamokidebuli bunebis koncefciasa da arsze. kerZod, diskusiaSi SeiZleba ganxilul iqnes adamianis uflebebis gavlenis da Jurnalisturi praqtikisTvis maTi mniSvnelobis sakiTxi. 2. bavSvis uflebebi am TavSi Sesaswavli ZiriTadi Temebia: ratom aris aucilebeli bavSvis uflebebis gamoyofa? gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia; bavSvis uflebaTa komiteti. rekomendebuli sadiskusio Tema: gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa komitetisaTvis Tqveni qveynis mier wardgenili erovnuli angariSebi, komitetis mier am angariSebis ganxilva, msjeloba bavSvis
- 36. 34 uflebaTa konvenciis ganxorcielebaze Tqvens qveyanaSi, arsebuli monitoringis meqanizmebisa da maTi gavlenis Sesaxeb. gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis ratificirebis Semdeg TiToeul qveyanas moeTxoveba gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa komitetisaTvis erovnuli angariSis regularulad wardgena. aseT angariSs xSirad Tan axlavs arasamTavrobo seqtoris mier momzadebuli alternatiuli (e.w. `Crdilovani~) angariSi. studentebisaTvis sasargeblo iqneba am angariSebis ganxilva da naxva, Tu romel sakiTxebs miiCnevs mTavroba seriozul sakiTxebad da rogor aris es sakiTxebi asaxuli arasamTavrobo seqtoris angariSSi. garda amisa, bavSvis uflebaTa komiteti amzadebs daskvniT mosazrebebs qveynis angariSze, sadac mocemulia arsebuli mdgomareobis gasaumjobesebeli qmedebebi. rogorc erovnuli angariSebi, aseve komitetis daskvniTi mosazrebebi SeiZleba Zalze sasargeblo aRmoCndes imisaTvis, rom studentebma zustad gaigon, ras niSnavs bavSvis uflebebi. studentebs SeiZleba sTxovoT, gaixsenon sakuTari bavSvobis gamocdileba da imsjelon, ra gavlena SeiZleba moexdina amas maT Sexedulebebze bavSvis uflebebis Sesaxeb. 3. bavSvis uflebebi da media am TavSi Sesaswavli ZiriTadi Temebia: mediis gavlena axalgazrdebze; bavSvebis gaSuqeba mediaSi; bavSvebis monawileoba mediaSi. rekomendebuli sadiskusio Tema: SearCieT mediaSi arsebuli masala, romelic bavSvebs exeba, da ganixileT igi bavSvis uflebebis konteqstSi. am Tavis mizania, daafiqros studentebi bavSvTa uflebebis zegavlenaze, aseve imaze, Tu rogor SeiZleba isini `gamovlindes~ realobaSi. diskusiis dros wamoWril sakiTxebze msjelobisas kargi iqneba, Tu ganixilavT sazogadoebaSi arsebul balanss bavSvebis, mSoblebisa da zrdasruli adamianebis uflebebs Soris. diskusiis gagrZeleba
- 37. bavSvis uflebebi da Jurnalisturi praqtika - uflebebze dafuZnebuli midgoma 35 SeiZleba imis ganxilviT, Tu rogor xdeba bavSvebis monawileobis gazrda iseT sferoebSi, romlebic maT exeba. aseTi sferoebi SeiZleba iyos ganaTleba, mzrunveloba dRis ganmavlobaSi, TamaSi da dasveneba. kvlevam aCvena, rom ufrosebi bavSvebs xSirad ubralod formalurad aZleven SesaZleblobas, gaazrebulad miiRon monawileoba da gaiTvaliswinon am monawileobis Sedegi da ara realurad. saukeTeso praqtikidan ramdenime magaliTis ganxilviT studentebi SeZleben, gaiRrmavon warmodgena bavSvebis Sesaxeb politikis, praqtikisa da kvlevisadmi uflebebze dafuZnebuli midgomis Sesaxeb. 4. winaaRmdegobebi bavSvTa uflebebis ganxorcielebis gzaze am TavSi Sesaswavli ZiriTadi Temebia: adamianis uflebebis dacva; bavSvTa uflebebis mxardaWera; problemebi bavSvTa uflebebis ganxorcielebasTan dakavSirebiT; rekomendebuli Tema diskusiisa da Semdgomi kvlevisaTvis: daadgineT Tqvens qveyanaSi moqmedi bavSvTa uflebebis damcveli jgufebi. emyarebian Tu ara es jgufebi uflebebs? iTvaliswineben Tu ara bavSvebis mosazrebebs TavianT saqmianobaSi? dRemde Catarebuli diskusiebidan da mecadineobebidan gamomdinare, programis am etapisaTvis studentebs ukve sakmaod naTeli warmodgena unda hqondeT imis Taobaze, Tu ras niSnavs an SeiZleba realurad niSnavdes `uflebebze dafuZnebuli~ midgoma. uflebebis damcveli saagentoebis [erovnuli da saerTaSoriso] da bavSvebze pasuxismgebeli samTavrobo departamentebis mimoxilvisas sasargeblo iqneba uflebebis enasa da uflebebis ritorikaze msjeloba. studentebs am etapze unda SeeZloT TavianT qveyanaSi uflebebis realizebaSi arsebuli barierebis (Tu aseTebi arsebobs) ganixilva.
- 38. 36 5. mediis mier bavSvebis asaxva, bavSvis uflebebi da profesiuli pasuxismgebloba am TavSi Sesaswavli ZiriTadi Temebia: mediaSi bavSvebis asaxva; mediis mier stereotipebis Seqmna; bavSvis uflebaTa darRveva; bavSvis dacva. rekomendebuli Tema diskusiisa da Semdgomi kvlevisaTvis: mimoixileT bavSvis uflebaTa sainformacio qselis (CRIN) eTikuri saxelmZRvanelo principebi da gansazRvreT ramdenime ZiriTadi principis mniSvneloba Tqveni praqtikisaTvis. rogor SeiZleba _ Tuki saerTod es SesaZlebelia _ gavlena moaxdinos am principebma arsebul praqtikaze? es moduli exeba bavSvebis uflebebis dacvas Jurnalistur praqtikaSi. mTavari gamowveva aq studentebis azrovnebis fokusis gadatanaa bavSvTa dacvis sakiTxidan bavSvis _ rogorc aqtiuri moqalaqis _ da misi uflebebis dacvis sakiTxze. es Tavi exmareba studentebs, Tavi daaRwion bavSvebisadmi zedapirul midgomas, damkvidrebul stereotipebs – kargi/cudi; angelozebi/eSmakebi da a.S. – da ganixilon stereotipebis Camoyalibebis rogorc umniSvnelo, ise seriozuli formebi da is riskebi, romlebsac isini Seicavs da romlebiTac ilaxeba bavSvis uflebebi. 6. informaciis gavrcelebis saukeTeso praqtika bavSvebis TvalsazrisiT am TavSi Sesaswavli ZiriTadi Temebia: `msoflio bavSvebisaTvis~; erovnuli samoqmedo gegmebi bavSvebisaTvis; bavSvebis monawileoba; saukeTeso praqtikis principebi; bavSvTa Tvalsazrisis gageba: magaliTebi.
- 39. bavSvis uflebebi da Jurnalisturi praqtika - uflebebze dafuZnebuli midgoma 37 rekomendebuli Tema diskusiisa da Semdgomi kvlevisaTvis: ganixileT Tqvens qveyanaSi bavSvebTan dakavSirebuli erovnuli samoqmedo gegmis statusi da bavSvebisa da axalgazrdebis monawileoba mis SemuSavebaSi. zogi qveyana sxva qveynebze ufro qmediTia bavSvTa uflebebis realizebasa da aRniSnul procesSi bavSvebis CarTvaSi. am davalebis mizania, daafiqros studentebi, Tu ra mdgomareobaa am mxriv maT qveyanaSi. saerTod, modulis am Tavis mizania, daafiqros studentebi imaze, Tu rogor imuSaon bavSvebTan da bavSvebis sakeTildReod saerTaSoriso CarCos farglebSi da uflebebze dafuZnebuli midgomis gamoyenebiT. modulis am nawilis mizania, xeli Seuwyos studentebs Soris kritikuli diskusiis dawyebas imaze, Tu ras niSnavs uflebebze dafuZnebuli midgoma da rogor imoqmedebs es Jurnalistur praqtikaze. mosalodnelia uTanxmoeba da debatebi, rac gaamdidrebs studentebis ganaTlebis process da xels Seuwyobs am rTuli sferosadmi gaazrebuli midgomis Camoyalibebas. nawili 2: bavSvis uflebebi da profesiuli Jurnalisturi praqtika 1. qcevis kodeqsebi da saxelmZRvanelo saredaqcio principebi am TavSi Sesaswavli ZiriTadi Temebia: ra saWiroa qcevis kodeqsebi? kodeqsebi detaluri da normatiuli unda iyos Tu zogad principebs unda moicavdes? qcevis kodeqsebi da movaleobebi; qcevis kodeqsebi da presis Tavisufleba; pasuxismgeblobis da Tavisuflebis Sedareba. SeniSvna maswavleblebisaTvis: sTxoveT studentebs, imsjelon imaze, Tu ras unda moicavdes qcevis kargi kodeqsi da ra faseulobebi unda iyos masSi xazgasmuli. CamowereT sia dafaze da Semdeg SeadareT saklaso diskusiis Sedegad miRebuli es sia realur kodeqsebs.
- 40. 38 Zalze mniSvnelovania, studentebs mieceT dro, rom SeTavazebuli masala kritikulad ganixilon. yovelTvis aucilebelia kodeqsis Sesruleba? kodeqsebi saxelmZRvanelo principebs warmoadgens Tu regulirebas? 2. bavSvTa dacvis strategiebi am TavSi Sesaswavli ZiriTadi Temebia: bavSvTa dacvis strategiebi. ras warmoadgens es strategiebi da ra Sexeba aqvs JurnalistebTan? bavSvTa dacvis strategiebis SemuSaveba; bavSvTa dacvis strategiebis ganxorcieleba; bavSvTa dacvis strategiebi da presis Tavisufleba. am TavSi ganxilulia, Tu ramdenad icaven Tavad Jurnalistebi bavSvTa uflebebs profesiuli saqmianobisas da ramdenad gamoavlenen isini im organizaciebs, romlebic arRveven bavSvTa uflebebs. aRniSnuli Tavi efuZneba wina leqcias eTikis kodeqsebis Sesaxeb. bolo wlebis erT- erTi mniSvnelovani movlena iyo aSS-Si, avstraliasa da irlandiaSi kaTolikuri eklesiis mRvdlebis mier bavSvTa eqspluataciis faqtebis gaSuqeba mediaSi. studentebma unda ganixilon, bavSvTa dacvis ra strategiebi arsebobs maT qveynebSi arsebul sxvadasxva organizaciaSi. maT SeuZliaT aseve imsjelon bavSvTa dacvis im axali zomebis Sesaxeb, romlebic kaTolikurma eklesiam SemoiRo bavSvTa eqspluataciis gaxmaurebuli istoriis Semdeg. studentebma SeiZleba interviuebi aiRon Jurnalistebisagan, raTa gaarkvion, ramdenad informirebulebi arian isini bavSvTa dacvis strategiebisa Tu regulirebis Sesaxeb. sasurvelia, studentebi bavSvTa dacvis sferoSi moRvawe adgilobriv arasamTavrobo organizaciebs gaesaubron mediaSi bavSvebis gaSuqebis sakiTxebze. aseTi saubrebis Sedegad SeiZleba momzaddes reportaJebi an statiebi, romlebsac mTel klass gaacnoben.
- 41. bavSvis uflebebi da Jurnalisturi praqtika - uflebebze dafuZnebuli midgoma 39 3. kanonTan konfliqtSi myofi bavSvebi am TavSi Sesaswavli ZiriTadi Temebia: bavSvTa dacvis strategiebi. ras warmoadgens isini da ra Sexeba aqvs JurnalistebTan? bavSvTa dacvis strategiebis SemuSaveba; bavSvTa dacvis strategiebis ganxorcieleba; bavSvTa dacvis strategiebi da presis Tavisufleba. es SeiZleba studentebisaTvis Zalze rTuli sfero aRmoCndes. xSirad sazogadoebis damokidebuleba iseTi bavSvebis mimarT, romlebic seriozul danaSauls sCadian, Zalze mkacria. zogjer aseTi bavSvebis identificireba, danaSaulis xasiaTidan gamomdinare, iseT qveynebSic ki xdeba, sadac sasamarTlo procesSi monawile bavSvebis anonimuroba Cveulebriv daculia. umniSvnelovanesia, rom yvela studentma icodes sakuTar qveyanaSi arsebuli iuridiuli moTxovnebi im bavSvebTan dakavSirebiT, romlebic monawileoben sasamarTlo ganxilvaSi an Sexeba aqvT sasamarTlo sistemasa da policiasTan. nebismieri Jurnalisti, romelsac surs bavSvTa sakiTxebsa da bavSvTa uflebebis dacvis sferoSi specializeba, unda icnobdes bavSvebTan dakavSirebul yvela kanons. 4. siuJetebisa da wyaroebis moZieba am TavSi Sesaswavli ZiriTadi Temebia: ra aris wyaro; SeiZleba Tu ara, rom bavSvi iyos wyaro? JurnalistisTvis wyaroebis mniSvneloba; anonimuri wyaroebi; saidan vigebT ambebs?
- 42. 40 sTxoveT studentebs, SearCion siuJeti da CamouTvaleT gamosayenebeli wyaroebi, aseve, auxseniT, Tu rogor unda daukavSirdnen maT, mieciT telefonis nomrebi an eleqtronuli fostis misamarTebi. wyaroebTan dakavSirebuli erT-erTi problema is aris, rom Jurnalistebi eyrdnobian adamianebis Zalze mcirericxovan jgufs, romelic ZiriTadad istebliSments warmoadgens; ubiZgeT maT, gansxvavebulad da aratradiciulad miudgnen wyaroebis SerCevas. es moduli unda moicavdes imasac, rac studentebma axali ambebis faseulobebis Sesaxeb sxva modulebSi iswavles. studentebma unda ivarjiSon statiebis weraSi da moifiqron, rogor asaxon bavSvTa uflebebi sakuTar naSromebSi. bavSvis uflebebis sakiTxebis gaTvaliswineba ar niSnavs mxolod gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis gaTvaliswinebas. udavoa, rom es konvencia Jurnalists iseTi sakiTxebis speqtrs sTavazobs, romlebzec igi siuJetebs moiZiebs. igi aseve saSualebas aZlevs Jurnalistebs, konvenciis ganxorcielebis monitoringi awarmoon, magaliTad, gamoiZion, Tu rogor asrulebs xelisufleba konvenciiT gaTvaliswinebul valdebulebebs. leqtorebma SeiZleba miscen studentebs gamogonili ambebis monaxazebi mokle Canaweris saxiT da daakvirdnen, SeZleben Tu ara studentebi statiebis ise daweras, rom mkiTxveli daaintereson. saswavlo masalaSi CamoTvlilia informaciis wyaroebi da organizaciebi. studentebma unda scadon aseTi siis Sedgena TavianTi qveynisTvis. sasargeblo iqneba, rom klasma Seadginos im organizaciebisa da individebis monacemTa baza, romlebic sasargeblo wyaroebad gamodgeboda nebismier qveyanaSi. aseTi sia SeiZleba miewodos TiToeul students da amiT gaumjobesdes maTi, rogorc moqmedi Jurnalistebis, profesionalizmi.
- 43. bavSvis uflebebi da Jurnalisturi praqtika - uflebebze dafuZnebuli midgoma 41 5. bavSvebisgan intervius aReba am TavSi Sesaswavli ZiriTadi Temebia: rogor unda aiRoT interviu bavSvebisagan? bavSvisgan intervius aReba mxolod bavSvze pasuxismgebeli zrdasruli adamianis daswrebiT SeiZleba? rodis SeiZleba bavSvisgan intervius aReba mSoblis an meurvis dauswreblad? saWiroebs Tu ara bavSvisgan intervius aReba im unar-Cvevebisgan gansxvavebul unarebs, romlebic zrdasrulisgan intervius aRebas sWirdeba? sTxoveT adgilobriv Jurnalists da bavSvTa uflebebis damcveli arasamTavrobo organizaciis warmomadgenels, monawileoba miiRon mecadineobaSi. orives sTxoveT, isaubron bavSvebze, rogorc wyaroebze, bavSvebisgan intervius aRebasa da Tanxmobis miRebaze. am mecadineobaze SeiZleba mizanSewonili iyos JurnalistikaSi sazogadoebrivi interesis mniSvnelobis ganxilva da Sedareba im arasamTavrobo organizaciis funqciasTan, romelic mxolod bavSvis interesebs emsaxureba. klasma unda imsjelos imaze, rom SeiZleba bavSvebs Tavad hqondeT istoriebi da gamoyenebulni iyvnen wyaroebad. wamoiwyeT klasSi diskusia bavSvebisgan intervius aRebis saxelmZRvanelo principebze da imsjeleT, es principebi Jurnalistebs exmareba Tu xels uSlis. aris Tu ara iseTi SemTxvevebi, rodesac Jurnalisti iZulebulia, imuSaos am principebis darRveviT? es SesaZleblobas iZleva, gaimarTos msjeloba iseT mniSvnelovan sakiTxebze, rogorebicaa gamoqveynebisTvis gankuTvnili informacia da informacia, romlis gamomzeurebac wyaros ar surs, anonimuri wyaroebis gamoyeneba da informaciis mopoveba, rac wina modulebSi unda yofiliyo ganxiluli.
- 44. 42 6. bavSvebi SeiaraRebul konfliqtSi am TavSi Sesaswavli ZiriTadi Temebia: jariskaci bavSvebis istoriebi; konteqsti, omi, samoqalaqo areuloba, samoqalaqo sazogadoebis kolafsi; jariskaci bavSvebis Temis sensaciuroba; unar-Cvevebis sxva ambebTan mimarTebiT gamoyeneba. es aris erT-erTi mTavari da aqtualuri Tema, romelic warmoaCens im problemebs, romlebsac Jurnalistebi awydebian bavSvebTan dakavSirebuli mniSvnelovani sakiTxebis gaSuqebisas. SeiZleba sasargeblo aRmoCndes diskusiis arealis gafarToeba da sxva ambebis, gansakuTrebiT, mocemul qveyenaSi aqtualuri iseTi ambebis, rogorebicaa bavSvebi seqs-industriaSi, bavSvebis trefikingi an nebismieri sxva, ganxilva. aseve SeiZleba mosTxovoT studentebs, daasaxelon wyaroebi, romelTa gamoyenebac SeiZleba erT-erTi aseTi ambis gaSuqebisas. aq ori sakiTxi dgas: rogor SevinarCunoT interesi mimdinare Temisadmi; rogor gavaSuqoT ambavi sensaciurobis gareSe da bavSvis keTildReobis dacviT. 7. sityvis Tavisufleba bavSvebs da bavSvebze orientirebuli media am TavSi Sesaswavli ZiriTadi Temebia: bavSvebisaTvis mediis xelmisawvdomobis uzrunvelyofa; rogor uzrunvelvyoT bavSvis ufleba, gamoTqvas sakuTari mosazreba mediaSi; sabavSvo media. sTxoveT studentebs, moiZion sabavSvo mediasTan dakavSirebuli ambavi da daweron masze statia. Tu studentebs xeli miuwvdebaT internetze, SeuZliaT moZebnon romelime sabavSvo radiosadguri msoflioSi.
- 45. bavSvis uflebebi da Jurnalisturi praqtika - uflebebze dafuZnebuli midgoma 43 aiReT interviu bavSvebisagan raime mniSvnelovan axal ambavze, raTa naxoT, gansxvavebuli xedva xom ara aqvT maT da rogoria es xedva. 8. saukeTeso Jurnalisturi praqtika bavSvebTan dakavSirebiT am TavSi Sesaswavli ZiriTadi Temebia: bavSvebis Sesaxeb axali ambebis gaSuqebis saukeTeso praqtika; sabavSvo mediis monitoringi da Sefaseba: presa, radio, televizia.
- 46. 44 bibliografia • ARRC (1995) The Human Rights Pack. • bavSvTa sakiTxebis gaSuqeba ARRC. mediaSi – saxelmZRvanelo studentebisa da • DIT (2008) Enhancing Student Learning pedagogebisaTvis, gaeros bavSvTa through Assessment. Dublin Institute of fondi, Tbilisis saxelmwifo Technology (DIT) universiteti, 2008 weli • O‘Neill, G. and McMahon, T. (2005) • Jan-klod bertrani, mediaeTika da Student-centred Learning: What does angariSvaldebulebis sistemebi, it mean for Students and Lecturers?, in qarTuli gamocema 2004 weli G. O‘Neill, S. Moore and B. McMullin (eds.) • bil kovaCi, Jurnalistikis • Emerging Issues in the Practice of elementebi University Learning and Teaching, Dubin: All Ireland Society for Higher Education (AISHE) • UCISA-TLIG (2004) VLEs and Blended Learning, A discussion paper based on TLIG meetings held during 2004, UCISA. • • UNESCO (2005) Revised draft plan of action for the first phase (2005-2007) of the World Programme for Human Rights Education. UNESCO, 2005 • Yeban, Felice (2002) Building a Culture of Human Rights: Challenge to Human Rights Education in 21st Century, ARRC. • Yeban, Felice (1999) The Children‘s Rights Training Package, UNICEF HANOI.
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