In this presentation educators Natalia Bilton and Clare Chapman provide a walkthrough of their use of Virtual Reality in their teaching practice.
Find out more about our Mixed Reality season at http://uimagine.edu.au/uimagine-website/events/weimagine-mixed-reality.html
Virtual Reality & the Teaching of Anatomy & Physiology
1. Clare Chapman and Natalia Bilton
Virtual Reality and the Teaching of
Anatomy and Physiology
2. 21st century world faced by young people today….
$120
10m
Plastics
War &
Terrorism Drought
Human
trafficking
Pollution
Technologyaddictions
Immigration
Gender
Antibiotic resistance
Global
warming
Shootings
Disease
Racism
3. Status quo of secondary science in Australia
★ Australia has seen a decline over the last 20 years in students
studying sciences in later highschool years
★ Participation in science, technology, engineering and
mathematics (STEM) subjects in Australian schools is declining
and are at the lowest level in the last two decades.
★ Performance in these areas has also been decreasing
★ Australia’s declining performance in scientific literacy has also
been reported in the PISA 2015 comparative study
★ Australia’s achievement results for scientific literacy was
outperformed by 9 countries and shows decline in performance
between 2006 to 2015
★ Only 61% of Australian students achieved the National Proficient
Standard in scientific literacy.
4.
5. Science Enrolments at University
Australian science is generally in good health. At present there
is growth in science enrolments in universities.
But there are some immediate concerns and challenges in the
short to medium term. Science participation in the senior
years of school has fallen. Although the rate of this decline
has slowed, participation rates have not yet stabilised.
Compared with other nations, secondary school performance
in science literacy is also slipping.
Despite a recent increase in science enrolments at university,
the trend has been flat for most of the past decade and has
not recovered to the levels achieved in the early 1990s.
7. The New Learning Paradigm
★ The “New Learning Paradigm” proposed this decade by Kivunja
(2014a) describes a new educational pedagogical approach which
combines the learning of both 21st century skills alongside science
outcomes detailed in syllabi.
★ This more recent educational paradigm suggests that the true
purpose of today’s education is to prepare students for succeeding in
continually adjusting environments.
★ Within this paradigm, constructivism is a useful guideline for the
student centred teaching and learning of science and the active
construction and conceptualization of knowledge and cognition
★ Constructivist science instruction involves students being
experiential, active constructors of knowledge rather than passive
receivers of chunks of facts.
★ Modern students need to have some autonomy over their learning
activities and being given the opportunity to explore and create new
ideas which are oriented towards the needs and interests of modern
students and hence useful for the learner.
9. What skills do we want CSU graduates to leave with ?
WAYS OF THINKING
1. Creativity and Innovation
● Think creatively
● Work creatively with others
● Implement innovations
1. Critical thinking, problem solving, Decision making
● Reason effectively and evaluate evidence
● Solve problems
● Articulate findings
1. Learning to Learn and Metacognition
● Self motivation, lifelong learning, adaptability and
flexibility
TOOLS FOR WORKING
1. Information literacy
● Access and evaluate information
● Use and manage information
● Apply technology effectively
2. ICT literacy
● Open to new ideas, information, tools, ways of thinking
● Use ICT accurately, creatively, ethically, legally
● Be aware of cultural and social differences
● Apply technology appropriately and effectively
WAYS OF WORKING
1. Communication
● Competency in written and oral language
● Open minded and preparedness to listen
● Sensitivity to cultural differences when communicating
2. Collaboration and Teamwork
● Interact effectively with others
● Work effectively in diverse teams
● Prioritise, plan and manage projects
LIVING IN THE WORLD
1. Citizenship - global and local
● Awareness and understanding of rights and responsibilities as a
global citizen
● Preparedness to participate in community activities
● Respect the values and privacy of others
2. Personal and social responsibility
● Communicate constructively in different social situations
● Understand different viewpoints and perspectives
3. Life and career
● Adapt to change, Manage goals and time
● Be a self directed learner
10. New generation of learners
❏ We are now in the era of ubiquitous access to technology
❏ Students of today, known as Generation Z are both motivated by technology and
can access learning material, educational videos, apps and programs more
easily
❏ Generation Z also learn and construct meaning within social settings using social
media
❏ Generation Z’s learning styles are also changing. These learners are tech savvy
and multitaskers, who have a need to communicate using social media rather
than by direct contact with people, and are visual rather than auditory learners
❏ Motivated by interactive games, collaborative small team projects, and
challenges they can learn from by trial and error
❏ Engaging Generation Z requires the use of technology with complex graphics,
combined with learning activities that are experiential and constructivist in
nature, as well as ones that provide instant feedback and positive
reinforcement.
❏ It could therefore be postulated that Generation Z would find the use of virtual
reality technologies both engaging and a useful educational tool, as this form of
technology has many affordances by which these learners are motivated.
14. Virtual reality is the term
used to describe a three-
dimensional, computer
generated environment
which can be explored and
interacted with by a
person.
16. Affordances of VR for tertiary education
★ Interactivity
★ 360-degree visual authenticity
★ 360-degree navigation
★ Stereoscopic 3D images
★ First person perspective
★ In situ contextual information
★ Simulations
★ Single user experiences
★ Collaborative BMS 192
201860
17. Benefits of VR for learning
➢ Learning benefits
➢ Improvements to student outcomes and academic performance
➢ Increase in motivation for learning
➢ Increase in engagement
➢ Enhances motivation
➢ Development of scientific literacy
➢ Development of 21st century skills
➢ Makes visualising and understanding difficult and/or
abstract concepts easier
➢ All immersive
➢ Less classroom behaviour problems
➢ Restructuring of teaching and learning processes
➢ Facilitates differentiation
➢ Less cognitive effort to acquire scientific knowledge
➢ Provides instant, individual feedback
➢ Student centred, independent learning
18.
19. EIGHT ABORIGINAL WAYS OF LEARNING
Acknowledgement: Developed by the NSW Department of Education in partnership with the Aboriginal peoples of Western New South Wales.
Image source: https://8ways.wikispaces.com/
Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike Non-Commercial 3.0 License.
21. Virtual and augmented reality market in healthcare
grew from $525 million in 2012 to an estimated
$976 million in 2017.
VR becoming common place in the Health Industry
The giant investment bank
GOLDMAN SACHS is
predicting that the global
market for VR in healthcare will
reach $5.1. billion by 2025 and
will benefit some
3-4 million people
22.
23. Used as a treatment:
Physical therapy, phobias and
anxiety, pain, post traumatic stress
disorders, mental diseases,
dementia Used for dentist visits
Patient education: use of VR eg to learn about
hypertension, smoking etc
- As a tool to aid
health car workers
with day-to-day tasks
- Increasing access to
Doctors through
virtual visits
- Training of health
care staff using real
life scenarios
- use in aged care
facilities
28. First
Pilot
Second Pilot
2017
Using own equipment in BMS191 PTI
2018
Purchased basic headsets BMS191 and 192 PTI
2019
Aim: Increase interactivity of the headsets and add BMS291 PTI
35. INITIAL FINDINGS
N E W E X P E R I E N C E I M M E R S I V EI N I T I A L
A P P R E H E N S I O N
E N G A G I N G
36. Future Directions
➢ Currently sourcing funding for
equipment for use in teaching for
201930 session
➢ Development of learning activities
to use with VR in BMS191 Human
Bioscience 1 offered at the Port
Macquarie Campus
➢ Data gathering and analysis will
guide roll out of technology all
other campuses of CSU