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Tynecastle High School Study Skills
- 1. Planning Reading for Informa0on Memory Exam Skills Go here Go here Go here Go here Study Skills
- 4. All of the libraries shown on the map are within a couple of miles of Tynecastle 1. Find a quiet place to study 2. Organise your study space • Keep it <dy! • Make sure you have all of the equipment you require close at hand: pens highlighters s<cky pencils notes paper 3. File your notes • Allocate a box, file, folder or drawer to each of your subjects. Check out your local supermarket! • Group your notes by topic. Keep them organised. Get yourself organised! OPENING HOURS Maths PE Music French only £6.97 Bedroom ? Dining room ? Study ? Local library ? Reading Memory Exam Skills Planning
- 8. General Reading Tips Lots of the knowledge you require to pass exams comes from books, online texts or your own class notes. Therefore reading skills are vital to successful exam prepara<on and revision. Use the <ps below to help you when revising and also when reading exam ques0ons! Planning Memory Exam Skills Reading BEFORE • Iden<fy the purpose of your reading: • For fun/pleasure • Fact finding • For understanding • Highlight key words in one paragraph to obtain an overview of the whole passage DURING • Focus on HEADINGS and emboldened words • Underline key ideas, names and words • Look up any words you don’t understand AFTER • Read-Cover-Recall • Check what you understood by hiding the text and recalling the informa'on you remember • Read-Cover-Record-Check • Memorise facts by reading, covering, recording (on voice recorder or wriLen note) and then checking against original text
- 9. Reading Strategies Strategy Descrip0on Purpose Detailed reading Reading the whole text carefully and thougheully. This can be a challenge if you lack interest in the topic. Complete understanding Reading for enjoyment Reading at whatever pace suits you. The more you read the befer reader you become. Pleasure Skimming Finding out what a passage, extract or book is mainly about. General impression Scanning Looking for specific detail by running your eye down the page quickly. Fact finding SQ4R A combina<on of the above strategies following six steps: Survey, Ques<on, Read, Recite, Record, Review. Understanding and studying Successful students use a range of reading strategies. For example if you are looking for a piece of informa<on then it is not necessary to read a book in detail from cover to cover – scanning would be a more appropriate strategy. Read the descrip<ons of the reading strategies below. The last three are VERY useful for studying and revision. Planning Memory Exam Skills Reading
- 10. Skimming When you skim a page you get an idea of what it’s about. You only need to read: 1. The <tle and sub-headings 2. The first sentence from each paragraph 3. The last sentence of the passage 4. If the chapter you are reading contains a summary then read that first You should also pay close afen<on to any diagrams, graphs and charts. Your turn: Skim the passage opposite then try answering the ques<ons below. 1. What is the passage about? 2. How many forms of energy are there? 3. Complete the sentence: Machines are devices which ________ Planning Memory Exam Skills Reading ENERGY Everything that happens involves a transfer of energy. The sun has provided most of the energy which is useful to us. Forms of energy transfer There are many forms of energy transfer. These pictures show examples of the types: Energy can be stored in the forms of chemical, nuclear of potential energy: it is harder to store other forms. Energy transfer One form of energy transfer can lead to another. If you clap your hands, chemical energy stored in your muscles is converted to movement then sound. When you travel on a bike or in a car and the brakes are applied, movement is converted to heat in the brakes. What energy transfers take place when some paper is burned? Machines can control the rate of transfer of energy and how much useful work it does. A human is an example of a machine in which energy transfers take place. Sound Poten<al Electrical Nuclear Heat Light
- 11. Task 1 Scan the Periodic Table of elements to see if you can find gold (Au). Scanning When you scan text you are looking for a specific piece of informa<on. You do not read every word but instead you should run your eye down the page fairly quickly. Planning Memory Exam Skills Reading H He Li Be B C N Ne Na Mg Al Si P Ar K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Kr Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Xe Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Rn Florence Nigh<ngale was born on 12 May 1820, and named a_er the Italian city of her birth. Her wealthy parents were in Florence as part of a tour of Europe. In 1837, Nigh<ngale felt that God was calling her to do some work but wasn't sure what that work should be. She began to develop an interest in nursing, but her parents considered it to be a profession inappropriate to a woman of her class and background, and would not allow her to train as a nurse. They expected her to make a good marriage and live a conven<onal upper class woman's life. Nigh<ngale's parents eventually relented and in 1851, she went to Kaiserwerth in Germany for three months nursing training. This enabled her to become superintendent of a hospital for gentlewomen in Harley Street, in 1853. The following year, the Crimean War began and soon reports in the newspapers were describing the desperate lack of proper medical facili<es for wounded Bri<sh soldiers at the front. Sidney Herbert, the war minister, already knew Nigh<ngale, and asked her to oversee a team of nurses in the military hospitals in Turkey. In November 1854, she arrived in Scutari in Turkey. With her nurses, she greatly improved the condi<ons and substan<ally reduced the mortality rate. Extract from BBC History Florence Nigh0ngale. The Lady with the Lamp Task 2 Scan the passage ‘The Lady with the Lamp’ so you can fill in the missing words in the sentences below. Read the sentences first. 1. Florence Nigh<ngale was named a_er _______ . 2. Florence’s parents expected her to _______ yet in 1851 she went to _______ for nursing training. 3. Florence’s nursing team in Scutari, Turkey improved the_______ and reduced the _______ .
- 12. SQ4R SQ4R is a well known reading strategy. It is a great method that helps you read and remember the informa<on contained within a text – perfect for studying and revision! Planning Memory Exam Skills Reading SQ4R has six steps: Watch this short video: urvey (or skim) ues<on ead espond ecord (or write) eview
- 14. SQ4R Planning Memory Exam Skills Reading History of Greek Architecture The history of art and architecture in Ancient Greece is divided into three basic eras: the Archaic Period, the Classical Period and the Hellenistic Period. About 600 BCE, inspired by the theory and practice of earlier Egyptian The Parthenon, on the Acropolis. stone masons and builders, the Greeks set about replacing the wooden structures of their public buildings with stone structures - a process known as 'petriPication'. Limestone and marble was employed for columns and walls, while terracotta was used for roof tiles and ornaments. Decoration was done in bronze. Greek Building Design The typical rectangular building design was often surrounded by a columns on all four sides architecture: the Doric, Ionic and Corinthian. The Doric style was common in mainland Greece and later spread to the Greek colonies in Italy. The Ionic style was employed in the cities of Ionia along the west coast of Turkey. Where the Doric style was formal and austere, the Ionic was less restrained and more decorative. The third style, Corinthian, came later and represented a more ornate development of the Ionic order. The differences between these styles is most plainly visible in the ratio between the base diameter and height of their columns. Doric architecture (exempliPied by most surviving Greek structures, like the Parthenon and the Temple of Hephaestus in Athens) was more popular during the Classical age, while the Ionic style gained the upper hand during the more relaxed Hellenistic period. (eg. the Parthenon) or more rarely at the front and rear only. Roofs were laid with timber beams covered by terracotta tiles, and were not domed. Pediments (the Plattened triangular shape at each gable end of the building) were usually Pilled with sculptural decoration or friezes, as was the row of lintels along the top of each side wall, between the roof and the tops of the columns. In the late 4th and 5th centuries BCE, Greek architects began to depart from the strictly rectangular plan of traditional temples in favour of a circular structure (the tholos), embellished with black marble to highlight certain architectural elements and provide rich colour contrasts. These buildings were famously adorned with a huge range of Greek sculpture - pedimental works, friezes, reliefs and various types of free-standing statue - of a Pigurative nature, depicting mythological heroes and events in Greek history and culture. Classical Orders The theory of Greek architecture was based on a system of 'Classical Orders' - rules for building design based on proportions of and between the individual parts. This resulted in an aesthetically pleasing consistency of appearance regardless of size or materials used. There were three orders in early Greek Doric Ionic Corinthian Classical Orders THE PRINCIPLES OF GREEK ARCHITECTURE Task Use the SQ4R strategy to learn about the principles of Greek Architecture.
- 15. Reciprocal Reading Use Reciprocal Reading to help obtain informa<on from text . Follow these four stages when reading to help develop your comprehension skills! Planning Memory Exam Skills Reading Predic0ng Predict the content of the text. What do you think the text will be about? What do you already know? Ques0oning Ask yourself ques<ons about the text. Iden<fy central themes and ideas that warrant further considera<on. Make up ques<ons on unclear parts, puzzling informa<on or connec<ons to other concepts. Clarifying Clarify all unclear, difficult or unfamiliar aspects of the text. Look up any unfamiliar vocabulary in a dic<onary. Find answers to your ques<ons from the previous stage. Summarising Summarise the important informa<on from the text. Highlight or underline important informa<on. Re-write the main ideas in your own words to promote understanding.
- 18. Planning Reading Exam Skills Memory Mnemonics A mnemonic can be used to help you remember a single thing like a rule, equa<on or a short list. Try making up your own mnemonics to remember informa0on for your subjects: • Use the first lefer of a series of words to create another word or short sentence. • If you make it silly, rude and downright distasteful you will remember it!!! • It may also help to link the lefers to things you know e.g. people, places, addresses.
- 19. Planning Reading Exam Skills Memory Flash Cards Available from Using flash cards and s<cky notes helps with informa<on recall. On the other side write the answer or accompanying informa<on. logb(mn) n · logb(m) Maths Aspects of fitness Physical Skill related Mental PE Beveridge's Five Giants Squalor, Disease, Want, Idleness, Ignorance History You can also use flash cards and s<cky notes to learn important vocabulary. On one side of your flash card write a ques<on or statement. • Write the vocabulary you need to learn on s<cky notes. • If possible s<ck them to the corresponding objects in your house. • Otherwise display them in a prominent place so that your brain frequently processes the informa<on. • Use different colours and shapes of s<cky notes for different topics – this will help group your thoughts together. la bofe
- 20. Planning Reading Exam Skills Memory Visual Memory COASTAL SCENERY ON CHALK HEADLAND Weathering and erosion can create caves, arches, stacks and stumps along a headland. Caves occur when waves force their way into cracks in the cliff face. The water contains sand and other materials that grind away at the rock until the cracks become a cave. Hydraulic action is the predominant process. If the cave is formed in a headland, it may eventually break through to the other side forming an arch. The arch will gradually become bigger until it can no longer support the top of the arch. When the arch collapses, it leaves the headland on one side and a stack (a tall column of rock) on the other. The stack will be attacked at the base in the same way that a wave-cut notch is formed. This weakens the structure and it will eventually collapse to form a stump. A picture speaks a thousand words… Both sources below show notes a pupil has made on Coastal Scenery. Do not be restrained to wri0ng, using pictures and labelled diagrams is oWen a much more effec0ve way to learn!
- 21. Planning Reading Exam Skills Memory Making your own revision notes Why make notes? 1. Making notes makes you concentrate on what you are learning. 2. Notes help you understand because you put ideas into your own words and diagrams. 3. Notes link new knowledge with what you already know. 4. Notes are vital for revision. 5. You remember things gefer when you have noted them down.
- 24. Planning Reading Exam Skills Memory Mind Mapping A mind map is like a spider diagram but with much more detail. A good mind map shows: • Clear links between related informa<on • Pictures and diagrams • 5 or 6 key facts branching from a central topic • Different coloured branches • Words on a line same length as the word You can fit a whole topic on an A3 page It will look different for each person – it’s how you link informa<on together! The mind map below was made in two minutes using the Wise Mapping website. Sign up here for free!
- 25. Planning Reading Exam Skills Memory Tools of the Trade These items of sta<onary could prove really useful for note making purposes! And you can buy them here: (in-store or online via the links below)
- 26. Planning Reading Memory Exam Skills The Year Before The Night Before The Big Day
- 27. Planning Reading Memory Exam Skills The Year Before Past Papers Look at past exam papers to familiarise yourself with the type of ques<ons you will be asked and the structure of the exam. You can access past papers and marking instruc<ons on the SQA website. Key Ques0on Words Make sure you understand the meaning of key ques<on words. Check the table to find any you are unsure of. Equipment and Timing What are you allowed to take into the exam with you? Exactly how long is the exam? Take note of the number of marks for each sec<on and then calculate how much <me you have for each ques<on. Prac<ce past papers under <med condi<ons. Prelims Prelims help you to discover the weaknesses in your subject knowledge, how effec<ve your study skills are and iden<fy your strengths and weaknesses under pressure. Calculate Work out mathema<cally. Compare Are the things alike or are there differences? Which do you think is best? Why? Contrast Look for differences. Define Give the meaning. Describe Write in detail. Discuss Write about the important aspects of the topic. Are there two sides to the ques<on? Consider the arguments for and against. Evaluate Judge the importance or success. Explain Make clear. Illustrate Give examples which make the point clear. Interpret Explain the meaning in your own words. For example, you may be asked to interpret a graph. Jus0fy Give reasons to support an argument or ac<on. State Write briefly the main point. Summarise Bring together the main points.
- 28. Planning Reading Memory Exam Skills The Night Before Get Organised Sort out everything you need so as to avoid a rush in the morning. ü SCN card ü Pens and pencils ü Spare pens and pencils ü Sharpener and eraser ü Correc<on fluid ü Highlighter ü Ruler ü Calculator ü Protractor and compass ü Dic'onary ü Watch Double check the date, <me, loca<on and level of the exam(s) you will be siyng the next day. Swot Up Some students prefer to take a complete break the night before but most people do some last minute revising. By briefly reviewing the main points in your notes you can prepare yourself mentally. Get a good sleep! Don’t stay out late with friends or stay up to watch a movie. It not any befer staying up all night trying to cram in lots of last minute studying – you need a good sleep to provide you with energy to be focussed and alert during the exam! Even if the exam is in the a_ernoon a disrupted sleep pafern the night before won’t improve our performance.
- 30. Planning Reading for Informa0on Memory Exam Skills Go here Go here Go here Go here Study Skills