#OERde14 Keynote: "Generation Open: An International Look at the Coming Revolution in Education"

GENERATION OPEN
An International Look at the
Coming Revolution in Education
Nicole Allen (@txtbks)
Director of Open Education, SPARC
#OERde14 | September 13, 2014
Except where
otherwise noted… !
@txtbks | #OERde14 | www.sparc.arl.org

2014 theme is “Generation Open”
http://www.openaccessweek.org

WHAT IS
GENERATION
OPEN?

Image CC BY-SA from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
File:Encyclopaedia_Britannica_15_with_2002.jpg

http://www.wikipedia.org

Image CC BY by woodleywonderworks https://www.flickr.com/
photos/wwworks/3894173886/

http://berlin.craigslist.de/

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Telefonbog_ubt-1.JPG
(CC BY)

“LEFTOVER
PARADIGMS”

Openness is about
removing barriers
(cost, access, use rights, formats)

The “ah ha!” moment

Source http://www.amazon.com/Linear-Algebra-Its-
Applications-Edition/dp/0030105676

Source http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-13-368

$1,207
(€931)
Average student budget for
books and supplies for the
2013-2014 academic year
Source http://trends.collegeboard.org/college-pricing/
figures-tables/average-estimated-undergraduate-budgets-
2013-14

GENERATION OPEN &
CHANGING PARADIGMS

Paradigm 1
A publisher is necessary to
disseminate knowledge

How knowledge used to be
disseminated…
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/
File:Ancientlibraryalex.jpg (CC PD)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Illuminated.bible.arp.jpg

Printing press made it possible to
create books more efficiently
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Illuminated.bible.arp.jpg

But selling physical books requires
infrastructure and support – which is
why publishers were essential
http://www.harvard.com/about/warehouse/

Paradigm 1
A publisher is necessary to
disseminate knowledge*
Everyone can share knowledge
with the whole world, instantly
and at virtually no cost

Source http://www.slugbooks.com/ (CC BY-NC)

* Publishers still have important
roles to play, but no longer do
they offer the unique service of
distributing knowledge

http://www.nsf.gov/funding/pgm_summ.jsp?
pims_id=5741&org=DUE

“Transferability and dissemination
are critical aspects for projects
developing instructional materials”
http://www.nsf.gov/funding/pgm_summ.jsp?
pims_id=5741&org=DUE

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/

Free archive of articles reporting
results of research funded by the
U.S. government’s National
Institutes of Health (NIH)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/

http://www.doleta.gov/taaccct/

• $2 billion grant program to
develop job training programs
• All materials must be licensed
Creative Commons Attribution
4.0 and posted in a public
repository
http://www.doleta.gov/taaccct/

http://ec.europa.eu/programmes/erasmus-plus/
documents/erasmus-plus-programme-guide_en.pdf

Paradigm 2
Online education works just like
face to face education

The Medieval Lecture
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
File:Laurentius_de_Voltolina_001.jpg (public domain)

The Modern Lecture
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:
5th_Floor_Lecture_Hall.jpg (CC BY-SA)

The MOOC?

© Inside Higher Ed https://www.insidehighered.com/blogs/
stratedgy/big-mooc-data

“A study of edX student habits…
found that certificate-earning
students generally stop watching
videos longer than 6 to 9
minutes.”
http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/
SB10001424052702303759604579093400834738972

Paradigm 2
Online education works just like
face to face education
Online education is a new
environment with new rules, and
boundless potential to innovate

“The Polo Analogy”
(Dr. David Wiley @opencontent)

Polo ≠ Water Polo
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Polo_players.jpg
(public domain)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:WaterPolo.JPG (CC BY-SA)

https://www.khanacademy.org/science/physics/one-dimensional-
motion/acceleration_tutorial/v/acceleration

http://oli.cmu.edu/courses/free-open/introductory-psychology-
course-details/

• Free online open
courses with built-in
analytics
• Use data to identify
problems and improve
the content
• 100K+ students used in
place of textbooks
http://oli.cmu.edu/courses/free-open/introductory-psychology-
course-details/

Source http://pm4id.org/

• Professor took a project
management open
textbook and had
students adapt it as part
of their course
Source http://pm4id.org/

Paradigm 3
The way to make money on
educational materials is to sell
access

http://www.coursesmart.com/college-physics/eugenia-etkina-
michael-gentile-alan-van-heuvelen/dp/
9780321864925
eTextbook

http://www.digitalbookworld.com/2013/students-still-not-
taking-to-e-textbooks-new-data-show/

Only 6% of U.S. higher
education students report
using a digital textbook as
their main material (2013)
http://www.digitalbookworld.com/2013/students-still-not-
taking-to-e-textbooks-new-data-show/

Paradigm 3
The way to make money on
educational materials is to sell
access
Restricting access to content in
order to sell it cuts off
possibilities for innovation

Openness enables
everything the digital
environment makes possible.

• Free online
• Free PDF
• Free ePub
• Print $49.73
• Instructor can adapt
and distribute
https://openstaxcollege.org/textbooks/college-physics

• Free online
• Free PDF
• Free ePub
• Print $49.73
• Instructor can adapt
and distribute
Non-profit project that pays
authors via grants, and
generates revenue through
supporting products
https://openstaxcollege.org/textbooks/college-physics

Startup company that
curates Wikipedia content
into textbooks, and offers
basic versions for free and
premium versions for $19.99
http://www.boundless.com

http://utahopentextbooks.org/2012/01/25/114/

• State-sponsored project
to customize and use
open textbooks instead of
traditional texts.
• Cut costs 50% while
maintaining the same test
scores.
http://utahopentextbooks.org/2012/01/25/114/

Students can’t learn from
materials they can’t afford

2 in 3
U.S. higher education students say they
decided against buying a textbook
because the cost is too high
Source http://www.uspirg.org/reports/usp/fixing-broken-textbook-
market

Percentage of Students Passing With C or Better
Developmental Math Results"
Percentage passing with C or better
70.00%
60.00%
Supporting Adoption
48.40%
60.18%
50.00%
40.00%
30.00%
20.00%
10.00%
0.00%
Spring 2011
No OER
Spring 2013
All OER
n=2,842
Adapted from slides by David Wiley available
under CC BY at http://www.slideshare.net/
opencontent

BECOMING
GENERATION OPEN

Openness spreads

What barriers are you facing?
What paradigms are causing
those barriers?
How can you help others have
an “ah ha!” moment?

Is openness inevitable?

Openness is inevitable if
we make it inevitable

#OERde14 Keynote: "Generation Open: An International Look at the Coming Revolution in Education"

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#OERde14 Keynote: "Generation Open: An International Look at the Coming Revolution in Education"