Connecting the Dots: Open Access, Open Education and an Open Future

Connecting the Dots:
Open Access, Open Ed and
@txtbks | #openUBC
an Open Future
Nicole Allen (nicole@sparc.arl.org)
Director of Open Education, SPARC
#OpenUBC | Vancouver | Oct. 28, 2014
Except where otherwise
noted...

Open Access Week: October 20-26, 2014
@txtbks | #openUBC
www.righttoresearch.org

STATUS QUO
@txtbks | #openUBC

@txtbks | #openUBC
425%
375%
325%
275%
225%
175%
125%
75%
25%
-25%
1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 2010
% Change Since 1986
Monograph and Serial Costs
in ARL Libraries, 1986-2011*
Serial
Expenditures
Monograph
Expenditures
(+71%)
Monographs
Purchased
(10%)
Source: ARL Statistics 2010-11 Association of Research Libraries, Washington, D.C.
*Includes electronic resources from 1999-2000 onward.
Adapted from slides by Nick Shockey (SPARC) available under CCBY

Average Journal Prices
@txtbks | #openUBC
Chemistry
= $4,450
Biology
= $2,653
Physics
= $3,893
Source: Library Journal 2013 Periodicals Pricing Survey
“The Winds of Change | Periodicals Price Survey 2013,” by Stephen Bosch and Kittie Henderson. Library
Journal, April 25, 2013: http://lj.libraryjournal.com/2013/04/publishing/the-winds-of-change-periodicals-price-
survey-2013
Health Sciences
= $1,482

Average Journal Prices
@txtbks | #openUBC
Source: Library Journal 2013 Periodicals Pricing Survey
“The Winds of Change | Periodicals Price Survey 2013,” by Stephen Bosch and Kittie Henderson. Library
Journal, April 25, 2013: http://lj.libraryjournal.com/2013/04/publishing/the-winds-of-change-periodicals-price-
survey-2013

@txtbks | #openUBC
www.sparc.arl.org

@txtbks | #openUBC

while tuition and fees increased by 89 percent and overall consumer
prices grew by 28 percent.
Figure 1: Estimated Increases in New College Textbook Prices, College Tuition and
Fees, and Overall Consumer Price Inflation, 2002 to 2012
@txtbks | #openUBC
Source http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-13-368
8

@txtbks | #openUBC
$1,207
Average U.S. student budget for
books and supplies for the 2013-2014
academic year
Source http://trends.collegeboard.org/college-pricing/figures-tables/average-estimated-undergraduate-budgets-
2013-14

@txtbks | #openUBC
Source http://www.studentpirgs.org/sites/student/files/reports/A-Cover-To-Cover-Solution_4.pdf

@txtbks | #openUBC
Source http://www.coursesmart.com/calculus-early-transcendentals-7th-edition/
stewart/dp/9780538497909

@txtbks | #openUBC
Image © from http://www.cnn.com/2013/06/28/showbiz/heat-director-buddy-cop/

@txtbks | #openUBC
2 in 3
Students say they decided against
buying a textbook because the cost is
too high
Source http://www.uspirg.org/reports/usp/fixing-broken-textbook-market

@txtbks | #openUBC
1 in 2
Students say they have at some point
taken fewer courses due to the cost of
textbooks
Source http://www.openaccesstextbooks.org/pdf/2012_Florida_Student_Textbook_Survey.pdf

Students can’t learn
from materials
they can’t afford
@txtbks | #openUBC

@txtbks | #openUBC
“Market Failure”
www.sparc.arl.org

We can do better.
@txtbks | #openUBC

Electronic Education in the Year 2000
@txtbks | #openUBC
(as depicted by an artist in 1900)
Source http://www.selectism.com/2011/03/03/villemard-in-the-year-
2000/year-2000-04/

@txtbks | #openUBC
Source http://www.phdcomics.com/comics/archive.php?comicid=1200

80%
of research is
publicly
funded
@txtbks | #openUBC
Source: “Academic Publishing: Survey of funders supports the benign Open Access outcome priced
into shares, HSBC Global Research,” February 11, 2013:
https://www.research.hsbc.com/midas/Res/RDV?ao=20&key=RxArFbnG1P&n=360010.PDF
1

@txtbks | #openUBC
Source: U.S. Department of Education
http://nces.ed.gov/fastfacts/display.asp?id=31

@txtbks | #openUBC
1227 pages!

@txtbks | #openUBC
How do we enable
everything that
today’s technology
makes possible?

OPENNESS
@txtbks | #openUBC

@txtbks | #openUBC
1. Free
(no cost, no barriers)
2. Open
(right to fully use)

Free, immediate online access to
scientific & scholarly articles with full
reuse rights
@txtbks | #openUBC
Budapest Open Access Initiative

Teaching, learning and research resources that
reside in the public domain or are released under
an intellectual property license that permits their
free use and repurposing by others”
@txtbks | #openUBC
Hewlett Foundation

@txtbks | #openUBC
Image © from http://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2013-07/11/copyright-hub-lacks-cc-options

Open Licensing
Uses copyright to enable
free sharing and reuse
@txtbks | #openUBC

(easy-to-use open licenses)
www.creativecommons.org
@txtbks | #openUBC

OA
@txtbks | #openUBC
most
open
least
open
Adapted from slides by Cable Green available under CCBY at http://www.slideshare.com/cgreen
OER
not
either

The$5Rs$
Retain • Make and own copies
Reuse • Use in a wide range of ways
Revise • Adapt, modify, and improve
Remix • Combine two or more
@txtbks | #openUBC
The “5R” Permissions
Redistribute • Share with others
Adapted from slides by David Wiley, available under CCBY. See
www.opencontent.org for full 5R definition.

@txtbks | #openUBC
HOW IT
WORKS

Two paths to Open Access
@txtbks | #openUBC
2. Self-archiving
1. OA
Journals

@txtbks | #openUBC
Three Paths to OER
1. Creating OER
2. Sharing OER
3. Supporting OER
www.sparc.arl.org

1st path to OA: Publish in an open access
journal
@txtbks | #openUBC
x 10,000+
Source: Directory of Open Access Journals: www.doaj.org
www.sparc.arl.org

@txtbks | #openUBC
McKiernan, Erin (2014): Being open as an early career researcher. figshare.
http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.954994

(open textbooks, open courses)
@txtbks | #openUBC
1. Creating OER
www.sparc.arl.org

@txtbks | #openUBC
Open Textbook (Example)
• Free online
• Free PDF
• Free ePub
• Print $49.73
• Instructor can adapt
and distribute
http://openstaxcollege.org/textbooks/college-physics

@txtbks | #openUBC
Captured from http://openstaxcollege.org/

@txtbks | #openUBC
Captured from http://openstaxcollege.org/
• Building 20 open textbooks
for highest enrollment
courses
• Educational tools to
support books and
sustainability
• Authors paid
• $30 million saved by
students

@txtbks | #openUBC
http://oregonstate.edu/ua/ncs/archives/2014/feb/osu-open-textbook-initiative-aims-reduce-student-
costs-enhance-learning

@txtbks | #openUBC
Source http://opencourselibrary.org/

@txtbks | #openUBC
Source http://opencourselibrary.org/
• Funded by state legislature
• 81 highest enrollment
courses
• Free and low cost
materials
• $7M+ savings to date, 4x
original investment

@txtbks | #openUBC
http://oli.cmu.edu/courses/

@txtbks | #openUBC
http://oli.cmu.edu/courses/
• Free and open courses
• Data driven design that
include real time feedback
• Data used to improve
materials
• Data also used in research
on how students learn

@txtbks | #openUBC
Source
https://oli.cmu.edu/jcourse/lms/students/syllabus.do?section=434add4180020c
a60127a17583becaeb

@txtbks | #openUBC
2. Sharing OER
www.sparc.arl.org
(OCW, repositories)

2nd path to OA: Publish (most) anywhere, deposit
into an open-access repository
@txtbks | #openUBC
X 2,000

@txtbks | #openUBC
Source: www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/statistics.php?la=en&fIDnum=|&mode=simple

Research Funder Open Access Policies
88 Research Funders in 18 countries
Data from roarmap.eprints.org
@txtbks | #openUBC

@txtbks | #openUBC
Captured from http://ocw.mit.edu/about/

@txtbks | #openUBC
Captured from

@txtbks | #openUBC
Captured from https://itunes.apple.com/us/itunes-u/id499270153

@txtbks | #openUBC
http://cnx.org

@txtbks | #openUBC
http://www.oercommons.org

@txtbks | #openUBC
Source http://www.doleta.gov/taaccct/

@txtbks | #openUBC
Source
http://www.californiacommunitycolleges.cccco.edu/Portals/0/DocDownloads/PressReleases/SEP2013/
PRESS_RELEASE_CreativeCommonsBY_090913_FINAL.pdf

3. Supporting OER
@txtbks | #openUBC
www.sparc.arl.org

@txtbks | #openUBC
Image © from http://www.teleread.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/02/bookstorerummage.jpg

@txtbks | #openUBC
http://open.umn.edu

@txtbks | #openUBC
http://open.umn.edu
• Catalog of open textbooks
containing 100+
• Faculty reviews
• Runs workshops at
campuses
• BCCampus is a partner

@txtbks | #openUBC
www.sparc.arl.org
• Digital coursepack pilot
• Library provides support
services to faculty for
identifying OA articles
• Integrates coursepack into
LMS (Moodle) for student
access

@txtbks | #openUBC
Adapted from slides by Kristi Jensen available under CCBY

@txtbks | #openUBC
Source http://guides.library.umass.edu/content.php?pid=87648&sid=4778777

• Offers mini grants to
faculty to switch to
OER/affordable materials
consultation sessions for
30+ faculty participants
• $1,000,000 student
@txtbks | #openUBC
• Workshops and
savings
Captured from http://guides.library.umass.edu/content.php?pid=87648&sid=4778777

@txtbks | #openUBC
About Lumen Learning
Open Educational Resources represent a largely untapped opportunity to reduce costs to both institutions
and learners, while at the same time improving student success. However, many institutional leaders are
unsure what to do to help their institutions, faculty, and learners take full advantage of OER.
This is where Lumen enters the picture.
Co-founded by open education visionary Dr. David Wiley and education technology strategist Kim Thanos,
Lumen is dedicated to facilitating broad, successful adoption of OER.
After years of pioneering work in open education as individuals, David and Kim collaborated on the Next
Generation Learning Challenges grant-funded Kaleidoscope Open Course Initiative in 2012 to replace
textbooks with OER in community college classrooms. Project goals included lowering textbook costs by
50% and improving student success rates. No one was quite prepared for the actual project outcomes, which
resulted in moving the cost of required textbooks to $0 and improving average student success rates by over
10% compared to student performance in the same courses offered by the same instructors in prior years.
You can read more about the Kaleidoscope Open Course Initiative on the Successful Projects page.
http://www.lumenlearning.org
Adding this concrete proof to the body of evidence supporting OER, David and Kim decided to join forces to
help more educational institutions and students realize gains like these.
Lumen helps institutional leaders and faculty address the major challenges of OER adoption:

• Startup company provides
soup to nuts support for
OER adoption
• Template courses that
• Performs assessments on
@txtbks | #openUBC
faculty adapt
Open Educational Resources represent a largely untapped opportunity to reduce costs to both institutions
and learners, while at the same time improving student success. However, many institutional leaders are
unsure what to do to help their institutions, faculty, and learners take full advantage of OER.
This is where Lumen enters the picture.
outcomes
Co-founded by open education visionary Dr. David Wiley and education technology strategist Kim Thanos,
Lumen is dedicated to facilitating broad, successful adoption of OER.
After years of pioneering work in open education as individuals, David and Kim collaborated on the Next
Generation Learning Challenges grant-funded Kaleidoscope Open Course Initiative in 2012 to replace
textbooks with OER in community college classrooms. Project goals included lowering textbook costs by
50% and improving student success rates. No one was quite prepared for the actual project outcomes, which
resulted in moving the cost of required textbooks to $0 and improving average student success rates by over
10% compared to student performance in the same courses offered by the same instructors in prior years.
You can read more about the Kaleidoscope Open Course Initiative on the Successful Projects page.
http://www.lumenlearning.org
Adding this concrete proof to the body of evidence supporting OER, David and Kim decided to join forces to
help more educational institutions and students realize gains like these.
Lumen helps institutional leaders and faculty address the major challenges of OER adoption:

Tidewater Community College
is making college more affordable.
The cost of college textbooks has risen 812% since 1978, more
than the rates of inflation, health care, new home prices, and
college tuition.
As of May 2013, if a TCC student purchased all of the textbooks
required for a business administration degree, that student would
spend $3,678.95 on new books. While used textbooks may lower
this price, their availability is, at best, uneven.
Beginning in Fall 2013, TCC became the first college in the U.S. to create an Associate of Science degree
based solely on open educational resources (OER), academically vetted and publicly licensed content. After
a one-semester pilot project, the true measures of accomplishment are
@txtbks | #openUBC
More and more, college students are unable to afford their
textbooks, and as many as 70% of students have reported
avoiding buying at least one textbook for their courses. Not
surprisingly, these students do not do as well academically.
But the problem with printed textbooks goes beyond financial cost; textbooks “ cost” students and teachers
in other ways as well.
Because textbooks are frequently written for broad audiences in the hopes that they will fill the learning
support needs and be adopted by large numbers of faculty and departments, they are filled with content
and exercises that are superfluous to a specific course’ s learning outcomes. The cost here is in teaching
efficiency and effectiveness.
Fortunately a solution to both problems exists.
• student success
• and increased instructor effectiveness.
Source http://www.tcc.edu/news/press/2014/zdegreecbn.htm
Early data suggest the Z-Degree will meet both goals. Z Courses experienced greater student retention and
fewer student withdrawals. Grades were comparable with textbook-based courses. Almost 99% of students

• Entire 2-year degree that
Tidewater Community College
is making college more affordable.
uses OER in every course
• Students can graduate
The cost of college textbooks has risen 812% since 1978, more
than the rates of inflation, health care, new home prices, and
college tuition.
with $0 textbook costs
• Higher course retention
• Available to any other
@txtbks | #openUBC
More and more, college students are unable to afford their
textbooks, and as many as 70% of students have reported
avoiding buying at least one textbook for their courses. Not
surprisingly, these students do not do as well academically.
As of May 2013, if a TCC student purchased all of the textbooks
required rates
for a business administration degree, that student would
spend $3,678.95 on new books. While used textbooks may lower
this price, their availability is, at best, uneven.
But the problem with printed textbooks goes beyond financial cost; textbooks “ cost” students and teachers
in other ways as well.
Because textbooks are frequently written for broad audiences in the hopes that they will fill the learning
support needs and be adopted by large numbers of faculty and departments, they are filled with content
and exercises that are superfluous to a specific course’ s learning outcomes. The cost here is in teaching
efficiency and effectiveness.
Fortunately a solution to both problems exists.
college
Beginning in Fall 2013, TCC became the first college in the U.S. to create an Associate of Science degree
based solely on open educational resources (OER), academically vetted and publicly licensed content. After
a one-semester pilot project, the true measures of accomplishment are
• student success
• and increased instructor effectiveness.
Source http://www.tcc.edu/news/press/2014/zdegreecbn.htm
Early data suggest the Z-Degree will meet both goals. Z Courses experienced greater student retention and
fewer student withdrawals. Grades were comparable with textbook-based courses. Almost 99% of students

@txtbks | #openUBC
Source: “OA Policy Development and Implementation at Queensland University of Technology,” Professor Tom
Cochrane, Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Delivered November 2012):
http://www.berlin10.org/images/ws2cochrane.pdf

$1M student savings, and counting
@txtbks | #openUBC

@txtbks | #openUBC

@txtbks | #openUBC
Developmental Math Results"
Percentage passing with C or better
48.40%
60.18%
Supporting Adoption
70.00%
60.00%
50.00%
40.00%
30.00%
20.00%
10.00%
0.00%
Spring 2011
No OER
Spring 2013
All OER
n=2,842
Adapted from slides by David Wiley available under CC BY at
http://www.slideshare.net/opencontent
Open Educational Resources represent a and learners, while at the same time improving unsure what to do to help their institutions, This is where Lumen enters the picture.
Co-founded by open education visionary Lumen is dedicated to facilitating broad, After years of pioneering work in open education Generation Learning Challenges grant-funded textbooks with OER in community college 50% and improving student success rates. resulted in moving the cost of required textbooks 10% compared to student performance in You can read more about the Kaleidoscope Adding this concrete proof to the body of help more educational institutions and students Lumen helps institutional leaders and faculty ! Finding quality content and mapping around the country to review and aggregate into Open Courses that match general course frameworks online. This process individual or institution to download and ! Incorporating OER into academic consulting services to help institutional sense to introduce OER into courses

@txtbks | #openUBC
Source
http://www.ploscollections.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.00
98826

@txtbks | #openUBC
Source http://pm4id.org/

@txtbks | #openUBC
The Medieval Lecture
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Laurentius_de_Voltolina_001.jpg
(public domain)

@txtbks | #openUBC
The Modern Lecture
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:5th_Floor_Lecture_Hall.j
pg (CC BY-SA)

Advance our systems
for sharing information
@txtbks | #openUBC
toward openness

@txtbks | #openUBC
WHAT YOU
CAN DO

Raise awareness of OA
and OER, starting where
people are at
@txtbks | #openUBC
www.sparc.arl.org

“Whether it’s lack of motivation,
conservatism, or a dominant tenure and
promotion system, faculty may be slow to
accept that our scholarly communication
system is badly in need of reform. If that
describes your institution, then you may
decide, like I did nearly four years ago, to
shift the conversation to OER.”
@txtbks | #openUBC
Source http://lj.libraryjournal.com/2014/03/opinion/steven-bell/what-you-need-to-know-about-
the-other-open-week-from-the-bell-tower/
- Steven Bell, Temple University

Support the sharing of
scholarship created on
your campus, in all of its
forms
@txtbks | #openUBC
www.sparc.arl.org

@txtbks | #openUBC
Engage the next
generation to advance
openness.
www.sparc.arl.org

#textbookbroke
@txtbks | #openUBC

@txtbks | #openUBC
www.openaccessbutton.org

November 15-17 | Washington, D.C.
www.opencon2014.org | @open_con
@txtbks | #openUBC
www.sparc.arl.org

Connecting the Dots: Open Access, Open Education and an Open Future

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