This document is a presentation by Nicole Allen from SPARC on opening education through student action. Some key points from the presentation include: - Textbook costs have risen 82% from 2002-2012 and now average $1,207 per student per year, presenting a significant financial burden to students. - New technologies allow for information to be shared more freely, and options like e-books, rentals, and open educational resources can help lower costs compared to print textbooks. - Students are increasingly advocating for lowering textbook costs and have options like supporting open textbook bills, advocating to make course materials more affordable, and raising awareness about high textbook prices and potential solutions.

1. Opening Education
through Student Action
Nicole Allen
OER Program Director, SPARC
Association of Big Ten Students Conference
January 18, 2014 Minneapolis, MN
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2. MY STORY
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6. Cheney Breaks Senate Tie on Spending Cuts
By ANDREW TAYLOR
The Associated Press
Wednesday, December 21, 2005
WASHINGTON -- The Republican-controlled Senate passed legislation
to cut federal deficits by $39.7 billion on Wednesday by the narrowest of
margins, 51-50, with Vice President Dick Cheney casting the deciding
vote.
The measure, the product of a year's labors by the White House and the
GOP in Congress, imposes the first restraints in nearly a decade in
federal benefit programs such as Medicaid, Medicare and student loans.
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http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/12/21/AR2005122100221.html
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7. NAME:
David Reichert
OFFICE:
Member, U.S. House
of Representatives
Washington 8th District
PARTY:
Republican
VIEWS:
Moderate
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9. Letters to the Editor
Saturday, December 31, 2005
Congress tries to make education cost even more
As a college student, I am downright livid that Congress is trying to make higher education even less affordable.
As you discussed in "Student Loans: Historic cuts" (Thursday), Congress's paltry attempt to appear fiscally
responsible included the $12.7 billion it robbed from students over the next five years. The most dumbfounding
part to me is that $12.7 billion will decrease the deficit by only $8.50 per American per year, while the cuts could
increase the average student debt load by $5,800.
The difference is not going to pay off the national debt, but to offset the $106 billion in tax cuts Congress passed
in the same breath as the budget cuts. How dare Congress tell me that I will have an even harder time paying for
college for the sake of fiscal responsibility when the congressional budget bill actually increases the deficit.
The House will have one more chance to vote down the misnamed Deficit Reduction Act in February.
Representatives need to remember that current students are the ones who will pay off the debt from this
administration's fiscal irresponsibility. Burdening my generation with more student debt and reducing our access to
college will only lower our collective earning (and taxpaying) power.
Nicole Allen
University of Puget Sound, Tacoma
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10. Letters to the Editor
Monday, January 2, 2006
It's unfair to graduate with a load of debt
Hooray! Finally a college student speaks out about cuts to higher education to fund tax cuts for those who
presumably already have their college education. Kudos to Nicole Allen for speaking up about this issue (Sunday
letters). It's about time the younger generation gets on its hind legs to fight back.
I went to college in the '60s with government help, as did most of my lower-middle-class friends. As a result, we
moved solidly into the middle class and beyond. What did this country receive in return for this gift to us? Millions
of people who had good jobs bought homes and goods and services. We paid taxes so that we could all be better
off. Guess how much debt we started our lives with as a result of this government help? None, zero, zip. We
started our working lives debt free.
Get going, college students. Demand no less for your generation.
Diane Bowers
Shoreline
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11. Letters to the Editor
Monday, January 2, 2006
It's unfair to graduate with a load of debt
“Hooray! Finally a college student speaks out
about cuts to higher education to fund tax cuts
for those who presumably already have their
I went to college in the '60s with government help, as did most of Nicole Allen forAs a result, we
college education. Kudos to my lower-middle-class friends.
moved solidly into the middle class and beyond. What did this country receive in return for this gift to us? Millions
speaking bought homes and goods issue (Sunday letters).
of people who had good jobsup about this and services. We paid taxes so that we could all be better
off. Guess It's about time the with as a result of generation gets zero, zip. We
how much debt we started our lives younger this government help? None, on
started our working lives debt free.
its hind legs to fight back.”
Hooray! Finally a college student speaks out about cuts to higher education to fund tax cuts for those who
presumably already have their college education. Kudos to Nicole Allen for speaking up about this issue (Sunday
letters). It's about time the younger generation gets on its hind legs to fight back.
Get going, college students. Demand no less for your generation.
Diane Bowers
Shoreline
Scholarly Publishing &Academic Resources
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nicole@sparc.arl.
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17. Scholarly Publishing &Academic Resources
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http://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2006/02/images/20060208-8_d-0292-2-515h.html
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19. Student Debt Yearbook
What are your non-academic responsibilities while
going to school?
Employed as a intramural sports supervisior, event
staff for University athletics, active member of the
WOA, legislative liaison for CWU students
Why do you think students should not graduate
with so much debt?
Students who graduate with debt face economic strife
because of debt incurred. The future is suspended in
order to pay for the past.
Nickalous
Central Washington University
Class of 2007
Elementary Education
Expected debt: $15000
What do you most look forward to when you
graduate?
Hope of being able to live without borrowing money
to survive.
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22. House Cuts Student Loan Interest Rates in
Half
msnbc.com staff and news service reports
updated 1/17/2007 6:09:49 PM ET
WASHINGTON -- The new Democratic-led U.S. House kept another
campaign promise Wednesday and voted to help financially strapped
students cover the soaring cost of college.
The House set aside objections from President Bush's administration as
well as concerns by lenders and passed a bill to cut in half the interest
rate on need-based federal student loans over five years to 3.4 percent.
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24. House Passes Student Aid Bill
September 18, 2009
By Doug Lederman
WASHINGTON -- The House of Representatives on Thursday
approved sweeping legislation to overhaul the student loan
programs and redirect tens of billions of dollars to student aid and
other education programs, brushing aside Republican opposition
and handing President Obama a significant legislative victory. The
House's approval of the Student Aid and Fiscal Responsibility Act
of 2009, which had been a foregone conclusion for months, shifts
the action to the Senate, where the outcome is slightly less
predictable.
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27. Students
deliver 130,000
letters telling
Congress
“don’t double
our rates”
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http://www.studentpirgs.org
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28. At 11th Hour, Congress Approves Freeze of Interest
Rate on Some Student Loans
June 29, 2012
By Michael Stratford
After months of disagreement over how to pay for a temporary freeze on
the interest rate for certain federal student loans, Congress on Friday passed
a bill that averts a rate increase but reduces some benefits for borrowers.
The measure keeps the interest rate for federally-subsidized loans to
undergraduates at 3.4 percent until July 2013. Lawmakers attached
themeasure to their compromise package for highway projects, which
received bipartisan support in both houses of Congress. It passed the House
by a 373-52 vote, and the Senate approved it 74 to 19.
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29. Senate Reaches Deal to End Fight Over
Student Loan Interest Rates
By JEREMY W. PETERS
Published: July 17, 2013
WASHINGTON — Senators negotiating a bipartisan deal to keep student
loan rates low reached a deal on Wednesday night that could end the
partisan feud on Capitol Hill that has threatened to permanently double
interest rates.
Two Senate aides said that the new proposal, which had been the subject
of tense negotiations since the rates doubled on July 1, would include both
a cap on federal Stafford and PLUS loans and a relatively low interest rate
pegged to Treasury notes. Undergraduates would pay the 10-year Treasury
note rate, 2.49 percent on Wednesday, plus 2.05 percent, with a cap of
8.25 percent, to protect them from inflation. Graduate students would pay
the 10-year Treasury rate plus 3.6 percent, with a cap of 9.5 percent.
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rates.html?_r=0
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30. When students
speak, people listen
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31. Scholarly Publishing &Academic Resources
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Gov. Christine
Gregoire signs
textbooks bill
with WashPIRG
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32. THE
OPPORTUNITY
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33. (1) Textbook costs
can be solved
immediately
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34. (2) Technology
makes it possible to
share information
freely*
* There is a cost, but it’s very very tiny
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35. Print On Demand
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36. Scholarly Publishing &Academic Resources
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37. Scholarly Publishing &Academic Resources
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38. http://www.slugbooks.com
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39. Why are textbooks
so expensive, and
what can we do
about it?
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40. $1,207
Average student budget for
books and supplies for 20132014 year
http://trends.collegeboard.org/college-pricing/figures-tables/average-estimatedundergraduate-budgets-2013-14
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41. 82%
Increase of textbook prices 20022012
http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-13-368
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42. http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-13-368
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43. $8.8 billion
Annual size of the US higher
education textbook market
http://info.xplana.com/report/pdf/Xplana_Whitepaper_2011.pdf
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44. “Broken Economics”
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45. How Students Save
% Student Savings Over New Print Text
E-Readers
39%
E-Books
52%
Rentals
Used Books
61%
25%
http://www.studentpirgs.org/reports/cover-cover-solution
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46. 2 in 5
Students report they have
shared books with classmates to
reduce costs
http://www.openaccesstextbooks.org/pdf/2010_fsts_report_01sep2011.pdf
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47. 1 in 3
Students report downloading
course material from an
unauthorized website (up from 1
in 5 in 2010)
http://www.bisg.org/news-5-847-press-release-now-available-student-attitudestoward-content-in-higher-education-volume-3.php
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48. 7 in 10
Undergraduates skipped buying
one or more texts due to cost
http://www.studentpirgs.org/news/ap/high-prices-prevent-college-students-buyingassigned-textbooks
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49. 1 in 3
Students say at some point they
earned a poor grade because
they could not afford to buy the
textbook
http://www.openaccesstextbooks.org/pdf/2012_Florida_Student_Textbook_Survey.
pdf
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50. 1 in 2
Students say they have at some
point taken fewer courses due to
the cost of textbooks
http://www.openaccesstextbooks.org/pdf/2012_Florida_Student_Textbook_Survey.
pdf
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51. You can’t learn from a
textbook you can’t
afford
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52. OPEN
EDUCATIONAL
RESOURCES
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53. Open Educational Resources
(OER) are textbooks and
other academic materials that
are published online for
everyone to use, adapt and
share freely
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54. Open Textbooks
• Free, online, accessible to all
students starting day one of the
course
• Available in many formats
including online, PDF and print
($20-40)
• Openly licensed and adaptable by
instructors
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55. Open License
Amends the default “All Rights
Reserved” terms of copyright to
“Some Rights Reserved,”
granting blanket permission in
advance to everyone to use the
material
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56. Four “R’s” of
Open
Reuse
Revise
Remix
Redistribute
(With attribution to the author)
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57. Open Textbook
(Example)
• Free online
• Free PDF
• Free ePub
• Print $49.73
• Instructor can adapt
and distribute
http://openstaxcollege.org/textbooks/college-physics
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58. http://www.bkstr.com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/ProductDisplay?catalogId=10001&categoryId=9602&langId=1&productId=4000000000002535744&storeId=216405&productStoreId=216405
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59. ~100
”Professional grade” open
textbooks available for
common college courses
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60. Open Textbook Catalog
Open Textbook Catalog
In an effort to reduce costs for students, the College of Education and Human
Development has created this catalog of open textbooks to be reviewed by faculty
members. Read full press release
Open textbooks are complete textbooks released under a Creative Commons, or
similar, license.
In an effort to reduce costs for students, the College of Education and Human
Instructors can customize open textbooks to fit their course needs by
Development has created this their own content. Students can reviewed by digital
remixing, editing, and adding catalog of open textbooks to be access free
faculty members. or purchase low-cost print copies of open textbooks.
versions
http://open.umn.edu
http://open.umn.edu/
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61. •
•
•
•
Open Textbook
Development
Individual Authors
Campus-funded projects
Government-funded projects
Start up publishers (both for profit and
non-profit)
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62. 80% / ~$100
Students savings per course
when open textbooks used in
place of traditional
http://www.studentpirgs.org/reports/cover-cover-solution
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63. Studies show that the use
of open textbooks is
correlated with higher
grades and retention rates
http://www.eurodl.org/?p=current&article=533
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02680513.2012.716657
http://www.irrodl.org/index.php/irrodl/article/view/1523
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64. ~$100M
Students savings worldwide to
date from the use of OER
instead of traditional materials
http://openeducation2013.sched.org/event/90d9e1c479a944181f771f720ef967db
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65. 514,614
Students in enrolled in Big Ten
Universities (incl. Maryland)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Ten_Conference (accessed 1/17/14)
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66. $340,906,168
Spent per year on textbooks
(using the most conservative
estimate of $662)
http://www.nacs.org/research/industrystatistics/higheredfactsfigures.aspx
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67. $34,090,616
Potential savings if each
student had just one course
using an open textbook each
year
Assuming 8 courses per student and 80% savings
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68. $136,362,467
Saved over four years
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69. How do we
make this a
reality?
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70. What Needs to Happen
• More “turn key” open textbooks:
create new and improve existing
• More support for adoption:
professional development, time
buyouts…
• More awareness: most people don’t
know what open textbooks are, we
need to change that
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71. Invest Public Resources
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72. Invest Public Resources
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73. Invest Campus
Resources
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74. Invest Campus
Resources
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75. Invest Campus
Resources
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76. Call for Action
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77. Call for Action
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78. Raise Awareness
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79. Raise Awareness
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80. Raise Awareness
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81. Raise Awareness
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82. Who Can Help
• Faculty: consider adopting open
textbooks, potentially authoring open
textbooks, and spreading the word to
colleagues
• Libraries: support for
curation, creation and adoption, and
support for campus organizing
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83. Who Can Help
• Institutions: provide resources and
support to faculty, leverage open
textbooks to increase
outcomes, competitiveness
• Lawmakers: policies that support (but
never mandate) the creation and use
of open textbooks
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84. Open textbooks can
happen, but we need
to make them
happen
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85. THE
CHALLENGE
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86. Save Students
$100M by ABTS
2018
Scholarly Publishing &Academic Resources
Coalition
www.sparc.arl.org
nicole@sparc.arl.
org
@txtbks

87. Nicole Allen
nicole@sparc.arl.org
Twitter: @txtbks
http://sparc.arl.org/issues/oer
Scholarly Publishing &Academic Resources
Coalition
www.sparc.arl.org
nicole@sparc.arl.
org
@txtbks